JPH02249430A - Nutrient solution cultivation of plant - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To readily carry out the nutrient solution cultivation of a plant in a home without failure by charging a nutrient solution required for the one generation cultivation of the plant in a container equipped with a stirring means and subsequently cultivating the plant while supplementing water to the nutrient solution to maintain the nutrient solution to a suitable solution level. CONSTITUTION:For example, 60l of a nutrient solution having a nitrogen concentration of 300ppm is charged in a cultivation tank 1 equipped with a motor 7 and mini tomato seedlings are planted in a cultivation bed 10. The motor 7 is driven to pump up the nutrient solution from a sucking opening 3 and release the pumped solution from an upper discharging opening 4 into a pan 8, followed by returning the nutrient solution through a water-flowing cylinder 9 into the cultivation tank 1 while bringing the nutrient solution into contact with air for the cultivation of the seedling. The once charge of all of the nutrient solution required for the one generation life of the plant gives a good yield without requiring any supplementation or exchange of the nutrient solution.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention mainly relates to a method for cultivating plants in simple hydroponic cultivation at home.

[Prior art] As a means of bringing greenery into daily life, instead of conventional potted plants, hydroponic cultivation (hydroponic cultivation) is simple and does not require soil, provides a clean look, and is suitable for interior decoration. It is attracting attention from this point of view. Hydroponics, which allows plants to be grown as long as water is available, is especially desirable for city dwellers.

By the way, normally, in hydroponic cultivation, plants are planted in a container with a nutrient solution containing nutrients at a certain concentration, and the nutrient solution is prepared at an appropriate concentration according to the drop in the liquid level, and the plants are grown while being replenished.

This conventional method is based on the theory that there is an optimal nutrient concentration depending on the growth stage of the plant, and that plants should be cultivated under conditions as close to that concentration as possible. Therefore, each time the reduced nutrient solution is replenished, a nutrient solution of an appropriate concentration must be prepared, which is extremely troublesome.

[Means for Solving the Problems 1] The present inventors have conducted extensive research with the aim of developing a cultivation method that allows anyone to enjoy hydroponic cultivation easily and without failure. In this regard, it has been reported that in hydroponic cultivation, plants can grow sufficiently as long as the minimum concentration of nutrients necessary for growth is secured [Konishi, Agriculture and Horticulture, Vol. 62,
No. 12, p. 68 (1987)]. This suggests that plants can survive and grow by ingesting only the required amount of nutrients from the nutrient solution, regardless of the nutrient concentration in the external environment. Based on this knowledge, the present inventors conducted various studies and established a novel hydroponic cultivation method in which a predetermined amount of nutrients required for one generation of plants is supplied all at once, and nutrients are not replenished thereafter.

That is, in the hydroponic cultivation of plants, the present invention involves filling a container equipped with a stirring means with a nutrient solution of an appropriate concentration containing all the nutrients necessary for one generation of the plant, and maintaining an appropriate water level by replenishing the water. The present invention provides a method for hydroponic cultivation of plants, which is characterized by cultivating the plants under stirring.

The hydroponic cultivation method of the present invention is an innovative method in which cultivation is started in a relatively highly concentrated nutrient solution containing the amount of nutrients calculated to be required by a specific plant throughout one generation, and no nutrients are replenished thereafter. This method provides a practical method. When implementing this method, the required amount of nutrients is calculated depending on the plant, and the amount is added to the nutrient solution at the start of cultivation. In this case, the following points should be noted in setting and applying the initial concentration of the nutrient solution.

l) Set the initial concentration so that the final concentration of the nutrient is equal to or higher than the minimum concentration necessary for the plant.

2) So that the initial concentration of nutrients is within the tolerable concentration of the plant.
Select a container with an appropriate capacity.

3) Provide appropriate stirring means to ensure uniform distribution of nutrients within the container.

Regarding (2) and (2), an appropriate range must be determined for each plant. As a result of the research conducted by the present inventors, the nitrogen component of the nutrient solution containing the necessary fertilizer components is as follows:
For example, in the case of cherry tomatoes, the concentration is several ppm to 30
It has been found that 0 ppm is sufficient. Assuming that cherry tomatoes with a cultivation period of about 4 months are cultivated in 7 tiers of flower clusters,
-Nitrogen absorption per plant is estimated to be approximately IOg. On the other hand, the tolerable concentration of cherry tomatoes in a nutrient solution containing the necessary fertilizer components is 300 ppm or more of nitrogen, so 10g of nitrogen in a 300 ppm nutrient solution is
33 f2 of nutrient solution is required to supply 33 f2 of nitrogen.

In other words, approximately two cherry tomatoes can be grown using nutrient solution 60Q with a concentration of 300 ppm.

In this way, a nutrient solution with an appropriate concentration and amount is prepared according to the selected plant, placed in a container equipped with a stirring means, and cultivated according to the usual hydroponic method except for replenishing the nutrient solution with water. do it.

As the stirring means used in the method of the present invention, circulation and stirring devices used in ordinary hydroponic cultivation can be used. Although a mechanical stirring device may be used, one example of a device that circulates the nutrient solution through an aeration mechanism is the hydroponic cultivation device of the present inventors shown in Fig. 1 (Patent Application No. 143281, filed in 1988)] is extremely preferable because it increases the amount of dissolved oxygen in water and promotes plant growth.

Although the method of the present invention can be applied to various hydroponic plants, tomatoes are most suitable from the viewpoint of growth rate, ornamental effect, etc. It should be noted that those skilled in the art will easily understand that the gist of the present invention is the bulk supply of nutrients in hydroponic cultivation, and that the timing of supply is arbitrary. Therefore, a nutrient solution containing all the nutrients required by one generation of plants may be used at the same time as seedling planting, but seedlings are planted in water and after a suitable period of time, a predetermined amount of nutrients are added to the water at once. It may be contained in water. In either case, the object of the present invention can be achieved.

[Operation of the invention] By using the method of the present invention, a predetermined amount of nutrients is supplied at once, and subsequent nutrient replenishment is omitted, so hydroponic cultivation can be continued without the hassle of preparing a nutrient solution. can.

[Example 1 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail according to illustrated embodiments.

Using the apparatus shown in FIG. 1, cherry tomatoes were cultivated in seven rows of inflorescences according to the method of the present invention. At the same time, they cultivated it using other methods and conducted comparative studies.

1. Apparatus In Figure 1, ■ is a cultivation tank with a capacity of 6012,
A hollow cylinder 2 is erected therein. A water inlet 3 is opened at the bottom of the hollow cylinder 2, and a water outlet 4 is opened at the upper part, and a pumping blade 5 is rotatably connected to a motor 7 through a pump shaft 6 inside. When this lifting blade 5 is rotated,
The nutrient solution is pumped up from a water inlet 3, discharged from an upper spout 4, passed from a saucer 8 through a water cylinder 9, contains air, and is returned to the cultivation tank 1. With this device, cultivation W! 1, air supply and agitation or circulation are achieved at the same time. Reference numeral 10 denotes a cultivation bed made of synthetic resin, which is formed so as to be able to float freely on the surface of the nutrient solution, and supports the plants planted on a sponge body or the like.

2.Cultivation method Plant cherry tomato seedlings a on the cultivation bed IO, place them in the cultivation tank l containing a fixed concentration of nutrient solution, and start the motor 7.The nutrient solution in the cultivation tank 1 will be sufficiently aerated as described above. , the roots of cherry tomato a grow well in the presence of the required amount of nutrients and dissolved oxygen. While dealing with the decrease in nutrient solution due to growth by replenishing water, we also use attraction,
If you trim the branches and remove the cores, you can harvest in about 4 months.

3. Comparative experiment Using the above device, we cultivated seedlings with two leaves in water on July 27th 1'! ! A comparative experiment was conducted in which the seeds were planted on August 16th and the experiment started on August 16th. That is, the test period from August 16th to the end of November to the beginning of December was divided into early and late periods with September 17th as the border, and the relationship between the growth of cherry tomatoes and the concentration of the nutrient solution was investigated. At the start of the experiment (8/1.6), cultivation p
! Nutrient solutions with different concentrations were prepared by adding various amounts of nutrients to the nutrient solution. There are three cultivation methods: the method of the present invention (continuing as in the first season), the method of adding nutrients in the second half, and the method of replacing with the same or different nutrient solution as in the first half.

The experimental samples are summarized in Table 1. In addition, the nutrient solution concentration is 400
Double samples are those that use a nutrient solution with the following composition at the start of the experiment: No, -N (18,0), N
H4-N (1,4), p (5,0), K(8,3
), Mg (3,8), Ca (9,3) (all units are me/Q) and appropriate amounts of Fe, Mn and B,
Nutrient solutions for other samples (533 times, etc.) were prepared in accordance with this. Table 1 also shows the final yield of cherry tomatoes.

Table 1 Concentration of nutrient solution and cultivation method in hydroponic cultivation Sample number First period 9/17 Second period Yield I4
00x Continue as is 480 pieces H400x Replacement New 400x 446 pieces■400x Replacement New 8
00x 570 pieces■533x Top dressing +800x
455 pieces v 533 times Replacement New 533 times 409
Individual VT 800x Replacement New 800x 32
Nutrient solutions were collected from the five samples listed in the table above, and changes in EC values (mS/cm) over time were investigated. The results are shown in the t52 diagram. In the figure, ○ represents engineering and ■, △ represents ■, and mouth represents V.

It is clear from the figure that the concentration change in the case of the method of the present invention (technique in Table 1 and Figure 1) is almost the same as in the case of other supplementation or replacement methods, and that the concentration required for plant growth is achieved. . Furthermore, there is no significant difference in the yield of cherry tomatoes compared to other methods, and in some cases the yield is actually higher. The above results prove the effectiveness of the bulk supply method of the present invention.

[Effect 1] As mentioned above, according to the method of the present invention, by providing the nutrients required for one generation of plants all at once, good yields can be achieved without the need for subsequent replenishment or replacement of the nutrient solution. You can perform hydroponic cultivation easily and without failure.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. vg1 is a partially vertically sectional front view of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus used in the example of the method of the present invention, and Fig. 2 is a graph showing changes over time in the nutrient concentration of the nutrient solution of the method of the present invention and other methods. . In the figure, 1 is a cultivation tank, 2 is a hollow cylinder, 3 is a water inlet, 4 is a water outlet, 5 is a pumping blade, 6 is a pump shaft, 7 is a motor, 8 is a saucer, 9 is a water cylinder, and 10 is a cultivation bed. . Patent applicant Minoru Sangyo Co., Ltd. Representative Minoru Imamoto

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. In hydroponic cultivation of plants, a nutrient solution of an appropriate concentration containing all the nutrients necessary for one generation of the plant is placed in a container equipped with a stirring means, and an appropriate water level is maintained by replenishing water. A method for hydroponic cultivation of plants, characterized in that the plants are cultivated while stirring. 2. The hydroponic cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the plant is a tomato.