JPH0145710B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0145710B2 JPH0145710B2 JP55063735A JP6373580A JPH0145710B2 JP H0145710 B2 JPH0145710 B2 JP H0145710B2 JP 55063735 A JP55063735 A JP 55063735A JP 6373580 A JP6373580 A JP 6373580A JP H0145710 B2 JPH0145710 B2 JP H0145710B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- lattice
- lead
- expanded
- ribs
- lattice body
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000978 Pb alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 101100334009 Caenorhabditis elegans rib-2 gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000005069 ears Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 12
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
- H01M4/72—Grids
- H01M4/74—Meshes or woven material; Expanded metal
- H01M4/745—Expanded metal
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Cell Electrode Carriers And Collectors (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
産業上の利用分野
本発明は鉛または鉛合金製のシート材料を用い
た鉛蓄電池用エキスパンド格子体に関するもので
ある。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of Industrial Application The present invention relates to an expanded grid for lead-acid batteries using a sheet material made of lead or a lead alloy.
従来技術とその問題点
一般に鉛蓄電池用極板に用いられる格子体は、
鉛または鉛合金からなる集電耳を有する親骨と格
子部とから構成されている。この種の格子体の多
くは鋳造により製造される。また最近ではあらか
じめ圧延などにより得られた鉛または鉛合金製の
シート材料を、打抜き加工またはエキスパンド加
工することにより製造することも行なわれてい
る。Conventional technology and its problems Generally, the lattice body used for the electrode plates of lead-acid batteries is
It is composed of a rib having current collecting ears made of lead or a lead alloy, and a lattice part. Most of these types of grid bodies are manufactured by casting. Recently, lead or lead alloy sheet materials that have been previously obtained by rolling or the like are also manufactured by punching or expanding.
このうち鋳造による製造では暑い環境の中で熟
練した作業を必要とし、その生産性も悪く、しか
も鉛蓄電池の高性能化に必要な薄形のものの製造
が極めて困難である。また打抜き加工による製造
はシート材料の打抜き屑が大量に生じ、その回収
と再生に多大の労力と経費を要し、該シート材料
の損失を招くという欠点がある。 Among these, production by casting requires skilled work in a hot environment, has poor productivity, and is extremely difficult to produce the thin shapes necessary for improving the performance of lead-acid batteries. In addition, manufacturing by punching produces a large amount of punching waste from the sheet material, which requires a great deal of effort and expense to recover and recycle, resulting in loss of the sheet material.
一方、エキスパンド加工による製造としては、
少なくとも上部親骨となる部分を残して、ギロチ
ン剪断法によつてシート材料を剪断すると同時に
拡張を行い網状格子部を形成する方法や、ロータ
リイカツターなどにてシート材料に千鳥状の切目
を形成し、こののち拡張を行つて網状格子部を形
成する方法などがあるが、いずれの方法において
も屑をほとんど生じることがなく、材料の歩止ま
り率が大であり、かつ薄形化および軽量化が可能
であるという大きな利点を有している。 On the other hand, as for manufacturing by expanding processing,
A method is to shear the sheet material using a guillotine shearing method, leaving at least the part that will become the upper rib, and at the same time expand it to form a mesh lattice part, or to form staggered cuts in the sheet material using a rotary cutter or the like. There are methods in which a net-like lattice is formed by expanding the lattice after this, but either method produces almost no waste, has a high material yield rate, and is thinner and lighter. It has the great advantage of being possible.
ところで従来、エキスパンド加工による格子体
をより一層軽量化しようとした場合には、格子目
を大きくするかまたはシート材料の板厚を薄くす
る方法がとられて来た。しかしこの格子目をより
大きくした場合には、集電効率の低下および活物
質の脱落などによる電池性能の低下に結びつくと
云う欠点を有していた。またシート材料の板厚を
より薄くした場合には上部親骨や集電耳の断面積
が減少し高率放電時の電圧特性が悪化するのみな
らず、生産工程中における格子体および極板の取
り扱いが難しくなり、また耳部が薄いためストラ
ツプの形成が難しくなるなど、電池としての生産
能率を低下させると云う欠点をも有していた。 Conventionally, when attempting to further reduce the weight of a lattice body by expanding it, methods have been used to increase the size of the lattice openings or to reduce the thickness of the sheet material. However, when the grid size is made larger, it has the disadvantage that it leads to a decrease in battery performance due to a decrease in current collection efficiency and drop-off of the active material. Furthermore, if the thickness of the sheet material is made thinner, the cross-sectional area of the upper rib and collector ears will decrease, which will not only deteriorate the voltage characteristics during high-rate discharge, but also cause the handling of the grid and electrode plates during the production process. Moreover, since the ear portions are thin, it is difficult to form a strap, which reduces production efficiency as a battery.
発明の目的
本発明は上記従来の問題点に鑑みなされたもの
であり、格子体として鉛蓄電池におよぼす性能や
その生産能率を損うことなく、軽量でしかも安価
な鉛蓄電池用エキスパンド格子体を提供すること
を目的とするものである。Purpose of the Invention The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned conventional problems, and provides an expanded lattice body for lead-acid batteries that is lightweight and inexpensive without impairing the performance of the lattice body or its production efficiency. The purpose is to
発明の構成
本発明は鉛または鉛合金製のシート材料からな
る鉛蓄電池用エキスパンド格子体であつて、
該格子体は、集電耳１を有する上部親骨２がエ
キスパンド加工により形成された網状格子部４の
上部に、下部親骨３が該網状格子部４の下部に、
一体形成されたものであり、
網状格子部は、上部の格子骨５の切幅が、シー
ト材料の板厚ｔとほぼ等しく、下部の格子骨５の
切幅が、板厚ｔよりも狭く形成されている
ことを特徴とする鉛蓄電池用エキスパンド格子体
である。Structure of the Invention The present invention is an expanded lattice body for a lead-acid battery made of a sheet material made of lead or a lead alloy, and the lattice body has a mesh-like lattice part formed by expanding an upper rib 2 having current collecting ears 1. 4, a lower rib 3 is attached to the lower part of the mesh lattice part 4,
The mesh lattice part is formed in such a way that the cut width of the upper lattice ribs 5 is approximately equal to the plate thickness t of the sheet material, and the cut width of the lower lattice ribs 5 is narrower than the plate thickness t. This is an expanded lattice body for lead-acid batteries characterized by:
実施例 以下、図面を用いて詳細に説明する。Example Hereinafter, it will be explained in detail using the drawings.
第１図は従来のエキスパンド加工による格子体
の平面図、第２図は第１図のＡ−Ａ線断面図、第
３図は第１図のＢ部拡大図、第４図は第２図のＣ
部拡大図である。また第５図は本発明による格子
体の一実施例を示す平面図、第６図は第５図のＤ
−Ｄ線断面図、第７図は第５図のＥ部拡大図、第
８図は第６図のＦ部拡大図である。更に第９図は
本発明による格子体の他の一実施例を示す断面拡
大図で、網状格子部を厚み調整用ローラーなどに
て押圧したものである。 Figure 1 is a plan view of a lattice body produced by conventional expanded processing, Figure 2 is a sectional view taken along line A-A in Figure 1, Figure 3 is an enlarged view of section B in Figure 1, and Figure 4 is Figure 2. C of
It is an enlarged view of the part. Further, FIG. 5 is a plan view showing an embodiment of the lattice body according to the present invention, and FIG.
7 is an enlarged view of section E in FIG. 5, and FIG. 8 is an enlarged view of section F in FIG. 6. Furthermore, FIG. 9 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of the lattice body according to the present invention, in which the mesh lattice portion is pressed by a thickness adjusting roller or the like.
これらの図面において１は集電耳、２は上部親
骨、３は下部親骨、４は網状格子部をそれぞれ示
す。また５は格子骨、６は格子接合節、７は格子
目を示している。更に図面においてｔはエキスパ
ンド加工に供されるシート材料の板厚、すなわち
上部親骨２や下部親骨３の厚みを、Ｔは格子体の
最大厚みを、またＬは格子体の幅を、Ｈは格子体
の高さをそれぞれ示している。こゝで、上部の格
子骨とは、上部親骨の下にある上から数段を言
い、下部の格子骨とは、下部親骨の上にある残り
を言う。 In these drawings, 1 indicates a current collecting ear, 2 indicates an upper rib, 3 indicates a lower rib, and 4 indicates a mesh lattice portion. Further, 5 indicates the lattice bones, 6 indicates the lattice joints, and 7 indicates the lattice eyes. Furthermore, in the drawings, t is the thickness of the sheet material to be expanded, that is, the thickness of the upper rib 2 and the lower rib 3, T is the maximum thickness of the lattice, L is the width of the lattice, and H is the lattice. Each shows the height of the body. Here, the upper lattice bone refers to the top few steps below the upper rib, and the lower lattice bone refers to the rest above the lower rib.
通常エキスパンド加工による格子体の製造に使
用されるシート材料はｔ＝1.0〜1.5mm程度のもの
が多く、例えば第１図〜第４図に示すごとくｔ＝
1.2mmのシート材料を用い、Ｌ＝100mm、Ｈ＝95mm
の格子体をその格子骨の切輻Ｗを1.4mmにて製造
すると、その格子体の重量は約35gになる。この
値は鋳造により製造される格子体の重量に近い。 Usually, the sheet materials used to manufacture lattice bodies by expanding processing have t = 1.0 to 1.5 mm. For example, as shown in Figs. 1 to 4, t =
Using 1.2mm sheet material, L=100mm, H=95mm
When manufacturing a lattice body with a cutting radius W of the lattice bones of 1.4 mm, the weight of the lattice body will be approximately 35 g. This value is close to the weight of the grid produced by casting.
また薄い、例えばｔ＝0.9mmのシート材料を使
い、格子骨の切幅を1.1mmとしてエキスパンド加
工した第１図〜第４図に示すごとき大きさと同一
の大きさの格子体の重量を算出すると約23gとな
り、約2/3の重量に軽量化できる。だがこの場合
には前記したごとく高率放電時の電圧特性の悪化
などの欠点を有するのみならず鉛蓄電池としての
生産能率をも低下させると云う欠点を有してい
る。 In addition, if we calculate the weight of a lattice body of the same size as shown in Figures 1 to 4, which is made from a thin sheet material, for example, t = 0.9 mm, and expanded with the cutting width of the lattice bones being 1.1 mm. It weighs approximately 23g, reducing the weight to approximately 2/3. However, in this case, as described above, not only does it have drawbacks such as deterioration of voltage characteristics during high rate discharge, but it also has the drawback of reducing production efficiency as a lead-acid battery.
これに対し本発明による格子体は、例えば第５
図〜第８図に示すごとくｔ＝1.1mmのシート材料
を用い、Ｌ＝100mm、Ｈ＝95mmの格子体を、その
格子骨の切幅を上部親骨２に隣接する格子骨５の
切幅W1で1.1mm、該格子骨５に続く５段の格子骨
５の切幅W2〜6で0.95mm、これに続いて下部親骨
に至る格子骨５の切幅W7〜16で0.80mm、下部親骨
３の切幅Wkで1.1mmとして製造すると、その重量
は約24gになる。該格子体は第１図〜第４図に示
すごとき従来の格子体と比較して格子目７は小さ
く、しかもその重量はｔ＝0.9mm、Ｗ＝1.1mmにて
製造したものとほゞ等しい。 On the other hand, the lattice body according to the present invention has, for example, a fifth
As shown in Figures to Figure 8, a lattice body with L = 100 mm and H = 95 mm is made using a sheet material with t = 1.1 mm, and the cutting width of the lattice bones 5 adjacent to the upper rib 2 is set to W. 1 , the cutting width of the 5th lattice bone 5 following the lattice bone 5 is 0.95 mm, and the cutting width of the lattice bone 5 that continues to the lower rib 5 is 0.80 mm, If the lower rib 3 is manufactured with a cut width W k of 1.1 mm, its weight will be approximately 24 g. This lattice body has smaller lattice openings 7 than the conventional lattice body shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, and its weight is almost the same as that manufactured with t=0.9 mm and W=1.1 mm. .
こうして製造した本発明による格子体を用いた
鉛蓄電池を試作し、同一重量を有しすべての格子
骨の切幅を板厚よりも大きくした従来の格子体を
用いた鉛蓄電池との比較試験を行なつたところ、
本発明によるものは従来のものに比べて高率放電
時の電圧特性や寿命などの電池性能において、す
べて上回る性能を有していることが確認された。 A lead-acid battery using the lattice body according to the present invention manufactured in this manner was prototyped, and a comparison test was conducted with a lead-acid battery using a conventional lattice body of the same weight and in which the cutting width of all lattice bones was larger than the plate thickness. As I was doing it,
It was confirmed that the battery according to the present invention outperforms the conventional battery in terms of battery performance such as voltage characteristics during high rate discharge and life span.
すなわち本発明による格子体を用いた鉛蓄電池
は高率放電時の電圧特性の低下を防げるのみなら
ず、陽極板に使用した場合にも腐食されやすい格
子体上部の格子骨５の断面積が太くされているた
め、従来よりエキスパンド加工による格子体の欠
点とされていた寿命性能についても、実質的に従
来の鋳造による重い格子体を使用した鉛蓄電池と
比べ変らないまでに引き上げることができる。ま
た軽量化を計るためにエキスパンド加工に供する
鉛または鉛合金板の板厚ｔを無理をしてまで薄く
する必要がなく、電池としての生産能率を低下さ
せることがない。しかしこの場合エキスパンド加
工技術や電池性能への影響を考慮すると、格子骨
５の切幅を1.0t〜0.7tの範囲に設定するのが好ま
しい。 That is, the lead-acid battery using the lattice body according to the present invention not only prevents a drop in voltage characteristics during high rate discharge, but also has a large cross-sectional area of the lattice ribs 5 on the top of the lattice body, which are easily corroded when used as an anode plate. As a result, the life performance, which has traditionally been considered a drawback of expanded lattice bodies, can be improved to the point where it is essentially the same as that of lead-acid batteries that use conventional heavy lattice bodies made by casting. In addition, there is no need to forcefully reduce the thickness t of the lead or lead alloy plate used for expansion processing in order to reduce the weight, and the production efficiency as a battery will not be reduced. However, in this case, considering the influence on the expanding technique and battery performance, it is preferable to set the cutting width of the lattice ribs 5 in the range of 1.0t to 0.7t.
また第９図は本発明の他の実施例を示すもので
あり、格子体の網状格子部の格子骨５の切幅を上
部親骨に隣接するものでシート材料の板厚ｔとほ
ぼ等しくし、下部親骨に近いもので該板厚よりも
狭くするべくエキスパンド加工した連続するシー
ト材料を、厚み調整用ローラーまたはプレスなど
にて押圧して、格子体の最大厚みを極くわずか薄
くして、その厚みを一定にしたものである。 FIG. 9 shows another embodiment of the present invention, in which the cutting width of the lattice ribs 5 of the mesh lattice part of the lattice body is made approximately equal to the thickness t of the sheet material adjacent to the upper rib, A continuous sheet material that is close to the lower rib and has been expanded to be narrower than the plate thickness is pressed with a thickness adjustment roller or press to make the maximum thickness of the lattice body very slightly thinner. The thickness is constant.
上記してきたように、格子体として電池に及ぼ
す性能やその生産能率を損うことなく、重量的に
軽く、しかもシート材料の板厚を減少させた分だ
け価格的にも安い格子体を提供するものである。 As described above, the present invention provides a lattice body that is light in weight without impairing the performance of the lattice body on the battery or its production efficiency, and is also cheap in price due to the reduction in the thickness of the sheet material. It is something.
発明の効果
本発明は、格子体として鉛蓄電池におよぼす性
能やその生産能率を損うことなく、軽量でしかも
安価な鉛蓄電池用エキスパンド格子体を提供する
ことが出来るので、その工業的価値は極めて大で
ある。Effects of the Invention The present invention can provide a lightweight and inexpensive expanded lattice for lead-acid batteries without impairing the performance of the lattice on lead-acid batteries or its production efficiency, so its industrial value is extremely high. It's large.
第１図は従来のエキスパンド加工による格子体
の平面図、第２図は第１図のＡ−Ａ断面図、第３
図は第１図のＢ部拡大図、第４図は第２図のＣ部
拡大図である。第５図は本発明によるエキスパン
ド加工格子体の平面図であり、第６図は第５図の
Ｄ−Ｄ断面図である。第７図は第５図のＥ部拡大
図であり、第８図は第６図のＦ部拡大図である。
第９図は本発明によるエキスパンド加工格子体の
他の一例を示す断面拡大図である。
１……集電耳、２……上部親骨、３……下部親
骨、４……網状格子部、５……格子骨、６……格
子接合節、７……格子目。
Fig. 1 is a plan view of a lattice body produced by conventional expanding processing, Fig. 2 is a sectional view taken along line A-A in Fig. 1, and Fig.
The figure is an enlarged view of section B in FIG. 1, and FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of section C in FIG. FIG. 5 is a plan view of the expanded lattice body according to the present invention, and FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along line DD in FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of section E in FIG. 5, and FIG. 8 is an enlarged view of section F in FIG.
FIG. 9 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing another example of the expanded lattice body according to the present invention. 1... Current collecting ears, 2... Upper ribs, 3... Lower ribs, 4... Reticular lattice portion, 5... Lattice ribs, 6... Lattice joint nodes, 7... Lattice eyes.
Claims (1)
電池用エキスパンド格子体であつて、 該格子体は、集電耳１を有する上部親骨２がエ
キスパンド加工により形成された網状格子部４の
上部に、下部親骨３が該網状格子部４の下部に、
一体形成されたものであり、 網状格子部は、上部の格子骨５の切幅が、シー
ト材料の板厚ｔとほぼ等しく、下部の格子骨５の
切幅が、板厚ｔよりも狭く形成されている ことを特徴とする鉛蓄電池用エキスパンド格子
体。 ２ 上部の格子骨５の切幅は、0.85t〜0.95tの範
囲に形成し、 下部の格子骨５の切幅は、0.70t〜0.85tの範囲
に形成した請求項１記載の鉛蓄電池用エキスパン
ド格子体。 ３ 格子骨５の切幅は、上部親骨２より下部親骨
３に至るに従い漸次狭く形成した請求項１記載の
鉛蓄電池用エキスパンド格子体。 ４ 下部親骨３の幅は、板厚ｔとほぼ等しく形成
した請求項１記載の鉛蓄電池用エキスパンド格子
体。[Claims] 1. An expanded lattice body for a lead-acid battery made of a sheet material made of lead or a lead alloy, the lattice body being a reticular lattice body formed by expanding an upper rib 2 having current collecting ears 1. On the upper part of the part 4, the lower rib 3 is on the lower part of the mesh lattice part 4,
The mesh lattice part is formed in such a way that the cut width of the upper lattice ribs 5 is approximately equal to the plate thickness t of the sheet material, and the cut width of the lower lattice ribs 5 is narrower than the plate thickness t. An expanded lattice body for lead-acid batteries characterized by: 2. The lead-acid battery according to claim 1, wherein the cut width of the upper lattice ribs 5 is formed in a range of 0.85t to 0.95t, and the cut width of the lower lattice ribs 5 is formed in a range of 0.70t to 0.85t. Expanded lattice. 3. The expanded lattice body for a lead-acid battery according to claim 1, wherein the cutting width of the lattice ribs 5 is gradually narrower from the upper rib 2 to the lower rib 3. 4. The expanded lattice body for a lead-acid battery according to claim 1, wherein the width of the lower rib 3 is approximately equal to the plate thickness t.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP6373580A JPS56159065A (en) | 1980-05-13 | 1980-05-13 | Grid for lead acid battery |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP6373580A JPS56159065A (en) | 1980-05-13 | 1980-05-13 | Grid for lead acid battery |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS56159065A JPS56159065A (en) | 1981-12-08 |
| JPH0145710B2 true JPH0145710B2 (en) | 1989-10-04 |
Family
ID=13237953
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP6373580A Granted JPS56159065A (en) | 1980-05-13 | 1980-05-13 | Grid for lead acid battery |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS56159065A (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH06333572A (en) * | 1993-05-19 | 1994-12-02 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Lead-acid battery |
| JP5092183B2 (en) * | 2000-10-06 | 2012-12-05 | 株式会社Ｇｓユアサ | Lead acid battery |
| JP4765190B2 (en) * | 2001-04-18 | 2011-09-07 | パナソニック株式会社 | Control valve type lead acid battery |
| JP5119586B2 (en) * | 2005-10-28 | 2013-01-16 | 株式会社Ｇｓユアサ | Lead-acid battery grid |
| CN102738470B (en) * | 2011-03-31 | 2015-07-29 | 松下蓄电池(沈阳)有限公司 | Lead accumulator grid, positive plate, pole plate group, lead accumulator and manufacture method thereof |
| JP5630716B2 (en) * | 2011-09-21 | 2014-11-26 | 株式会社Ｇｓユアサ | Lead acid battery |
| JP7220371B2 (en) * | 2018-11-13 | 2023-02-10 | エナジーウィズ株式会社 | Electrode plates, grids and lead-acid batteries |
-
1980
- 1980-05-13 JP JP6373580A patent/JPS56159065A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS56159065A (en) | 1981-12-08 |
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