JPH02140360A - Outer wall structure of construction - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To realize the superior waterproofness of a board for a long period by covering the board by an outer surface plate and concealing the inside of an outer wall. CONSTITUTION:A pillar as backing member 1 is installed at the boundary of a board 2, i.e., at the edge of the board 2, and fixed onto the body of a structure, and the board 2 is fixed onto the backing member 1. In this case, the backing member 1 is formed to a thickness for fixing the board 2, and the board 2 is formed from a plate member which possesses the waterproofness and water-impermeability. Then, the board 2 is fixed onto the backing member 1, in the state where no gap is formed between the contiguous boards 2, and a calking groove 5 formed on the contiguous surface of the boards 2 is charged with the calking agent 7, and the part between the contiguous boards 2 is applied with the waterproof treatment.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] [Industrial application field]

The present invention relates to an outer wall structure of a building. However, in this ms, outer wall shall be interpreted in a particularly broad sense,
It is used to refer not only to the walls of a building, but also to the roof and floor.

[Conventional technology and its problems]

Conventional buildings are waterproofed using materials that are attached to the exterior surface. The walls are covered with panels or covered with mortar on the outside, and the roof is covered with tiles to make it waterproof. If the waterproofness of the people board etc. is lost, rainwater will penetrate through the wall. The people board is directly exposed to rainwater and sunlight,
be placed under harsh conditions. It is extremely difficult to provide waterproofness for a long period of time to a viewing board that is exposed to severe external conditions. In recent years, an exterior wall material commonly known as ``sizing'' (registered trademark), which consists of two layers of metal plates with a heat insulator sandwiched between them, has been used in place of wooden panels. Depending on where it is used, this exterior wall material has superior weather resistance compared to wooden panels. However, in environments where metal plates are likely to corrode, for example,
If it is used in a place exposed to salty wind, it will corrode in a very short period of time and lose its waterproof properties. In conventional exterior wall structures, the exterior wall material that is placed closest to the outdoors is made waterproof to prevent rainwater from entering, so if the exterior wall material deforms or corrodes and loses its waterproofness, the wall will lose its waterproofness. rainwater enters the room. Therefore, in order to maintain the waterproofness of the exterior wall material, there is a drawback that maintenance such as relining or repainting the surface at regular intervals is time-consuming and costly. Furthermore, the external wall material applied to the wall is intended to provide waterproofness and aesthetics, and is not a structural material that provides strength. Therefore, relatively thin ones are used. Additionally, for the exterior wall materials, relatively narrow boards are used to give the building a beautiful appearance. The downside is that it takes time and effort to stretch narrow and thin boards in a way that prevents rainwater from penetrating. Additionally, the roof is covered with tiles and waterproofed. As long as the tiles can prevent rainwater from seeping into the room, rainwater will not seep into the room. However, since roof tiles are laid with some gaps, it is extremely difficult to prevent rainwater from blowing in during strong winds. Rainwater is blown upwards by strong winds,
It invades the back side through the gaps in the tiles. Asphalt felt is placed under the tiles to prevent rainwater from penetrating through the tiles. This asphalt felt has needle holes and cannot be completely waterproof because the connecting parts are overlapped and nailed to the roof board. Furthermore, asphalt felt is not permanent because it is exposed to the sun through tiles and exposed to wind and rain, and it deteriorates and loses its waterproof properties. For this reason, conventional roofs have the disadvantage of leaking if the tiles are not waterproof. Furthermore, the roof tiles cannot be left in the same position forever. Tiles have the disadvantage that their positions gradually shift as time passes. This is due to the corrosion of the nails that hold the tiles in place, and the washing away of the red clay that holds the tiles in place. Furthermore, roof tiles have the disadvantage that they can crack if a large local load is applied to them. It may also be blown away by natural phenomena such as typhoons and tornadoes. When roof tiles are cracked or blown off, rainwater can enter the room. For this reason, roof tiles, like exterior wall materials, also need to be maintained at regular intervals. In addition, if rainwater permeates through the roof tiles, it will immediately cause a leak, so in order to prevent rainwater from leaking, it was necessary to constantly monitor the condition of the roof tiles and repair them. By the way, when rainwater permeates through roofs and walls, it causes significant damage to the interior of buildings. This is because rainwater leaves dirty stains on interior surfaces such as walls and ceilings. For this reason, −
When rainwater enters a building, it costs a lot of money to repair the interior, in addition to repairing the walls and roof.

[Object of this invention]

This invention was developed with the aim of solving these conventional drawbacks, and an important purpose of this invention is to provide an exterior wall structure for buildings that can maintain excellent waterproof properties for a long period of time. It is. Another important object of this invention is to provide external wall materials and roof tiles for buildings that are not necessarily completely waterproof, and can be easily constructed and maintained. It is there to provide structure. Furthermore, an important object of the present invention is to provide an exterior wall structure for a building in which waterproofing of boards for achieving a waterproof structure can be easily and reliably performed.

[Means to solve conventional problems]

The outer wall structure of a building according to the present invention, which achieves the above object, has the following configuration. (a) A rod-shaped base material 1 fixed to the building frame at regular intervals, a board 2 fixed to the outdoor side of the base material 1, a surface board 3 that covers the outdoor side of the board 2, and a board 2 and an adjacent surface closing member 4 for positioning and connecting the two. (b) The board 2 is a board material that is water resistant but not water permeable in order to have a waterproof structure. (c) A plurality of boards 2 are stretched adjacent to each other without any gaps. (d) The board 2 is provided with a caulking groove 5 along the adjacent surface that is in contact with the adjacent board 2 without a gap so that the space between the adjacent boards 2 can be reliably waterproofed. (e) The caulking groove 5 is inserted into the board 2 with the adjacent surface of the board 2 in contact with a plane perpendicular to the surface of the board 20.
It has a shape that opens on either side. (f) The proximal surface closing material 4 is a hard plate material. (g) The adjacent surface closing material 4 has a T-shaped cross-sectional shape, and has a fixed portion 4A sandwiched between the base material 1 and the board 2, and a fixed portion 4A sandwiched between the adjacent board 2. It consists of a spacer part 4B that is attached. (h) The width of the spacer portion 4B is made narrower than the thickness of the board 2 so that it does not protrude from the surface of the board 2. (i) The board 2 is fixed to the base material 1 with the proximal surface closing material 4 sandwiched therebetween. (j) The spacer portion 4B of the adjacent surface closing material 4 is fixed to the adjacent surface of the adjacent board 2 by being sandwiched therebetween. (k) At least a portion of the spacer portion 4B of the adjacent surface closing material 4 is placed in the caulking groove 5 so that the caulking agent 7 can be filled between the spacer portion 4B of the adjacent surface closing material 4 and the adjacent surface of the board 2. To position. (l) The caulking groove 5 is filled with a caulking agent 7, and this caulking agent 7 also enters between the adjacent surface of the board 2 and the spacer portion 4B.

[effect]

The outer wall structure of a building according to the present invention is shown in FIG. 1 showing a preferred embodiment thereof.
A surface board 3 is placed on the outdoor side of the building. The boat 2 is provided with a caulking groove 5 on the adjacent surface. An adjacent surface closing member 4 is fixed to the adjacent surface of the board 2 to connect the boards 2. The exterior wall structure of a building with this structure is waterproofed with boards 2 that are connected in a unique manner instead of conventional exterior wall materials. The board 2 is covered with a surface board 3 and hidden inside the outer wall, unlike a conventional exterior wall material placed outdoors. The board 2 stretched inside is not directly exposed to rainwater or sunlight, and can achieve excellent waterproofness over a long period of time. The board 2 protected by the surface plate 3 does not lose its long-standing waterproof property inside the outer wall. Further, since the outer wall structure of the building according to the present invention is waterproofed by internal boards, even if rainwater enters through the surface board, the rainwater will not permeate through the walls or roof. For this reason, external wall materials, roof tiles, etc. are not necessarily required to be completely waterproof, and the construction of these materials can be significantly simplified. Furthermore, even if rainwater passes through the exterior wall materials and roof tiles, it does not penetrate into the room, so maintenance of these materials can be significantly simplified. Furthermore, in addition to this, even if the surface board leaks, the rainwater will not stain the interior of the room.
It also has the advantage of significantly reducing repair costs for the entire building. Furthermore, a noteworthy feature of the present invention is that the gaps between the boards can be simply and easily waterproofed, and moreover, reliably. This feature is achieved by the unique shape of the adjacent surfaces of the board. That is, the proximal surface occluder 4 is fixed to the board along the proximal surface. The proximal surface occlusion material 4 is
It is located between the board 2 and the base material 1 and is fixed so as to close the back side of the adjacent surface of the board. Therefore, board 2
In addition to being waterproofed by the caulking groove 5 and the caulking agent 7, the adjacent surface is further reliably waterproofed by the adjacent surface closing material 4 that closes the back surface. Furthermore, the proximal surface closing material 4 has the feature that it can be fixed along the proximal surface without shifting, and can reliably waterproof the proximal surface. This feature is realized by the fact that the overall shape of the proximal surface closing material 4 is T-shaped and includes the spacer portion 4B. That is,
The spacer portion 4B is fixed between adjacent surfaces of the board 2. When the spacer portion 4B is sandwiched between the adjacent surfaces, the fixing portion 4A of the adjacent surface closing material 4 is fixed at a position that accurately closes the back surface of the adjacent surface.

[Preferred embodiment]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below based on the drawings. However, the embodiments shown below are illustrative of the outer wall structure for embodying the technical idea of the present invention, and the outer wall structure of the present invention has the material, shape, structure, and arrangement of the component parts as shown below. It is not structure specific. The outer wall structure of this invention is
Various changes may be made within the scope of the claims. Further, in this specification, numbers corresponding to the members shown in the embodiments are added to the members shown in the claims so that the claims are easy to understand. However, the members described in the claims are by no means limited to the members shown in the examples. The outer wall structure of a building according to the present invention can be used for a wall structure and a roof structure. The outer wall structure of the building shown in FIG. 1 shows the wall structure. The exterior wall structure of this building consists of a rod-shaped base material 1 fixed to the building frame at regular intervals, a board 2 fixed to the outdoor side of the base material 1, and a board 2 stretched on the outdoor side of the board 2. It consists of a surface plate 3 and an adjacent surface closing member 4 located on the adjacent surface of the board 2. When the outer wall structure is a wall structure, columns are used as the base material 1. Figure 1 shows the walls of a building constructed using the two-by-four construction method. In this structure, as shown in FIG. 1, columns are used as the base material 1. The pillar is, for example, about 900 mm, or half of that, 45 mm.
It is fixed to the building body at 0 mm intervals. The pillars, which are the base material l, are provided at the boundaries of the boards 2, that is, at the ends of the boards 2. The base material 1 is fixed to the building frame. A board 2 is fixed to a base material 1. In the case of two-by-four construction method, base material 1
The pillars are fixed to the board 2 before being fixed to the frame. A base material 1 to which a board 2 is fixed is fixed to a building frame. Therefore, even if the base material 1, which is a pillar, and the board 2 are fixed to the building frame in the same manner, the order in which the pillars and the board 2 are fixed is different from the normal wooden construction method. In the usual construction method, after the pillars are fixed to the frame, the board 2 is fixed to the pillars. The base material 1 is determined to have a thickness that allows the board 2 to be fixed. The base material 1 shown in FIG. 1 is, for example, 50 to 200 mm square,
Preferably, it is 75 to 150 mm square. This invention does not specify that the wall base material 1 is a wooden column. Any rod-shaped material to which the board 2 can be fixed, such as a lightweight steel frame, can be used as the base material 1. For the board 2, any board material that is water resistant but not water permeable can be used. These board materials include plywood, wood formed into a board shape by closely bonding wood with a synthetic resin binder, or inorganic material bound into a board shape with a binder, and are currently commercially available. Alternatively, all exterior wall materials that are water resistant and non-permeable can be used. The board 2 has a thickness of 5 mm or more, preferably 7 mm or more so that the caulking groove 5 can be provided on the adjacent surface of the outer periphery.
Use board 2 of 30 meters. The board 2 is usually about 90 cm
A rectangular one with a length of 180 to 270 cm is used. The board 2 is fixed to the base material 1 with no gap formed between adjacent boards 2. The board 2 is waterproofed between adjacent boards 2 while being fixed to the base material l. Therefore, caulking grooves 5 are provided on the adjacent surface of the board 2. The caulking groove 5 is filled with a caulking agent 7. The caulking groove 5 is formed in a shape that allows the filled caulking agent 7 to be brought into close contact with the inner surface. That is, in order to fill the caulking groove 5 with the caulking agent 7,
It has a shape that opens on either side of the board 2 with the adjacent side of the boat 2 in contact with a plane perpendicular to the surface of the boat 2. Preferably, the caulking groove 5 has a shape in which the mouth part to be opened is narrowed and the depth is widened when the caulking groove 5 is in contact with a plane orthogonal to the surface of the board 2 so that the filled caulking agent 7 can be in close contact with the caulking agent 7. It is made in The specific shape of the caulking groove 5 is shown in FIGS. 2 to 6. In the board 2 shown in FIG. 2, the opening of the caulking groove 5 is tapered and widened at the back. Since the caulking groove 5 widens in a tapered shape at the opening, it has the advantage that the nozzle for filling the caulking agent 7 can be easily guided into the caulking groove 5. The board 2 shown in FIG. 3 has a caulking groove 5 which is tapered so as to be wide at the back and narrow at the opening. Further, the board 2 shown in FIG. 4 has a caulking groove 5 with a narrow slit-shaped opening and a wide inner part. Furthermore, the board 2 shown in FIG.
It has a caulking groove 5 which is opened. Most parts of the caulking groove 5 having this shape are closed when the two boards 2 are in contact with each other. Inlet 1
2, and fill the caulking groove 5 with the caulking agent 7. Since the caulking agent 7 filled in this state does not leak to the outside, it can most effectively adhere to the inner surface of the caulking groove 5. However, the board 2 having this structure is made so that the opening of the caulking groove 5 is closed while sandwiching the spacer portion 4B of the adjacent surface closing member 4. If the spacer portion 4B is thick, the abutting surface of the spacer portion 4B is shaved off to correspond to the thickness of the spacer portion 4B. Furthermore, the boat 2 shown in FIG. 6 has an opening that widens in a tapered shape, and is made narrower at the back. The proximal surface closing material 4 is fixed in a state of closing the back surface of the proximal surface of the board 2 . The proximal surface closure material 4 has a T-shaped cross-section. In the proximal surface closing member 4 having this shape, a spacer portion 4B is provided at right angles to the flat fixing portion 4A. The fixing part 4A is sandwiched between the board 2 and the base material 1, and the spacer part 4B is sandwiched and fixed between the adjacent surfaces of the board 2. The proximal surface closing member 4 is made integrally as a whole by a method such as pultrusion molding of metal, hard synthetic resin, or the like. The thickness of the spacer part 4B and the fixing part 4A is 0.2 to 5 mrn.
is adjusted to the range of The proximal surface occlusion material 4 is fixed in the state shown in FIG. If the fixing portion 4A of the adjacent surface closing material 4 sandwiched between the board 2 and the base material 1 in this state is thin, the board 2 can be fixed in contact with the entire surface of the base material 1. However, if the fixed portion 4A is thick, a gap is created between the base material 1 and the board 2 by the thickness of the fixed portion 4A. Therefore, if the fixing part 4A is thick, a groove into which the fixing part 4A can be fitted is provided on the back surface of the board 2, as shown in FIG. However, if the width of the fixing portion 4A is wide enough to approximate the width of the base material 1, the back surface of the board 2 can be fixed in contact with the base material 1 without any gaps. The width of the fixing part 4A is usually such that it can block the connecting part of the board 2 and prevent rainwater from entering, for example, 10 to 100 m.
m, preferably adjusted to 15 to 50 mm. Although the spacer portion 4B is sandwiched between adjacent surfaces, it is made narrower than the thickness of the board 2 so that it does not protrude onto the surface of the board 2. As shown in FIG. 2, the spacer portion 4B preferably has a width such that its leading edge reaches the caulking groove 5. However, as shown in FIG. 3, a spacer portion 4B whose leading edge does not reach the caulking groove 5 can also be used. The spacer portion 4B that does not reach the caulking groove 5 is
A gap equal to the thickness of the spacer portion 4B is created on the adjacent surface of the board 2, and the caulking agent 7 filled in the caulking groove 5 enters between the board 2 and the board 2 through this gap. The board 2 shown in FIGS. 2 to 6 has a structure in which the caulking agent 7 injected into the caulking groove 5 is transferred between the board 2 and the adjacent surface closing material 4.
It can also be injected between. The caulking agent 7 injected between the board 2 and the adjacent surface closing material 4 closes the gap between the board 2 and the adjacent surface closing material 4, and can most effectively prevent rainwater from passing therethrough. After the caulking groove 5 is filled with the caulking agent 7, as shown in FIG.
You can also paste 1 to block this area. This structure is
The surface of the board 2 can be finished into a beautiful flat surface. The caulking agent 7 filled in the caulking groove 5 can be any material that can be filled in the caulking groove 5 and is waterproof. For example, a compound of bossulfide rubber and a lead peroxide curing agent, a viscous paste of natural products such as oakum, or a synthetic resin that foams and hardens in the caulking groove 5 when the 7 nozzles blow out. can be used. On the surface of the board 2, there is a surface board 3 for people viewing boards, sizing, etc.
is stretched. Any material that can cover the surface of the board 2 can be used as the surface plate 3. Instead of a plate-like surface plate 3, a weather-resistant coating film such as epoxy resin,
Alternatively, mortar etc. can also be used. As shown in Figure 1, on the indoor side of the pillar that is the base material 1,
A board material 8 for the interior is pasted. A heat insulating material 9 is inserted between the interior plate material 8 and the board 2 to insulate the wall. Since this wall reliably prevents rainwater from entering with the board 2, the insulation material 9 is prevented from absorbing water and deteriorating its insulation properties. Glass wool is often used for the heat insulating material 9. This is because it is inexpensive and has excellent heat insulation properties. When glass wool absorbs water, its insulation properties are significantly reduced. In addition, absorbed water is difficult to dry. The external wall structure of the building of the present invention uses glass wool which is inexpensive and has excellent properties, so that the board 2 completely prevents rainwater from penetrating, thereby ensuring that the insulation properties are not lost over a long period of time. Wood chips can be filled between the base material 1 and the interior board material 8. Wood chips absorb moisture when the humidity is high and release moisture when dry. In particular, chips made by cutting wood into small pieces have a large surface area, so they have the advantage of being able to absorb and release moisture efficiently. Furthermore, since multiple wood chips can be filled into the panel, the amount of moisture absorbed by the wood chips and the amount of moisture released can be increased. The panel filled with wood chips is provided with ventilation holes through the interior board material 8, and when connected indoors through these j11 pores, the wood chips adjust the indoor humidity. When constructing a wall or floor by connecting a plurality of surface boards 3 and interior board materials 8, through holes are provided in the base material 1 to connect the wood chip storage chambers of each panel. If air is forcibly blown into the wood chip storage chamber of each panel and forced to circulate indoors, the efficiency of controlling the humidity of wood chips will be further improved. Forced ventilation fans, etc. should be installed so that they do not interfere with the building.
Install it in the ceiling, etc. The ventilation duct of the fan is connected to the wood chip storage chamber of the panel. Some of the air forced by the fan is blown into the room, and the wood chips adjust the humidity. Additionally, if you use fragrant wood chips such as Japanese cypress, you can not only control humidity but also add a pleasant scent to the room. The outer wall structure of a building according to the present invention can also be used for a roof. FIG. 7 shows an embodiment of the roof. In the roof shown in this figure, rafters are used as the base material 1. Moreover, the board 2 is also used as a roofing board. The board 2 used for the wall is the board 2 that will become the field board.
You can use the same as . In addition, the outer shape of the board 2, the caulking groove 5 provided on the adjacent surface, and the adjacent surface closing material 4
The same shape as the wall can be used. However, in the case of a roof, tiles are used for the surface plate 3, unlike walls. The tiles are fixed and roofed on the board 2. Asphalt felt 10 is not necessarily used to separate the tiles and board 2.
There is no need to lay it out. However, if the asphalt felt 10 is laid here, a portion of the rainwater that has passed through the roof tiles will be blocked here, which has the advantage of further improving the weather resistance of the boat 2.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a wall showing an embodiment of the present invention, FIGS. 2 to 6 are cross-sectional views showing the connecting portion of the board 2, and FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a roof according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is. ■・・・Front material, 2・・・Board, 3・・・Surface plate, 4・・・・・・
Adjacent surface closing material, 5...caulking groove, 7.
...Caulking agent, 8...Plate material,
9...Insulating material, 10...Asphalt felt, 11...Tape, 1
2...Injection hole. '-(,hieni fig. fig. fig.

Claims (1)

[Claims] An exterior wall structure of a building having the following configuration. (a) A rod-shaped base material 1 fixed to the building frame at regular intervals, a board 2 fixed to the outdoor side of the base material 1, a surface board 3 covering the outdoor side of the board 2, and a board 2 and an adjacent surface closing material 4 fixed to the adjacent surface of the. (b) The board 2 is a plate material that is water resistant but has no water permeability. (c) A plurality of boards 2 are stretched adjacent to each other without gaps. (d) The boards 2 are provided with caulking grooves 5 along adjacent surfaces that are in contact with adjacent boards 2 without gaps. (e) The caulking groove 5 has a shape that opens on one surface of the board 2 with the adjacent surface of the board 2 in contact with a plane perpendicular to the surface of one board 2. (f) The proximal surface closing material 4 is a hard plate material. (g) The adjacent surface closing material 4 has a T-shaped cross-sectional shape, and has a fixed portion 4A sandwiched between the base material 1 and the board 2, and a fixed portion 4A sandwiched between the adjacent board 2. It consists of a spacer part 4B that is attached. (h) The width of the spacer portion 4B is made narrower than the thickness of the board 2. (i) The board 2 is sandwiched between the adjacent surface occluding material 4 and the base material 1.
is fixed. (j) The spacer portion 4B of the adjacent surface blocking material 4 is fixed to the adjacent surface of the adjacent board 2 by being sandwiched therebetween. (k) At least a portion of the spacer portion 4B of the adjacent surface closing material 4 is located in the caulking groove 5. (l) The caulking groove 5 is filled with a caulking agent 7, and this caulking agent 7 also penetrates between the adjacent surface of the board 2 and the spacer portion 4B.