JPH0132631B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a storage battery having an electrolyte diffusion function.

When a lead-acid battery is charged, the electrolyte at the top is often used, so sulfuric acid with a high specific gravity always remains at the bottom of the battery. Equal charging has been carried out to equalize the difference in specific gravity values between the upper and lower parts.

However, recent equal charging methods do not use very high charging voltages in order to reduce voltage fluctuations. For this reason, even if equal charging is performed, the difference in the specific gravity of the electrolyte between the upper and lower parts is difficult to eliminate. Furthermore, in recent years, storage batteries have been reconsidered as a method of storing electricity. This is because the energy conversion efficiency is high and the equipment cost is low. However, if the storage battery is fully charged by equal charging, there will be a power loss of 20 to 30% at an efficiency of 15% (Wh) (Ah). Therefore, minimizing these power losses will result in 95-100% charging without gassing. When used for charging in this way, the power loss due to energy conversion is within 5%, resulting in a very efficient energy conversion device. However, while the difference in specific gravity between the upper and lower parts of the storage battery increases with such use, the lower part of the element is exposed to highly oxidizing and high specific gravity sulfuric acid, which causes the electrode plates to deteriorate extremely quickly. For this reason, in large batteries, etc., compressed air is introduced from the outside in order to equalize the specific gravity of the electrolyte. However, this device was large-scale and required the operation of a compressor, so it was limited to manned storage battery facilities.

The present invention solves these drawbacks by making it possible to diffuse the electrolyte using the gas generated by the storage battery itself, and by arranging a partition plate between the element and the lid. The interior of the storage battery is divided into an upper chamber and a lower chamber by providing a vertical wall that is in constant contact with the electrolyte in an upward or vertical direction adjacent to the inner wall surface of the battery case and the outer peripheral surface of the pole column, and the partition plate is provided with a vertical wall that is in constant contact with the electrolyte. The electrolyte rising tube that penetrates the plate and hangs down near the bottom of the storage battery is connected to the top and bottom of the partition plate, standing on the partition plate, and is normally sealed by water droplets accumulating, reducing the pressure in the lower chamber. a tube that is opened to release the gas in the lower chamber to the upper chamber when it reaches a predetermined value, and a tube that connects the upper and lower parts of the partition plate and hangs above the element, and the lower end of the tube is closed at the bottom and open at the top. The present invention provides a storage battery characterized by having an electrolyte flow passage formed by being inserted into a cylinder.

According to the storage battery of the present invention, the electrolyte at the bottom of the storage battery moves onto the partition plate through the electrolyte riser tube that hangs down to the bottom of the storage battery due to the pressure of the gas generated within the storage battery. In addition, the internal pressure in the lower chamber further increases due to gas generation in the storage battery, and when the water-sealed tube standing on the partition plate opens due to this internal pressure, the electrolyte that has moved onto the partition plate moves from the partition plate to the upper part of the element. A phenomenon occurs in which the tube moves into the lower chamber from between the tube hanging down and the pot-like tube that covers the bottom end of the tube.
Diffusion of the electrolyte can be performed.

Hereinafter, the storage battery of the present invention will be specifically explained using an embodiment shown in the drawings.

1, 2, and 3 schematically show the structure of an embodiment of the storage battery of the present invention, and each figure shows a different operating state. In Figures 1, 2, and 3, 1 is a battery case, 2 is a lid, 3 is an element,
4 is polarity and 5 is electrolyte. Reference numeral 6 denotes a partition plate disposed between the element 3 and the lid 2 of the storage battery, and the part of the partition plate adjacent to the inner wall surface of the battery case 1 and the outer circumferential surface of the pole column 4 controls the vertical movement of the electrolyte. A substantially blocking vertical wall 7 is provided. The vertical wall 7, the inner wall of the battery case 1, and the surface adjacent to the outer periphery of the pole pillar 4 do not need to have a sealing structure, but may be in a state where a narrow gap exists. Note that, for example, if the inner wall surface of the battery case 1 and the surface of the vertical wall are brought into close contact with each other, the vertical wall standing downward among the vertical walls 7 can be omitted. When such a partition plate 6 is provided, the storage battery is substantially divided into an upper chamber and a lower chamber by the partition plate 6. Reference numeral 8 denotes an electrolyte riser tube provided on the partition plate 6 that hangs down to the vicinity of the inner bottom of the storage battery, and 9 refers to a tube that stands on the partition plate 6, also provided on the partition plate 6, and water droplets (electrolyte) attached to the inside of the cylinder. The valve is constructed by the surface tension of , and the smaller the inner diameter, the greater the valve pressure, and is generally constructed from a thin cylinder with a diameter of 5φ or less.
Reference numeral 10 denotes a cylinder which is also provided on the partition plate 6 and hangs down to the upper part of the element, for example, to the vicinity of the upper end of the element 3. The upper and lower parts of the partition plate 6 are in communication with each other via the cylinders 8, 9, and 10. In addition, the above cylinder 1
The lower part of the 0 is inserted into a pot-shaped tube 11 whose bottom is closed and whose top is open, forming a so-called siphon strap. The electrolyte rising cylinder 8 may be inserted between the inner wall of the battery case 1 and the element 3. 12 is an exhaust port provided in the lid;
13 is an explosion-proof filter that covers the exhaust port 12.

In the embodiment of the present invention having such a structure, when there is no gas generated in the storage battery, as shown in FIG. The liquid level on the partition plate 6 is at the same level as the liquid level on the partition plate 6. Even if gas from self-discharge or gas from charging is generated in this state, the generated gas will not migrate above the partition plate 6 through the cylinder 10 because the cylinder 10 of the siphon strap is water-sealed by the cylinder 11. On the other hand, since the cylinder 9 is sealed with electrolyte water droplets, it cannot easily move through the cylinder 9 and above the partition plate 6, and therefore it accumulates below the partition plate 6, causing water droplets of the electrolyte to The pressure inside the battery below plate 6 increases. Note that if the inner diameter of the cylindrical water seal valve 9 is made smaller as it goes upward, water droplets that adhere to the lower end of the cylindrical water seal valve 9 will be reduced as the pressure inside the battery below the partition plate 6 increases. Although the water is pushed up as shown in FIG. 2, the water head formed by the water droplets remaining in the cylindrical water seal valve 9 gradually becomes larger as it goes upward. This is the amount of water droplets Vo
Assuming that is constant, the smaller the inner diameter l of the cylindrical water seal valve 9, the higher the water head h and the greater the valve action.
Therefore, until the pressure inside the battery below the partition plate 6 exceeds the pressure that breaks the water head h in the cylindrical water seal valve 9, that is, exceeds a certain pressure, the water passes through the cylindrical water seal valve 9 and passes through the partition plate 6.
Gas in the lower battery does not move above the partition plate 6. Therefore, by appropriately designing the shape of the cylindrical water seal valve 9, the pressure inside the battery below the partition plate 6 can be set arbitrarily. In addition, the pressure of the water seal of the cylinder 10 is increased to ensure that the water head of the cylindrical water seal valve 9 is ruptured and the gas in the battery below the partition plate 6 moves to the upper side of the partition plate 6.
The shape of is also designed appropriately. Further, the height of the vertical wall 7 is designed to be sufficiently high so that the electrolyte does not move into the upper chamber below the opening pressure of the cylinder 9.

As mentioned above, gas accumulates below the partition plate 6,
When the pressure inside the battery below the partition plate 6 rises, the liquid level between the inner wall of the battery case 1 and the vertical wall 7 also rises with the rise in pressure, but since the vertical wall 7 has a sufficient height, The electrolytic solution 5 does not move beyond the upper end of the vertical wall 7 onto the partition plate 6. Therefore, due to the pressure increase in the lower chamber, the electrolytic solution 5 has no choice but to move onto the partition plate 6 through the electrolytic solution rising cylinder 8.
As the internal pressure below the partition plate 6 increases, the high specific gravity electrolytic solution 5 at the bottom of the storage battery moves through the tube 8 onto the partition plate 6. As the water head h' on the partition plate 6 gradually rises, the electrolytic solution (water droplets) inside the cylindrical water seal valve 9 and the electrolytic solution between the tubes 10 and 11 of the siphon strap are also pushed up at the same time. The state at this time is as shown in FIG. When the pressure inside the battery below the partition plate 6 further increases, the water head h in the cylindrical water seal valve 9 can no longer support the pressure, and the electrolyte in the cylindrical water seal valve 9 jumps out to the top. The gas accumulated below the partition plate 6 passes through the cylindrical water seal valve 9, enters the upper part of the partition plate 6, and is released to the outside through the exhaust port 12, so the pressure inside the battery below the partition plate 6 decreases. As a result, the electrolytic solution 5 accumulated on the partition plate 6 passes between the cylinders 10 and 11 of the siphon strap and falls below the partition plate 6. The state at this time is as shown in FIG. and partition plate 6
The liquid level in the lower battery rises, returning to the state shown in FIG. 1, and the above-described operation is repeated again.

In this way, in the present invention, the high specific gravity electrolyte 5 at the bottom of the storage battery is moved onto the partition plate 6 by using the pressure of the gas generated within the storage battery, and the high specific gravity electrolyte 5 that has been moved onto the partition plate 6 is The electrolytic solution 5 is dispersed because the electrolytic solution is caused to fall into the electrolytic solution with a light specific gravity above the element 3. Therefore,
There is no need for a large-scale device for electrolyte diffusion as in the past. Furthermore, since the structure of the present invention can be applied to any storage battery, the electrolyte of the storage battery can be naturally diffused even in unmanned storage battery equipment. Further, according to the present invention, since the electrolytic solution 5 is naturally diffused, the life of the storage battery can be greatly extended, and equal charging for equalizing the specific gravity of the electrolytic solution can be made unnecessary. Also, the load compensation device on the charger side can be eliminated, and the cost of the entire storage battery equipment can be significantly reduced.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1, FIG. 2, and FIG. 3 are vertical sectional views showing a schematic structure of an embodiment of the storage battery of the present invention. 1...Battery case, 2...Lid, 3...Element, 4
... Pole pillar, 5 ... Electrolyte, 6 ... Partition plate, 7 ...
Vertical wall, 8... Electrolyte rising tube, 9, 10, 11...
...tube.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A partition plate 6 is arranged between the element and the lid, and a vertical wall 7 is provided in a portion of the partition plate adjacent to the inner wall surface of the battery case and the outer circumferential surface of the pole column, which is in constant contact with the electrolyte in the upward or vertical direction. The interior of the storage battery is divided into an upper chamber and a lower chamber, and an electrolyte rising tube 8 that penetrates the partition plate and hangs down to near the bottom of the storage battery is connected to the top and bottom of the partition plate and is placed on the partition plate. The top and bottom of the partition plate are connected to a tube 9 which is normally sealed by water droplets accumulating and which is opened when the pressure in the lower chamber reaches a predetermined value to release the gas in the lower chamber to the upper chamber. A storage battery comprising an electrolyte flow passage formed by inserting the lower end of a cylinder 10 hanging above the element into a cylinder 11 whose bottom is closed and whose top is open.