JPH0151199B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a musical notation device for processing a musical piece by voice or keyboard performance into a musical score, and in particular to a musical notation device that can artificially allocate a reference tempo clock necessary for quantizing note lengths. The invention relates to a musical score transcription device.

When attempting to transcribe a piece of music played on a keyboard into a musical score using a computer, the input information requires pitch and length information, and quantization of note length requires the tempo of the song performance. A basic time length (for example, ♪=1 second) is required to be determined.

Conventionally, as a means for specifying note lengths during such score transcription operations, an external oscillator, ie, a rhythm box, is provided, and note lengths are assigned based on the tempo clock that will be generated. However, in this case, when a performer is playing a piece of music that he or she already knows or has written on a musical score, he or she can easily perform it in accordance with the tempo clock generated from the rhythm box. However, when composing music, it is extremely difficult to play or sing along with a rhythm given unilaterally. In this way, when transcribing a melody while playing or singing, it is difficult to use the transcribing device and forcing the user to follow a unilaterally given tempo clock regardless of the user's will makes it difficult to use the transcribing device. In addition to not being able to transcribe the music, it also had the drawback of not being able to write the music that the composer intended.

The present invention solves the above-mentioned conventional problems, and is configured so that the tempo speed can be specified arbitrarily according to the will of the operator, thereby making it possible to accurately transcribe the melody as intended by the operator. It is an object of the present invention to provide a score transcription device that is easy to operate.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an example of the scoring method according to the present invention, in which numeral 1 indicates a keyboard device constituting an input means for pitch selection, and the keyboard device 1 outputs pitch data corresponding to each key operation. D and a request signal RQ1 (including key-on and key-off signals) corresponding to the operating state of the keys are sent out, and among these, pitch data D is sent to the central processing unit 3 (hereinafter referred to as CPU) via the data bus 2. At the same time, an interrupt command for the data acquisition is issued by applying a request signal RQ1 from the keyboard device 1 to the CPU 3. In addition, the CPU 3 and random access memory (hereinafter referred to as RAM)
) 4 and a read-only memory (hereinafter referred to as ROM) 5 are connected via a data bus 2, and the RAM 4 stores pitch data and note/rest length data processed by the CPU 3. The ROM 5 stores program instructions necessary for the CPU 3 to perform score transcription processing.

Reference numeral 6 denotes a counter for taking note/rest length data and the basic time length that determines the tempo of the performance.This counter 6 is operated to count up by a clock φ from a clock generating means (not shown). The counter 6 is connected to a latch circuit 7 that latches the counted contents, and a request signal RQ is connected to the latch circuit 7.
When 1 or RQ2 is added, the count contents of the counter 6 are latched, and the latched count data is taken into the CPU 3 via the data bus 2.

The request signal RQ2 is sent from the timing control circuit 8, and this request signal
RQ2 and the request signal RQ1 from the keyboard device 1 are applied as a latch signal to the latch circuit 7 via the OR gate 9, and further sent to the timing control circuit 8 for arbitrarily specifying the tempo that is the basis of the note length. A switching means, for example a photo switch 10, is connected. This foot switch 10 can be turned on by composers etc. according to their desired tempo.
- It consists of an on/off switch that can be turned off. For example, by tapping the foot switch 10 with the tip of your foot at an arbitrary time interval, you can turn it on and off. The timing control circuit 8 controls the rise of the on signal of the foot switch 10. is detected, and a request signal RQ2 and a clear signal CL shown in FIG. 3 are generated.

Further, the speed at which the tempo is ticked is not constant like a tempo clock generated from a general rhythm box, etc., but can be set arbitrarily to be slow or fast according to the will of the operator.

Figure 3 a shows the ON-OFF of the foot switch 10.
This figure shows an example of the timing output waveform of the operation. The time interval from the rise of the first ON signal to the next rise is one tempo, and this tempo can be changed depending on the time interval of tapping with the toe of the foot. Also, at the time of the rise of the ON signal due to the operation of the foot switch 10, the timing control circuit 8
A request signal RQ2 shown in FIG. 3B is sent out, and a clear signal CL shown in FIG. 3C is sent out to the counter 6 a little later than this.

Next, the score recording operation of the present invention configured as described above will be explained with reference to FIGS. 2a and 2b.

When an idea melody or a known piece of music is to be transcribed by keyboard operation, the foot switch 10 is turned on and off with the foot and the keys of the keyboard device 1 are operated while keeping the tempo. If we assume that the tempo, for example, each bar corresponds to the ON-OFF period of the foot switch 10 shown in FIG.
When RQ2 is generated and applied to the latch circuit 7 via the OR gate 9, the count contents of the counter 6 are counted corresponding to the time interval from the sending of the clear signal CL to the rise of the next ON signal. is latched in the latch circuit 7 as reference tempo length data, and at the same time, the time data for one tempo latched in the latch circuit 7 is
Import into CPU3. After a slight delay, when the clear signal CL is sent from the timing control circuit 8, the counter 6 is cleared and the counter 6 starts counting again from 0 by the clock φ.

In this state, when a desired piece of music is played by a keyboard operation, a request signal RQ1 is generated from the keyboard device 1 for each key operation, requesting data transfer, and this request signal RQ1 is used as an interrupt signal and is added to the INT1 terminal of the CPU 3. is applied to latch 7 via OR gate 9. When an interrupt command is added to INT1, the CPU
3 executes the processing shown in FIG. 2a in accordance with program instructions stored in the ROM 5. That is, INT1
By adding an interrupt command to the CPU 3, the key data (pitch data) associated with the key operation is taken into the CPU 3 via the data bus 2 in step S, and written into the RAM 4 by addressing. Then, in the next step S2, when the request signal RQ1 is applied to the latch circuit 7 via the OR gate 9, the count contents of the counter 6, which has been counting since the input of the clear signal CL, are taken into the latch circuit 7. The value latched by the latch circuit 7 is taken into one of the predetermined memory areas of the RAM 4 via the CPU 3 as note/rest length data. At this time, the counter 6 continues to increment while the clear signal is inputted by the next on/off operation of the foot switch 10. Thereafter, the process moves to step S3, and the pointer in the RAM 4 is updated for the note/rest length data to be imported next.

Below, the request signal is sent by key operation on keyboard device 1.
Every time RQ1 is applied to the CPU 3 as an interrupt command, steps S1 to S3 shown in FIG.
The count values taken out from the CPU 3 are sequentially taken in as note/rest length data and stored in the memory.

Note that changing the tempo is possible using foot switch 1.
The purpose is to change the time interval at which 0 is turned ON and OFF, and accordingly, the count value counted by the counter 6 during this one tempo period changes, and the reference tempo length data also changes. For example, one measure
If the ON-OFF time interval of foot switch 10 is set to 256 tempo clocks, counter 6
, 256 cranks φ are counted, and this becomes the standard tempo length data, and this number 256 is calculated in the up count direction in the order of key on operations between 0 and 256 depending on the key on operation interval in one measure. The assigned count value becomes note/rest length data.

Also, request signal RQ2 is INT2 of CPU3
The quantization process of the tone length data shown in the flowchart of FIG.
It is executed by a program read from .

In other words, a request signal is sent to the INT2 terminal of CPU3.
When RQ2 is added, first, in step S4,
The pointer of the memory area in the RAM 4 into which the note/rest length data was written in the data import flow is returned to the initial value. That is, the first address of the memory area is specified. Then, the process moves to the next step S5, and the count contents of the counter 6 (count value corresponding to one tempo interval) T are taken into the CPU 3.
Thereafter, the tone _length to of all the note data captured within a bar (within one tempo interval) is normalized by T. This process is carried out in steps S6 to S8. In step S6, the note/rest length data imported in the data import flow while pointing to the memory area of RAM 4 is read from its first address, and the read note data is t _o /T is calculated between the tone length t _o and T (t _o ←t _o /T), and the calculation result is taken in and stored again at the first address. Next, in step S7, the pointer is updated to designate the address next to the first address, and the process proceeds to step S8, where it is determined whether reading of the data read into the memory area of the RAM 4 has been completed. If the judgment result is NO, proceed to step S6 and perform t _o ←t _o /
Perform T processing. The processing of steps S6 to S8 is continued until the memory area reaches the final address by updating the pointer.

If the judgment result in step S8 is YES, the process moves to step S9, where the pointer is initialized and the note length is quantized based on the data in the memory area rewritten in the _to /T process. . That is, in step S10, data _to and to _-1 at adjacent addresses in the memory area are read out, and
Find t _o −t _o-1 and quantize it. For example, t _o =
0.85, t _o-1 = 0.61, then t _o −t _o-1 = 0.24, and if the song should be transcribed in time signature, ♪ would be assigned to it. The tone length data quantized in this manner is stored together with the pitch data in another memory area within the RAM 4 as regular musical tone data.

Further, such quantization processing is sequentially repeated according to the number of data taken into the memory area (the number of key data taken in one tempo interval) as the pointer is updated in step S12, and then When it is determined in S13 that the quantization assignment of note lengths for all data has been completed, the process proceeds to step S14.
, the data in the memory area in the RAM 4 used to take in the counted value data from the counter 6 is cleared, and the quantization job of the data taken in during one tempo interval is completed.

Thereafter, key data taken in by key operations on the keyboard device 1 is processed by the processing programs shown in FIG. The song will be transcribed as a musical score.

In the above embodiment, the foot switch 10 is operated in units of one measure, but it may also be operated in units of one beat. In this case, a beat counter is provided internally so that the process shown in FIG. 2b is executed during strong beats, and no process is required for other times. Depending on the beat of the song, the counter value may be referenced to determine whether the beat is strong. In addition, the input device for music is not limited to a keyboard device as in the embodiment, but for example, a device that extracts the pitch of musical tones such as voice and quantizes it into each pitch is provided. It can also be used in place of a keyboard.

In addition, the musical score data stored in RAM 4 can be output to a display device such as a CRT or a printer for visual display as a musical score as needed, and can also be used for automatic performance by supplying it to a tone generator. . It is also possible to change and modify musical score data using instructions from the keyboard.

As described above, according to the method of the present invention, note lengths are quantized using the tempo recorded by a human as the time standard, so it is possible to perform music according to a tempo unilaterally given by a machine when transcribing music. The music transcription system can be transcribed at the user's preferred tempo without having to do so, making the transcription system extremely easy to use. Furthermore, when performing, such as when composing music, humans usually do not play at a constant tempo from beginning to end, but rather change the tempo considerably in order to express various expressions. This has the effect of making it possible to accurately transcribe music.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an example of the scoring system according to the present invention, FIGS. 2a and 2b are flowcharts of the scoring processing system according to the present invention, and FIG. 3 is a time chart of the foot switch and timing control circuit. 1...Keyboard device (input means), 2...Data bus, 3...CPU,...RAM, 5...ROM, 6
... Counter, 7 ... Latch circuit, 8 ... Timing control circuit, 9 ... OR gate, 10 ... Foot switch (tempo switch means).

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. An input means for selecting a pitch such as a keyboard, a counter for counting beat clocks, a means for transmitting a signal according to the tempo interval marked by a human, and a request signal is transmitted every time a signal from this means is input. and a timing control circuit that sends out a counter clear signal after sending out the request signal, and a request signal from the timing control circuit that latches the count contents of the counter as reference tempo data and sends out from the pitch selection input means. A latch circuit that latches the counted contents of the counter as note/rest length data for each request signal, and an input for selecting the pitch using tempo data taken in from the latch circuit in response to a request signal from the timing control circuit as a time reference. A musical score transcription device comprising: arithmetic processing means for quantizing note/rest length data taken in from the latch circuit into note/rest lengths for each request signal from the means.