JPH02149629A - Low thermal expansion aluminum alloy having excellent wear resistance and heat conductivity - Google Patents
Low thermal expansion aluminum alloy having excellent wear resistance and heat conductivityInfo
- Publication number
- JPH02149629A JPH02149629A JP30451388A JP30451388A JPH02149629A JP H02149629 A JPH02149629 A JP H02149629A JP 30451388 A JP30451388 A JP 30451388A JP 30451388 A JP30451388 A JP 30451388A JP H02149629 A JPH02149629 A JP H02149629A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- wear resistance
- thermal expansion
- alloy
- aluminum alloy
- excellent wear
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 abstract description 15
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910018125 Al-Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018520 Al—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001651 emery Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
産業上の利用分野
この発明は、例えばヒートローラ、その地熱膨張係数が
小さく耐摩耗性および熱伝導性の要求される自動車用部
品や各種機械部品等に使用される耐摩耗性及び熱伝導性
に優れた低熱膨張アルミニウム合金に関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of Industrial Application The present invention is applicable to heat rollers, heat rollers, etc., which have a small coefficient of geothermal expansion and are used in automobile parts and various mechanical parts that require wear resistance and thermal conductivity. This invention relates to a low thermal expansion aluminum alloy with excellent wear resistance and thermal conductivity.
従来の技術
従来、この種のアルミニウム合金としては、耐摩耗性を
向上させるための元素としてＳｉを添加したＡｌ−Ｓｉ
系アルミニウム合金が良く知られているところであり、
一般に多く用いられている。Conventional technology Conventionally, this type of aluminum alloy has been made of Al-Si to which Si is added as an element to improve wear resistance.
aluminum alloys are well known,
Commonly used.
発明が解決しようとする課題
ところが、耐摩耗性の向上のために、Ｓｉの添加量を増
加すると、耐摩耗性か向上し、熱膨張係数が低下する反
面、鋳造性、切削性および鍛造性が低下するという問題
があり、自ずからその添加量に制約を受けるものであっ
た。Problems to be Solved by the Invention However, when increasing the amount of Si added to improve wear resistance, the wear resistance improves and the coefficient of thermal expansion decreases, but the castability, machinability, and forgeability deteriorate. There is a problem that the amount of addition is naturally limited.
この発明はこのような事情に鑑み、耐摩耗性等の機械的
性質に優れ、かつ熱伝導性、熱膨張性、切削性等の物理
的性質に優れたアルミニウム合金を提供することを目的
としてなされたものである。In view of these circumstances, the present invention was made with the purpose of providing an aluminum alloy that has excellent mechanical properties such as wear resistance, and excellent physical properties such as thermal conductivity, thermal expansion, and machinability. It is something that
課題を解決するための手段
而して、この発明は鋭意研究の結果、Ｓｌによる硬質粒
子のほかに、Ａρ３Ｎｉ金属間化合物を分散させたもの
とし、同時にＣｕ及びＭｇを共存させることによって、
耐摩耗性及び熱膨張性の充分な改善をはかりつ＼、同時
に熱伝導性、鋳造性、切削性および鍛造性の改善をはか
りうることを見出し、か〜る知見に基づいて完成し得た
ものである。As a means to solve the problem, this invention was developed as a result of intensive research, and in addition to hard particles of Sl, Aρ3Ni intermetallic compound was dispersed, and at the same time Cu and Mg were made to coexist.
We have discovered that it is possible to sufficiently improve wear resistance and thermal expansion properties, and at the same time improve thermal conductivity, castability, machinability, and forgeability, and we have completed this product based on this knowledge. It is.
即ち、この発明の第１は、
Ｎｉ：２０〜３０％
Ｓｉ：０．１〜４％
Ｃｕ：２〜５％
Ｍｇ：０．３〜２％
を含有し、残部Ａρ及び不可避不純物からなる耐摩耗性
及び熱伝導性に優れた低熱膨張アルミニウム合金である
。That is, the first aspect of the present invention is a wear-resistant material containing Ni: 20 to 30%, Si: 0.1 to 4%, Cu: 2 to 5%, and Mg: 0.3 to 2%, with the remainder consisting of Aρ and inevitable impurities. It is a low thermal expansion aluminum alloy with excellent properties and thermal conductivity.
そして又、第２の発明は、上記第１発明の必須含有元素
５ｔＳＮｉ、ＣｕおよびＭｇのほかに、
Ｃｒ：０．０１〜１％
Ｍｎ ： ０． ０１〜１％
Ｚｒ：０． ０１〜０． ５％
Ｖ：０．０１〜０． １％
Ｔｉ：０．０１〜１％
Ｔｉ：０．０１〜５％
Ｚｎ：０．０１〜５％
のうちの１種または２種以上
を含有し、残部Ａｌ及び不可避不純物からなる耐摩耗性
及び熱伝導性に優れた低熱膨張アルミニウム合金である
。Furthermore, the second invention provides, in addition to the essential elements 5tSNi, Cu, and Mg of the first invention, Cr: 0.01-1% Mn: 0. 01-1% Zr: 0. 01~0. 5% V: 0.01-0. 1% Ti: 0.01 to 1% Ti: 0.01 to 5% Zn: 0.01 to 5% A low thermal expansion aluminum alloy with excellent thermal conductivity.
なお、この明細書において、「％」はいずれも「重量％
」を示すものである。In addition, in this specification, "%" refers to "% by weight".
”.
上記合金添加元素の意義とその含有量の限定理由は次の
とおりである。The significance of the above-mentioned alloy additive elements and the reason for limiting their content are as follows.
即ち、Ｎｉは、Ａρ３Ｎｉ金属間化合物を形成して合金
中に分散し、主として耐摩耗性の向上および熱膨張係数
の低下に寄与するものであり、その含有量が２０％未満
では上記効果に乏しく、３０％をこえて過多に含有する
と、粗大な金属間化合物を生成し、切削性を劣化する。That is, Ni forms an Aρ3Ni intermetallic compound and is dispersed in the alloy, which mainly contributes to improving wear resistance and lowering the coefficient of thermal expansion, and if its content is less than 20%, the above effects are poor. If the content exceeds 30%, coarse intermetallic compounds are formed and machinability is deteriorated.
特に好ましい含有量は、２２〜２５％程度である。A particularly preferable content is about 22 to 25%.
Ｓｔは耐摩耗性および強度を向上させると共に、熱膨張
係数を低下させるものであり、０゜１％未満では用途に
よっては充分な効果が得られず、４％を超えると切削性
、とくに切削工具寿命が劣化する。特に好ましい含有量
は、１゜５〜３％程度である。St improves wear resistance and strength, as well as lowers the coefficient of thermal expansion. If it is less than 0.1%, sufficient effects may not be obtained depending on the application, and if it exceeds 4%, it may affect machinability, especially cutting tools. Lifespan deteriorates. A particularly preferable content is about 1.5 to 3%.
Ｃｕ及びＭｇは、いずれも強度を高めるためのものであ
り、Ｃｕが２％未満、およびＭｇが０．３％未満ではこ
の効果が少なく、逆にＣｕが５％を超え、あるいはＭｇ
が２％を超える場合には、粗大な晶出物が生成し、かえ
って機械的性質が劣化する。特に好ましい含有量は、Ｃ
Ｕにおいて２．５〜４．５％、Ｍｇにおいて０゜５〜１
．５％程度である。Both Cu and Mg are used to increase strength, and if Cu is less than 2% and Mg is less than 0.3%, this effect will be small; on the other hand, if Cu is more than 5% or Mg
If it exceeds 2%, coarse crystallized substances will be formed, and the mechanical properties will deteriorate on the contrary. A particularly preferable content is C
2.5-4.5% in U, 0°5-1 in Mg
．． It is about 5%.
Ｃｒ、Ｍｎ、Ｚｒ、Ｖ、Ｔｉ、Ｚｎ、Ｆｅは、いずれも
合金の機械的性質の改善に効果を有するものであり、こ
の発明においてはこの添加効果の点で相互に均等物とし
て評価しうるちのである。いずれもその個々の含有量が
０．０１％より少ないときは、上記効果の実現に不十分
であり、逆に規定値をこえて過多に含有（Ｃｒ。Cr, Mn, Zr, V, Ti, Zn, and Fe all have the effect of improving the mechanical properties of the alloy, and in this invention, they can be evaluated as equivalent to each other in terms of the effect of addition. It's Chino. When the individual content of any of them is less than 0.01%, it is insufficient to realize the above effect, and conversely, the content exceeds the specified value and is excessively contained (Cr.
？、１ｎ、Ｔｉ ： １％超、Ｚｒ：０．５％超、■＝
０．１％超、Ｚｎ、Ｚｎ：５％超）しても、上記効果が
飽和し、他に格別有益な効果を奏しない。? , 1n, Ti: over 1%, Zr: over 0.5%, ■=
Even if the amount exceeds 0.1% (Zn, Zn: exceeds 5%), the above effects will be saturated and no other particularly beneficial effects will be produced.
ところで、本発明合金は加圧凝固法により好適に製造さ
れるものである。この加圧凝固法を説明すると次のとお
りである。即ち、本発明合金を溶解し、その溶湯を加圧
凝固用金型に注湯して加圧凝固せしめることにより、欠
陥のない結晶粒の均一かつ微細なビレットの作成を行う
ものである。加圧凝固用金型は、これに押出機のコンテ
ナを利用するものとしても良い。即ち、アルミニウム合
金溶湯を直接コンテナに注入し、ステムで加圧しつつ凝
固させるものとしても良い。もちろん、この場合、上記
コンテナの前面は盲ダイスを付設して塞ぎ、加圧凝固中
の溶湯の吹き出しを防ぐものとすることが必要である。Incidentally, the alloy of the present invention is suitably manufactured by a pressure solidification method. This pressure coagulation method will be explained as follows. That is, by melting the alloy of the present invention and pouring the molten metal into a pressure solidification mold and solidifying it under pressure, a billet with uniform and fine crystal grains without defects is created. The pressurized solidification mold may utilize a container of an extruder. That is, the molten aluminum alloy may be directly poured into the container and solidified while being pressurized by the stem. Of course, in this case, it is necessary to close the front surface of the container with a blind die to prevent the molten metal from blowing out during pressurized solidification.
また上記注湯に際しては前記金型を予め３００〜３５０
℃程度に加熱しておくものとすることが望ましい。これ
によりビレットに一層微細な組織を得ることを可能にす
る。即ち３００℃程度未満であると、注湯後前記アルミ
ニウムの凝固が直ぐに開始してしまい、加圧凝固による
効果が十分に達成され難い。一方、３５０℃を越える高
温に加熱しておくと、冷却速度が遅くなり、晶出物が成
長して上記微細化効果を十分に達成し難いものとなる傾
向がみられる。注湯後すぐさま前記金型内の溶湯を加圧
ピストンにより加圧し、凝固を進行せしめることによっ
てビレットを作成する。即ち加圧凝固法によってビレッ
トを作成する。この際の加圧力は５０ Ｋｇｆ／ｃｉ以
上であれば良く、望ましくは５００〜１ｏ００／（ｇｆ
／ｃｄ程度とするのが良い。この加圧力の大小はビレッ
トの品質にさして大きな影響を与えるものではない。し
かしながら、５０ＫｇＣ／ｃＩＡ未満では加圧凝固法に
よる鋳造割れ防止および結晶粒の微細化効果に不十分で
あり、反面例えば１５００８９ｆ／ａ！を超えるような
高圧を付加しても、それに要するエネルギーの増大に見
合う効果の比例的向上を見ることができないためむしろ
無益である。このように、所定の加圧状態下においてア
ルミニウム合金を凝固させることにより、鋳造割れを生
じさせることなく、かつ晶出物の小さなビレットを作成
し得る。In addition, when pouring the metal, prepare the mold with a diameter of 300 to 350.
It is desirable to heat it to about ℃. This makes it possible to obtain a finer texture in the billet. That is, if the temperature is less than about 300° C., solidification of the aluminum will start immediately after pouring, making it difficult to fully achieve the effect of pressure solidification. On the other hand, if it is heated to a high temperature exceeding 350° C., the cooling rate slows down, and crystallized substances tend to grow, making it difficult to sufficiently achieve the above-mentioned refinement effect. Immediately after pouring the molten metal, the molten metal in the mold is pressurized by a pressurizing piston to advance solidification, thereby creating a billet. That is, a billet is created by a pressure coagulation method. The pressing force at this time may be 50 Kgf/ci or more, preferably 500 to 1o00/(gf
It is preferable to set it to about /cd. The magnitude of this pressing force does not significantly affect the quality of the billet. However, if it is less than 50 KgC/cIA, the effect of preventing casting cracks and refining crystal grains by the pressure solidification method is insufficient; Even if a high pressure exceeding . In this manner, by solidifying the aluminum alloy under a predetermined pressurized state, a small billet of crystallized material can be created without causing casting cracks.
上記加圧凝固法により作成したビレットは、次にこれを
押出加工して所期するアルミニウム合金材とする。ここ
に、ビレットは一旦冷却された固相状態のものを用いて
も良いが、好ましくは前記加圧凝固の進行により、ビレ
ットの；８度が押出し加工に適する温度、例えば液相温
度の約１／２程度にまで低下し半溶融状態となった時点
で加圧凝固工程を終了し、すぐさまそのまま押出機のコ
ンテナに装填して押出しを開始するものとなすことが奨
励される。このような手順を採用することにより、押出
し加工に際してのビレットの加熱工程を省くことが可能
となり、その加熱に要するエネルギーおよび時間を節約
し、合金押出し材の製造能率の向上および製造コストの
低減の利益を享受しうる。The billet produced by the above pressure solidification method is then extruded to form the desired aluminum alloy material. Here, the billet may be used in a solid state that has been cooled once, but preferably, by the progress of the pressure solidification, the temperature of the billet is 8 degrees, which is suitable for extrusion processing, for example, about 1 degree of the liquid phase temperature. It is recommended that the pressurized solidification step be completed when the temperature has decreased to about 1/2 and reached a semi-molten state, and that the extruder be immediately loaded into the container of the extruder and extrusion started. By adopting such a procedure, it is possible to omit the billet heating step during extrusion processing, saving the energy and time required for heating, improving the manufacturing efficiency of alloy extrusions, and reducing manufacturing costs. can enjoy benefits.
発明の効果
この発明に係るアルミニウム合金は、下記の実施例の参
酌によって明らかなように、その合金組成の限定事項の
範囲からそのいずれか１以上が逸脱する比較合金に較べ
て、Ｓｉ含有量が制限されていることより切削性に優れ
ているのはもとより、耐摩耗性、熱伝導性および低熱膨
張性の点につき更に改善する効果を実現し得るものであ
る。Effects of the Invention As is clear from the following Examples, the aluminum alloy according to the present invention has a lower Si content than a comparative alloy in which one or more of the alloy compositions deviates from the range of the limitations of the alloy composition. Since it is limited, it not only has excellent machinability, but also has the effect of further improving wear resistance, thermal conductivity, and low thermal expansion.
実施例
第１表に示す本発明合金及び比較合金のそれぞれについ
て、その溶湯を液相温度＋１００℃に加熱した加圧凝固
用金型に注湯し、１０００に９ｆ／ｃｄの加圧下で凝固
させてビレットを作成し、このビレットを押出温度４９
０℃にて直径１２ＭＲの丸棒に押出加工し、４９０℃×
６時間の溶体化処理後水冷し、１８０℃×７時間の時効
処理を施したものを供試材とした。Examples For each of the present invention alloy and comparative alloy shown in Table 1, the molten metal was poured into a pressure solidification mold heated to the liquidus temperature + 100 ° C., and solidified under a pressure of 1000 to 9 f/cd. to create a billet, and extrude this billet at a temperature of 49
Extruded into a round bar with a diameter of 12MR at 0℃, and heated to 490℃
After solution treatment for 6 hours, the sample was cooled with water and subjected to aging treatment at 180° C. for 7 hours.
そして、この各供試材につき、耐摩耗性、熱伝導率及び
熱膨張係数を調べた。その結果を第２表に示す。The abrasion resistance, thermal conductivity, and coefficient of thermal expansion of each sample material were then examined. The results are shown in Table 2.
なお、耐摩耗性の試験は、回転円板による大越式摩耗試
験機を用いて、負荷荷重：２．ＩＪｇ、摩擦距離：６０
０ＴｒＬ、摩擦速度：３．６７ｒｒｔ／Ｓ１相手材：
ＦＣ−３０（Ｊ Ｉ Ｓ） 、試験而：エメリベーパー
１２００番仕上げ、の試験条件で摩擦した場合の供試材
の比摩耗量を測定することによって評価した。The abrasion resistance test was conducted using an Okoshi type abrasion tester using a rotating disk, and the applied load was 2. IJg, friction distance: 60
0TrL, friction speed: 3.67rrt/S1 mating material:
Evaluation was made by measuring the specific wear amount of the sample material when rubbed under the test conditions of FC-30 (JIS), test material: Emery Vapor No. 1200 finish.
上記第２表の結果に示されるように、本発明合金は、比
較合金に較べ、耐摩耗性を一段と向上しつ＼、熱伝導率
および熱膨張性のいずれも併せて改善しうるちのである
ことを確認し得た。As shown in the results in Table 2 above, the alloy of the present invention has further improved wear resistance, as well as improved thermal conductivity and thermal expansion, compared to the comparative alloy. I was able to confirm that.
以上that's all
Claims (2)
及び熱伝導性に優れた低熱膨張アルミニウム合金。(1) Contains Ni: 20 to 30% Si: 0.1 to 4% Cu: 2 to 5% Mg: 0.3 to 2%, with the remainder being Al and unavoidable impurities, which has good wear resistance and thermal conductivity. Superior low thermal expansion aluminum alloy.
及び熱伝導性に優れた低熱膨張アルミニウム合金。(2) Contains Ni: 20-30% Si: 0.1-4% Cu: 2-5% Mg: 0.3-2%, and Cr: 0.01-1% Mn: 0.01 -1% Zr: 0.01-0.5% V: 0.01-0.1% Ti: 0.01-1% Zn: 0.01-5% Fe: 0.01-5% A low thermal expansion aluminum alloy with excellent wear resistance and thermal conductivity, containing one or more of these, the remainder being Al and unavoidable impurities.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP30451388A JPH02149629A (en) | 1988-11-30 | 1988-11-30 | Low thermal expansion aluminum alloy having excellent wear resistance and heat conductivity |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP30451388A JPH02149629A (en) | 1988-11-30 | 1988-11-30 | Low thermal expansion aluminum alloy having excellent wear resistance and heat conductivity |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH02149629A true JPH02149629A (en) | 1990-06-08 |
Family
ID=17933939
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP30451388A Pending JPH02149629A (en) | 1988-11-30 | 1988-11-30 | Low thermal expansion aluminum alloy having excellent wear resistance and heat conductivity |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH02149629A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5374295A (en) * | 1992-03-04 | 1994-12-20 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Heat resistant aluminum alloy powder, heat resistant aluminum alloy and heat and wear resistant aluminum alloy-based composite material |
| US5464463A (en) * | 1992-04-16 | 1995-11-07 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Heat resistant aluminum alloy powder heat resistant aluminum alloy and heat and wear resistant aluminum alloy-based composite material |
| US5614036A (en) * | 1992-12-03 | 1997-03-25 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | High heat resisting and high abrasion resisting aluminum alloy |
-
1988
- 1988-11-30 JP JP30451388A patent/JPH02149629A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5374295A (en) * | 1992-03-04 | 1994-12-20 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Heat resistant aluminum alloy powder, heat resistant aluminum alloy and heat and wear resistant aluminum alloy-based composite material |
| US5464463A (en) * | 1992-04-16 | 1995-11-07 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Heat resistant aluminum alloy powder heat resistant aluminum alloy and heat and wear resistant aluminum alloy-based composite material |
| US5614036A (en) * | 1992-12-03 | 1997-03-25 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | High heat resisting and high abrasion resisting aluminum alloy |
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