JPH02140358A - Outer wall structure of construction - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To maintain the superior waterproofness for a long period by applying a surface plate onto the outside of a board fixed onto a backing member and pouring a caulking agent into a calking groove formed on the contiguous surfaces of the board. CONSTITUTION:A pillar as backing member 1 is installed onto the boundary of a board 2, i.e., at the edge of the board 2, and fixed onto the body of a structure, and the board 2 is fixed onto the backing member 1. In this case, the backing member 1 is formed to a thickness for fixing the board 2, and the board 2 is formed from a plate member which possesses the waterproofness and water-impermeability. Then, the board 2 is fixed onto the backing member 1, in the state where no gap is formed between the contiguous boards 2, and a calking groove 5 formed on the contiguous surfaces of the board 2 is charged with a calking agent 7, and the part between the contiguous boards 2 is applied with the waterproof treatment.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] [Industrial application field]

The present invention relates to an outer wall structure of a building. However, in this specification, the outer wall shall be interpreted in a particularly broad sense,
It is used in a wide sense to include not only the walls of buildings, but also roofs and floors.

[Conventional technology and its problems]

Conventional buildings are waterproofed using materials that are attached to the exterior surface. The outer surfaces of the walls are covered with boardboards and mortar, and the roof is covered with tiles to make it waterproof. If the waterproofness of the people board etc. is lost, rainwater will penetrate through the wall. The people board is directly exposed to rainwater and sunlight,
be placed under harsh conditions. It is extremely difficult to provide waterproofness for a long period of time to a viewing board that is exposed to severe external conditions. In recent years, an exterior wall material commonly known as ``sizing'' (registered trademark), which consists of two layers of metal plates with a heat insulator sandwiched between them, has been used in place of wooden panels. Depending on where it is used, this exterior wall material has superior weather resistance compared to wooden panels. However, in environments where metal plates are likely to corrode, for example,
If it is used in a place exposed to salty wind, it will corrode in a very short period of time and lose its waterproof properties. In conventional exterior wall structures, the exterior wall material that is placed closest to the outdoors is made waterproof to prevent rainwater from entering, so if the exterior wall material deforms or corrodes and loses its waterproofness, the wall will lose its waterproofness. rainwater enters the room. Therefore, in order to maintain the waterproofness of the exterior wall material, there is a drawback that maintenance such as relining or repainting the surface at regular intervals is time-consuming and costly. Furthermore, the external wall material applied to the wall is intended to provide waterproofness and aesthetics, and is not a structural material that provides strength. Therefore, relatively thin ones are used. Additionally, for the exterior wall materials, relatively narrow boards are used to give the building a beautiful appearance. The downside is that it takes time and effort to stretch narrow and thin boards in a way that prevents rainwater from penetrating. Additionally, the roof is covered with tiles and waterproofed. As long as the tiles can prevent rainwater from seeping into the room, rainwater will not seep into the room. However, since roof tiles are laid with some gaps, it is extremely difficult to prevent rainwater from blowing in during strong winds. Rainwater is blown upwards by strong winds,
It invades the back side through gaps in tiles. Asphalt felt is placed under the tiles to prevent rainwater from penetrating through the tiles. This asphalt felt has needle holes and cannot be completely waterproof because the connecting parts are overlapped and nailed to the roof board. Furthermore, asphalt felt is not permanent because it is exposed to the sun through tiles and exposed to wind and rain, and it deteriorates and loses its waterproof properties. For this reason, conventional roofs have the disadvantage of leaking if the tiles are not waterproof. Furthermore, the roof tiles cannot be left in the same position forever. Tiles have the disadvantage that their positions gradually shift as time passes. This is because the nails that hold the tiles in place corrode, and the red clay that holds the tiles in place is washed away. Furthermore, roof tiles have the disadvantage that they can crack if a large local load is applied to them. It may also be blown away by natural phenomena such as typhoons and tornadoes. When roof tiles are cracked or blown off, rainwater can enter the room. For this reason, roof tiles, like exterior wall materials, also need to be maintained at regular intervals. In addition, if rainwater permeates through the roof tiles, it will immediately cause a leak, so in order to prevent rainwater from leaking, it was necessary to constantly monitor the condition of the roof tiles and repair them. By the way, when rainwater permeates through roofs and walls, it causes significant damage to the interior of buildings. This is because rainwater leaves dirty stains on interior surfaces such as walls and ceilings. For this reason, −
When rainwater invades, it costs a lot of money not only to repair the walls and roof, but also to repair the interior (1,!).

[Object of this invention] This invention was developed with the aim of solving these conventional drawbacks, and an important purpose of this invention is to create a building that can maintain excellent waterproof properties for a long period of time. It provides the outer wall structure. Another important object of the present invention is to provide exterior walls of buildings that are easy to construct and easy to maintain, since exterior wall materials and roof tiles placed outdoors do not necessarily require complete waterproofing. It provides structure. Furthermore, an important object of the present invention is to provide an exterior wall structure for a building in which the waterproofing of boards for achieving a waterproof structure can be easily and reliably performed. [Means for Solving the Conventional Problems] The outer wall structure of a building according to the present invention, which achieves the above object, has the following configuration. (a) Comprising a rod-shaped base material 1 fixed to the building frame at regular intervals, a board 2 fixed to the outdoor side of the base material 1, and a surface board 3 covering the outdoor side of the board 2. There is. (b) The board 2 is a board material that is water resistant but not water permeable in order to have a waterproof structure. (c) A plurality of boards 2 are stretched adjacent to each other without any gaps. (d) The board 2 is provided with a caulking groove 5 along the adjacent surface that is in close contact with the adjacent board 2 so that the adjacent portion can be reliably waterproofed. (e) The caulking groove 5 is placed on the board 2 with the adjacent surface of the board 2 in contact with a plane perpendicular to the surface of the board 2.
It has a shape that opens on either side. (f)
Furthermore, the caulking groove 5 is formed in such a shape that the opening portion to be opened is narrow and the depth is widened, with the adjacent surface in contact with a plane orthogonal to the surface of the board 20. (g) Caulking agent 7 is filled in the caulking grooves 5 of the boards 2 that are stretched without any gaps between them.

[effect]

The outer wall structure of a building according to the present invention is shown in FIG. 1 showing a preferred embodiment thereof.
A surface board 3 is placed on the outdoor side of the building. A caulking groove 5 is provided on the adjacent surface of the board 2. Caulk groove 5
The back is wide and the opening is narrow. A caulking agent 7 is injected into this caulking groove 5, and the two are connected in a waterproof structure. The exterior wall structure of a building with this structure is waterproofed with boards 2 connected in a unique manner instead of conventional exterior wall materials. The board 2 is covered with a surface board 3 and hidden inside the exterior wall, unlike the conventional exterior wall material that is placed outdoors. The board 2 stretched inside is not directly exposed to rainwater or sunlight, and can achieve excellent waterproofness over a long period of time. The board 2 protected by the surface plate 3 does not lose its excellent waterproof properties for a long time inside the outer wall. Moreover, the outer wall structure of the building of this invention has an inner board 2
Since it is waterproof, even if rainwater enters through the surface plate 3, it will not penetrate through the walls or roof. For this reason, external wall materials, roof tiles, etc. are not necessarily required to be completely waterproof, and the construction of these materials can be significantly simplified. Furthermore, even if rainwater passes through the exterior wall materials and roof tiles, it does not penetrate into the room, so maintenance of these materials can be significantly simplified. Furthermore, in addition to this, even if the surface board 3 leaks, the rainwater will not stain the interior of the room, and the repair cost of the entire building can be significantly reduced. Furthermore, a noteworthy feature of the present invention is that the gaps between the boards 2 can be waterproofed simply and easily, and moreover, reliably. This feature is achieved by a uniquely shaped caulking groove 5 provided on the adjacent surface of the board 2. That is, since the caulking groove 5 is made wide at the back and narrow at the opening, the caulking agent 7 filled therein is
The permeation distance of rainwater is extended, and the adhesion with the caulking groove 5 is improved to effectively prevent the permeation of rainwater. As shown by the arrow in FIG. 2, rainwater passes between the inner surface of the caulking groove 5 and the caulking agent 7 and permeates into the indoor side. The rainwater that migrates along this route passes through a vertically reciprocating route in a vertically widened portion provided at the back of the caulking groove 5, and permeates into the interior of the room. In other words, the wide area at the back creates a long path that goes back and forth up and down, making it possible to lengthen the path for rainwater to permeate. Furthermore, the caulking groove 5, which is widened at the back, has the advantage that the caulking agent 7 can be press-fitted into the caulking groove 5 without any gaps, and can be tightly attached without any gaps. Because the opening of the caulking groove 5 is narrowly patterned, the caulking agent 7 blown out from the nozzle
This is because, after being filled deep into the caulking groove 5, it leaks out from the opening. The caulking agent 7, which is press-fitted into the widening part at the back of the caulking groove 5 while the opening is narrowed, adheres closely to the inner surface of the caulking groove 5 and very effectively prevents rainwater from entering.

[Preferred embodiment]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below based on the drawings. However, the embodiments shown below are illustrative of the outer wall structure for embodying the technical idea of the present invention, and the outer wall structure of the present invention has the material, shape, structure, and arrangement of the component parts as shown below. It is not structure specific. The outer wall structure of this invention is
Various changes may be made within the scope of the claims. Further, in this specification, numbers corresponding to the members shown in the embodiments are added to the members shown in the claims so that the claims are easy to understand. However, the members described in the claims are by no means limited to the members shown in the examples. The outer wall structure of a building according to the present invention can be used for a wall structure, a roof structure, and a floor structure. The outer wall structure of the building shown in FIG. 1 shows the wall structure. The exterior wall structure of this building consists of a rod-shaped base material 1 fixed to the building frame at regular intervals, a board 2 fixed to the outdoor side of this base material 1, and a board 2 stretched on the outdoor side of the board 2. It consists of a surface plate 3. In the case of a wall structure, columns are used as the base material l. Figure 1 shows the walls of a building constructed using the two-by-four construction method. In this structure, as shown in FIG. 1, columns are used as the base material l. For example, the length of the pillar is about 900 m.
They are fixed to the building frame at intervals of 450mm or half of that. The pillars that are the base material 1 are provided at the boundaries of the boards 2, that is, at the ends of the boards 2. The base material 1 is fixed to the building frame. A board 2 is fixed to this base material 1. In the case of the two-by-four method,
The pillars, which are the base material 1, are fixed to the board 2 before being fixed to the frame. A column, which is a base material 1 to which a board 2 is fixed, is fixed to the frame of a building. Therefore, even if the base material 1, which is a pillar, and the board 2 are fixed to the frame in the same manner, the order in which the pillars and the board 2 are fixed is different from the normal construction method. In the usual construction method, after the pillars are fixed to the frame, the board 2 is fixed to the pillars. The base material 1 is determined to have a thickness that allows the board 2 to be fixed. The base material 1 shown in FIG. 1 is, for example, 50 to 200 mm square,
Preferably, the thickness is 75 to 150 mm square. This invention does not specify that the base material l of the wall is a wooden column. Any rod-shaped material to which the board 2 can be fixed, such as a lightweight steel frame, can be used as the base material 1. For the board 2, any board material that is water resistant but not water permeable can be used. This board material is made of plywood, wood made by bonding wood with a synthetic resin binder and formed into a board shape, or inorganic material bonded with a binder into a board shape without any gaps, and is currently not available on the market. Alternatively, all exterior wall materials that are water resistant and non-permeable can be used. The board 2 has a thickness of 5 mm or more, preferably 7 mm or more so that the caulking groove 5 can be provided on the adjacent surface of the outer periphery.
Use 30mm board 2. Board 2 is base material 1
It is usually about 90cm long so that it can be stretched efficiently.
Those with a width of 180 to 270 cm are used. The board 2 is fixed to the base material 1 with no gap formed between adjacent boards 2. The board 2 is waterproofed between adjacent boards 2 while being fixed to the base material 1. Therefore, caulking grooves 5 are provided on the adjacent surface of the board 2. The caulking groove 5 can be filled with caulking agent 7,
Further, it is formed so that the filled caulking agent 7 can be brought into close contact with the caulking groove 5. That is, the caulking groove 5 is opened on either side of the board 2 with the adjacent surface of the board 2 in contact with a plane orthogonal to the surface of the board 2 in order to fill the caulking agent 7 here. It has a shape. In addition, in order for the filled caulking agent 7 to adhere tightly, the caulking groove 5 is shaped so that when it is in contact with a plane perpendicular to the surface of the board 2, the mouth part to be opened is narrowly carved and the depth is widened. It is made. The specific shape of the caulking groove 5 is shown in FIGS. 2 to 5. The caulking groove 5 shown in FIG. 2 has an opening that widens in a tapered shape, and is made wider at the back. This caulking groove 5 has a feature that a nozzle for filling the caulking agent 7 can be easily guided into the caulking groove 5. The caulking groove 5 shown in FIG. 3 has a tapered shape that is wide at the back and narrow at the opening. Further, the caulking groove 5 shown in FIG. 4 has a slit shape with a narrow opening and a wider width at the back. Furthermore, the caulking groove 5 shown in FIG. 5 is provided with a wide groove inside, and injection ports 12 for the caulking agent 7 are opened at regular intervals. Caulk groove 5 of this shape
With the two boards 2 in contact, most of the caulking grooves 5 are closed. A nozzle is inserted into the injection port 12 to fill the caulking groove 5 with the caulking agent 7. Since the caulking agent 7 filled in this state does not leak to the outside, it can most effectively adhere to the inner surface of the caulking groove 5. After the caulking groove 5 is filled with the caulking agent 7, as shown in FIG.
You can also paste 1 to block this area. This structure is
The surface of the board 2 can be finished into a beautiful flat surface. The caulking agent 7 filled in the caulking groove 5 can be any material that can be filled in the caulking groove 5 and is waterproof. For example, a compound of bossulfide rubber and a lead peroxide curing agent, a viscous paste of natural products such as oakum, or a synthetic resin that foams and hardens in the caulking groove 5 when the nozzle blows out. Can be used. On the surface of the board 2, there is a surface board 3 for people viewing boards, sizing, etc.
is stretched. Any material that can cover the surface of the board 2 can be used as the surface plate 3. Instead of a plate-like surface plate 3, a weather-resistant coating film such as epoxy resin,
Alternatively, mortar etc. can also be used. On the indoor side of the base material l, a board material 8 for interior decoration is pasted, as shown in FIG. Between the interior plate material 8 and the board 2,
Heat insulation material 9 is installed to insulate the wall. Since this wall reliably prevents rainwater from entering with the board 2, it is possible to prevent the heat insulating material 9 from absorbing water and deteriorating its heat insulating properties. Glass wool is often used for the heat insulating material 9. This is because it is inexpensive and has excellent heat insulation properties. When glass wool absorbs water, its insulation properties are significantly reduced. In addition, absorbed water does not dry easily. The external wall structure of the building of the present invention uses glass wool which is inexpensive and has excellent properties, so that the board 2 completely prevents rainwater from penetrating, thereby ensuring that the insulation properties are not lost over a long period of time. Wood chips can be filled between the base material 1 and the interior board material 8. Wood chips absorb moisture when the humidity is high and release moisture when dry. In particular, chips made by cutting wood into small pieces have a large surface area, so they have the advantage of being able to absorb and release moisture efficiently. Furthermore, since a large amount of wood chips can be filled into the panel, the amount of moisture absorbed by the wood chips and the amount of moisture released can be increased. When the panel filled with wood chips is provided with a ventilation hole through the interior board material 8 and connected to the interior of the room through this ventilation hole,
Wood chips regulate indoor humidity. When constructing a wall or floor by connecting a plurality of surface boards 3 and interior board materials 8, through holes are provided in the base material 1 to connect the wood chip storage chambers of each panel. If air is forcibly blown into the wood chip storage chamber of each panel and forced to circulate indoors, the efficiency of controlling the humidity of wood chips will be further improved. Forced ventilation fans, etc. should be installed so that they do not interfere with the building.
Install it in the ceiling, etc. The ventilation duct of the fan is connected to the wood chip storage chamber of the panel. Some of the air forced by the fan is blown into the room, and the wood chips adjust the humidity. Additionally, if you use fragrant wood chips such as Japanese cypress, you can not only control humidity but also add a pleasant scent to the room. The outer wall structure of a building according to the present invention can also be used for a roof. FIG. 6 shows an embodiment of the roof. In the roof shown in this figure, rafters are used as the base material 1. Moreover, the board 2 is also used as a roofing board. The board 2 used for the wall is the board 2 that will become the field board.
You can use the same as . Further, the outer shape of the board 2 and the shape of the caulking groove 5 provided on the adjacent surface can be the same as that of the wall. However, in the case of a roof, tiles are used for the surface plate 3, unlike walls. The tiles are fixed and roofed on the board 2. Asphalt felt lO is not necessarily used between the tiles and the board 2.
There is no need to lay it out. However, if the asphalt felt 10 is laid here, a portion of the rainwater that has passed through the roof tiles will be blocked here, which has the advantage of further improving the weather resistance of the board 2.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a wall showing an embodiment of the present invention, FIGS. 2 to 5 are sectional views showing a board connecting part, and FIG. 6 is a sectional view of a roof according to an embodiment of the invention. be. l... Base material, 2... Board, 3... Surface plate, 5... Caulking groove, 7... Caulking agent, 8・・・・・・
・Plate material, 9... Insulation material, 10... Asphalt felt, 11...
...Tape, ]2...Inlet. Diagram Diagram Pit

Claims (1)

[Claims] An exterior wall structure of a building having the following configuration. (a) Comprising a rod-shaped base material 1 fixed to the building frame at regular intervals, a board 2 fixed to the outdoor side of the base material 1, and a surface board 3 that covers the outdoor side of the board 2. There is. (b) The board 2 is a plate material that is water resistant but has no water permeability. (c) A plurality of boards 2 are stretched adjacent to each other without gaps. (d) The boards 2 are provided with caulking grooves 5 along adjacent surfaces that are in contact with adjacent boards 2 without gaps. (e) The caulking groove 5 has a shape that opens on either side of the board 2 with the adjacent surface of the board 2 in contact with a plane orthogonal to the surface of the board 2. (f) Further, the caulking groove 5 is formed so that the adjacent surface is in contact with a plane orthogonal to the surface of the board 2, and the opening part is narrowed and the depth is widened. (g) Caulking agent 7 is filled in the caulking grooves 5 of the boards 2 that are stretched without any gaps between them.