JPH02177821A - Bacterial biomass fertilizer - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To improve the quality and decomposition time of compost and to improve the quality and yield of mushrooms by using a fertilizer consisting of bacterium biomass as a supplementary nutritive material. CONSTITUTION: The mushrooms are cultivated by using the fertilizer consisting of the bacterium biomass obtd. by additionally fermenting the liquid phase obtd. by fermentation of preferably antibiotics as the supplementary nutritive material. Formaldehyde of the amt. effective for delaying the release of the supplementary nutritive material described above is preferably incorporated into the fertilizer.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention This invention relates to bacterial biomass, its production and the use of organic fertilizers as scavenging nutrients in pine mushroom production. Such fertilizers can be used, inter alia, as a nitrogen source in the process. In this method, mycelium is suspended in water;
Thereafter, the suspension is brought to a pH below 5 with mineral acid, and the aqueous mycelium suspension is then subjected to spray drying at 150-300°C. EP60407 does not contain penicillin.
The mycelium mass is used as a medium for penicillin production (+!ii wet mycelium)
In this case, residual penicillin is removed by subjecting the wet mycelium to anaerobic lactic acid fermentation using penicillin-resistant lactobacilli. Furthermore, GB 649818 states that waste products of penicillin fermentation can be used, where solid fermentation residues are added to nutrients to obtain vitamin B12, for example.
and riboflavin. Also known is the production of feed additives obtained from penicillin fermentation, 083
No. 92864 uses mycelium waste from penicillin production,
1 piece under pressure for use as a feed additive 140-200
A method is disclosed consisting of heating to 0.degree. C. and then drying.

It is suitable for improving wastewater and slurry composting processes of various sources throughout the world and as a direct nutrient source for fungal mycelium. The bacterial biomass of this invention is obtained from liquid organic waste obtained from antibiotic fermentation processes. Liquid organic waste (hereinafter referred to as liquid phase)
means the liquid component of an antibiotic fermentation from which antibiotics are isolated and removed. The bacterial biomass of this invention is produced by subjecting a so-called liquid phase to additive fermentation. If desired, liquid organic wastes obtained from the various fermentation steps can be combined with the liquid phase before additional fermentation.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The use of penicillin fermentation waste to produce various products has been described in the literature. BE505453 discloses a method for the production of fertilizer, in which the waste of penicillin fermentation, which exhibits a strong fermentation activity towards cellulose, is used for the production of compost. DD 139083 discloses a method for producing a penicillin-free dry mycelium product which is practically used as a feed additive, fertilizer or composition for fermentation and fertilizer production. However, one problem with the use of wastewater is that the harmful substances removed from such wastewater are usually concentrated in a so-called slurry.

One way to handle this problem is DE261796
No. 4, in which the slurry is mixed with calcined lime, and this mixture can be used as a complete fertilizer.

It is also known to encapsulate bacteria to degrade wastewater products. JP-A-36-40886 discloses a method for producing organic fertilizers consisting of fermenting plant waste, untreated sewage cake and sawdust with aerobic bacteria.

The use of wastewater from biochemical and petroleum refining is described in JP-A-45-14091. here,
Photosynthetic bacteria used in fertilizers are cultured in a solution containing various organic salts, sodium salts of lower fatty acids, and wastewater from the above industries. Liquid organic wastes, such as slurry and compost waste from municipal wastewater treatment plants, are typically contaminated with heavy metals or other hazardous substances. In contrast, the bacterial biomass of the present invention is substantially free of heavy metals and other harmful substances since the materials used for additional fermentation are obtained from a sterilization process.

Preferably, only non-hazardous raw materials (eg soybean meal, various types of sugars, trace elements and vitamins) are used for the fermentation of active substances (eg antibiotics, proteases). As a result, the bacterial biomass produced from additive fermentation is also free of undesirable heavy metals or other harmful substances. An additional advantage of the bacterial biomass of this invention is that it has a high content of nutrients. The nutrient content is significantly higher than that of municipal slurry and compost waste.

(Summary of the invention) According to this invention, the bacterial biomass fertilizer of this invention
It has been found to be particularly suitable for fermentation in pine mushroom production. Bacterial biomass fertilizer or spare combos 1~
(Detailed Description of the Invention) The bacterial biomass fertilizer of this invention can further have a useful effect on the yield by adding polardehyde to the fertilizer. is obtained. Formaldehyde, when present in an effective amount, helps retard the release of nutrients contained in the fertilizer. Depending on the amount of bacterial biomass used per lu2, various concentrations of formaldehyde are effective on yield, but formaldehyde is present at about 0.2-0.8% by weight of the bacterial biomass for boat fishing. For large amounts of bacterial biomass, large amounts of pomaldehyde are required to retard the release of nutrients.

A preferred method of obtaining bacterial biomass for use in the fertilizer of this invention is as follows.

A typical antibiotic fermentation liquid consists of a solid component containing fungi and the like, and a liquid component containing the antibiotic.

The solid component can be separated from the liquid component by any conventional separation method, such as centrifugation. The antibiotic is isolated and collected from the liquid component by conventional methods, for example extraction with an organic solvent such as butyl acetate. In modern pine mushroom production, various products,
For example, soybean products, inorganic nitrogen sources, poultry fertilizers, cocoa bean products, lime, gypsum, etc. are used. The bacterial biomass of this invention can be prepared using various compost improvers or
It has been found to be particularly useful for composting processes, either with or without. The bacterial biomass of this invention can improve both compost quality and decomposition time as well as product quality and yield.

A “liquid phase” can be produced. As used herein, the term "liquid phase" refers to the liquid component from which substantially all of the antibiotic has been removed from the antibiotic fermentation broth. The liquid phase is neutralized by treatment with a suitable neutralizing agent, such as a hydroxide solution. If desired, the liquid phase can also be combined with the liquid organic waste and/or the waste obtained from different fermentation processes. Additional such liquid organic waste serves as additional nutrients and bacteria.

The liquid phase is then subjected to manual fermentation in a suitable vessel, such as a stirred fermentation vessel. During the fermentation process, the liquid phase is preferably maintained at or slightly above ambient temperature, for example from 25 to 35<0>C. Preferably, the temperature is kept constant at 30°C. Oxygen is added to the fermentation vessel by conventional methods such as introducing air. Air can be introduced at a predetermined rate depending on the specific liquid composition, but typically the rate is 5-10i3/1 hour of air per cubic meter of fermentation volume, more preferably about 7z3/1 Time/fermentation volume f
It is film3. Such air is both a source of oxygen and a major source of bacteria for the fermentation process. The bacterial population present in the fermentation vessel consumes the available nutrients and forms the bacterial biomass of this invention.

The bacterial population that is fermented can be varied according to the surrounding conditions - for boat fishing it is a mixed culture.

Populations often include Neudomonas nis bii (Ps.
eudomonas sp.), Baa 111us sp.) and/or commonly occurring aerobic bacteria.

After a holding time of 20-24 hours, add a precipitant such as PeClSO4 to about 5-10 Q of a 41% solution/1 kl of fermentation volume.
Achieve precipitation of the bacterial biomass by adding at a rate of i3. Separation is performed by any suitable separation technique such as decantation. Since the separated wet bacterial biomass typically contains about 85% residual water, additional transport to the dryer can be performed using a knock slurry pump. A granulating agent, for example about 1% animal fat or stearic acid, can be added using a rotor disc dryer.

Composition of Bacterial Biomass Fertilizer Bacterial biomass fertilizer has the following average composition (% by weight):

Dry matter Organic matter Nitrogen (organically bound) P,05 to O aO gO Copper Zinc Manganese Iron Lead Cadmium Chromium Cobalt Nickel 90-97% For example 950% At least 55.0% 4.9-61% For example 5. 5% 39-5% e.g. 40% 2.9-3.7% e.g. 3.3% 7-9% e.g. 8% 08-14% e.g. 1.1% 1 (1-13ppm e.g. llppm 30-40ppm e.g. 36ppm 72-80ppm e.g. 80ppm 5B-70ppm e.g. 64 fipIll<6p
pm e.g. < 4 ppm < 2 ppm e.g. < t ppm < L5ppm e.g. < 12 ppm < 6 ppm e.g. < 4 +1PIN< 6 ppm
m eg < 41) 11I11 This analysis showed that the content of useful components was sufficient. Deformation coefficient is 10
%, for most organic fertilizers the moisture content can be reduced to about 3-6% by a suitable dryer, such as a highly modified convertible dryer of the above products. The dried product of bacterial biomass is then subjected to thermal 13
Heat at 0-150°C for 4-8 hours.

The bacterial biomass is further processed in a pelletizer to obtain grindable granules.

Although the liquid phase obtained from any conventional antibiotic fermentation process can be used in this invention, the liquid phase from a penicillin fermentation process is preferred. Suitable liquid organic waste sources, optionally mixed with the liquid phase, are various antibiotic fermentations, such as cephalosporin and chloramphenicol fermentations, and protease and cyclosporine fermentations.

To achieve nutrient balance, magnesium potassium fertilizer is mixed into the bacterial biomass. The fertilizer of this invention is about 90~
Contains 96% bacterial biomass and about 4-10% magnesium potassium fertilizer, preferably about 94% bacterial biomass and 6% magnesium potassium fertilizer. Suitable magnesium potassium fertilizers include, for example, Patentkali,
Trademark name). Desired] 2. Examples can be expected.

(Example) Next, the present invention will be explained in more detail by giving examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

The following examples illustrate the use of bacterial biomass fertilizers of this invention.

Example 1 The bacterial biomass fertilizer described above was used as a supplementary nutrient for composting and improving the composting process in pine mushroom production. During pre-composting, 0,5-2.
Starting material: 0% by weight bacterial biomass fertilizer (Umakoyashi)
added to. Additionally, 0.5-2.0% bacterial biomass fertilizer was added directly to the composting stage. Good quality compost can be obtained with a yield of 15-20%.
(20-24 kg/z for 3 harvests, yield improved by 20-30%).

Example 2 During the composting or pre-composting of a so-called synthetic compost consisting of a straw substrate (eg hay),
By using bacterial biomass fertilizer, improved composting process (fast decomposition time), high yield (15-25
%), an improvement in the quality of the pine nuts and a faster start of harvest were achieved. The required amount of bacterial biomass used (J
, depending on the starting substrate, but based on wet compost, 2
~5%.

High yields were obtained by supplementing bacterial biomass during inoculation or spawning. Even if a small amount of bacterial biomass (e.g. 100-200 !7/x2) is added during the marjink', the pine columbium multiplies rapidly through the cover soil, thus leading to an early harvest and a high yield of as much as 25-30%. Yield (harvest 1-4)
was gotten. Quality has also been improved. The results are shown in Table 1 below.

Table 1 Yield: I Weight of fresh manokorum per m2 Ckq) Amount of C added bacterial biomass 1 per side'
65y) Test 56 60 68 73 76
B1 84'BBM-Bacterial Hiomas Fertilizer Oyster Pine Tree Room
Pleurotus-ost
reatus)] was cultured on a straw bed in a basement, and experiments were conducted. Straw beds were prepared by measuring approximately 9 in 30 and soaking in water for 48 hours in a plus deck sack, then drying in the basement, and then spraying with Pine Tree Room mycelium. One bale of straw bed was fertilized with bacterial biomass 409 and a control without additional nutrients was grown. First, sprinkle water on the straw bed with tap water at intervals of one week.
A rate of about 2.5 i2 per hel was used. Approximately 4kg
/m' weeks later, the interval was extended to 2 weeks. The results are shown in Table 2 below.

``Inferior Δ Weight of fresh mantuyulum harvest (9) 1988 7ri'
August 1988 September 1988 September 1988 October 1988
Whole volume loam compost was used as a control. The yield increase is shown below.

Cold ±Δ Yield/kg/m' (Fresh pine seed room weight) Harvest Control BBM * * l 4% 28% 4 * 2% BBM 905 1.480 1.3
85 0 1. [Apart from a yield improvement of 145536%, an earlier onset of crop formation (approximately 3 weeks) was also obtained. During the observation period, the total number of crops was doubled due to bacterial biomass. Similar to the pine seed room culture, the unfertilized control was eventually offset by partial yield losses, but the significant advantage of shortened culture appears to be maintained.

Various types of pine tree room [Agaricus (Agar)]
Bacterial biomass fertilizer was mixed at various concentrations to be used as a direct nutrient source during the inoculation of fungal mycelium in the production of A. icus). With a slight nitrogen content about 68
448] yield kg/m' (fresh weight of manosoylum) wet compost? Example 6 Various types of pine nuts [Agar
Bacterial biomass fertilizer was mixed with dry compost at a concentration of 1.4% for use as a direct nutrient source during mycelium inoculation of fungi (J. icus). During production, approximately 30 tons of 16 formulations were tested for composting.On average, a yield increase of 2.5 kg of pine wood per m2 was obtained, as shown in Table 4 below.

Appearance Δ Yield kg/m', (fresh pine mushroom weight) Harvest 1.4% bacterial biomass content 9 Control 2
8.00” 7.51”3 2
．． 67"2.2'8" total amount: 2
+, 32” 18.82”%
l 13.30 100.00*% of dry compost **Average of 8 samples Example 7 1.4 kg per 11 containing 0.2%, 0.5% and 0.8% formaldehyde Bacterial biomass fertilizer (-1.4% bacterial biomass for wet compost) and 2,8 kg of bacterial biomass fertilizer (-2 for wet compost) containing 02%, 05% and 08% formaldehyde. By adding .8% bacterial biomass), the results shown in Table 5 below were obtained.

After the third mixing, the compost mass was approximately 160 tons, still with a moisture content of approximately 72%. The compost mass was reduced to approximately 140 tons with a moisture content of 71% by pasteurization. Finally, at the time of mycelial inoculation, there was 120 tons of compost with a moisture content of approximately 68%. 1% mycelium was used for mycelial inoculation.

In Table 6, such as the opening of the cover soil and the cover by topsoil during the casing process and subsequent fruiting,
Additional steps may be indicated.

The success of the additional use of bacterial biomass fertilizer during three harvests is evident when comparing the annual average yield without the use of the bacterial biomass fertilizer supplement.

Quality has also improved, with first-class products increasing from 65% to 85%.

Example 9 In a separate device, the same amounts of compost and additives were used as in Example 8, but in the third mix, only bacterial biomass was mixed with 0.35% of wet compost, 0.7
% and 12% amounts were used.

Motoaki table yield kg/m' (fresh pine mushroom weight) Formaldehyde Control 02% 05% 08% BBMl, 4% 33.1 31.6 28,6 3
0.1BBM2.8% 36.8 38.5 33.4
34 4 Control ---22,0 Example 8 Continuous feed of stable fertilizer containing about 62% moisture 100
For each ton, 40 m3 of water was added and then 1200 g of bacterial biomass fertilizer (approximately 1% of the wet compost) was mixed for pre-composting.

This precompost was mixed twice and thus corresponds to 151 tons with a moisture content of 69%. After these composting additions, water + 7i' was again added and 9 in cocoa bean shells 1450 and 9 in soybean meal 580 were mixed.

In the first mix, 980 kg of ammonium sulfate (-1
Additively mixed compost with a moisture content of 72% l 701
-I got the answer. In the second mix, 2950 ky of lime was mixed to adjust the pH and the compost with a moisture content of about 73% was mixed with about 1 ky of lime.
Obtained 60 tons.

Also, improvements in yield and quality were obtained. Since statistical conditions cannot be formulated, only comparisons can be made with annual average production.

Table 6 Production Plan 5 for Examples 8 and 9 Mixed Pasteurization Inoculation Open Topsoil Covering Fruiting Harvest Stage 1st Flushing 2nd Flushing 37th Ratsung Mycelium Patent Applicant Biohemie Gesellschaft Mitsut Beschlenkter Haflang

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A production method characterized in that, in producing mushrooms, a fertilizer made of bacterial biomass is used as a supplementary nutrient. 2. Bacterial biomass is prepared by additionally fermenting the liquid phase obtained in the fermentation of antibiotics.
The manufacturing method according to claim 1. 3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the fertilizer contains formaldehyde in an amount effective to retard the release of the nutrients. 4. The fertilizer consists of 90-97% by dry weight, at least 55% by weight organic matter, 4.9-6.1% by weight organically bound nitrogen, 3.9-5% by weight P_2O_5, 2.9-5% by weight
Claims 1 to 3 containing 3.7% by weight K_2O, 7-9% by weight CaO and 0.8-1.4% by weight MgO.
The manufacturing method described in one of 3. 5. The method according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the fertilizer consists of a mixture of about 94% by weight of bacterial biomass and about 6% by weight of magnesia potassium fertilizer. 6. The production method according to one of claims 2 to 5, wherein the antibiotic is penicillin. 7. Pre-composting, composting and/or composting of fertilizers
Or the production method according to one of claims 1 to 6, which is used in seed inoculation. 8. A fertilizer consisting of bacterial biomass and magnesium potassium fertilizer and substantially free of heavy metals, wherein the bacterial biomass is prepared by additionally fermenting a liquid phase obtained in the fermentation of antibiotics. 9, consisting of 90-97% by dry weight, at least 55% by weight organic matter, 4.9-6.1% by weight organically bound nitrogen, 3.9-5% by weight P_2O_5, 2.9-3.7 wt% K_2O, 7-9 wt% CaO and 0.8-
Fertilizer according to claim 8, consisting of a mixture containing 1.4% by weight of MgO. 10. Bacterial biomass approximately 94% by weight and magnesium potassium fertilizer approximately 6%
Fertilizer according to claim 8 or 9, consisting of a mixture of % by weight. 11. Fertilizer according to one of claims 8 to 10, wherein the antibiotic is penicillin. 12. In producing bacterial biomass, the liquid phase obtained in the fermentation of antibiotics is treated with a neutralizing agent, and the obtained liquid phase is then subjected to additional fermentation to obtain the bacterial biomass. The manufacturing method. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising combining said liquid phase with organic wastes from various fermentation steps prior to said additional fermentation. 14. The method of claim 12 or 13, wherein the additional fermentation is carried out at about 30°C in the presence of oxygen. 15. Claims 12 to 14, wherein the antibiotic is penicillin.
Manufacturing method described.