JPH01301576A - Solid material containing slow-acting fertilizer - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain a solid material containing a slow-acting fertilizer, useful as a source for the continuous supply of a proper amount of fertilizer over a long period and capable of continuously supplying minor elements as well as primary fertilizer components, by mixing a phosphate rock and an alkali metal salt to clay used as a main component and sintering the obtained mixture at a specific temperature. CONSTITUTION:A mixture composed mainly of clay and mixed with a phosphate rock and an alkali metal salt is sintered at >=700 deg.C and <=1,000 deg.C to obtain the objective solid material. Addition of fly ash and/or talc as a third component to the above composition is preferable to form a versatile fertilizer. The above solid material containing a slow-acting fertilizer is preferably formed prior to sintering. It is formed in the form of granule, rod, disk, dish, etc., and mixed into soil as a slow-acting solid fertilizer or formed into a cylinder, box or flower pot and used as a plant-culture vessel acting as a slow-acting fertilizer source.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

[Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a solid material containing a d-active fertilizer. In addition to being used as a slow-release solid fertilizer in granular form. The solid material can be shaped into a flower pot or the like and used as a slow-release fertilizer source that also serves as a plant cultivation container.

[Conventional technology]

In general, the nitrogen sources for chemical materials are ammonium sulfate (ammonium sulfate), ammonium chloride, urea 1 lime nitrogen, and the phosphorus RL sources are kata (superphosphate lime), ammonium phosphate (ammonium phosphate),
There are fused phosphorus fertilizers, calcined phosphorus fertilizers, etc., and potassium sources such as potassium chloride, f, (! It is generally used as a compound fertilizer or as a chemical fertilizer obtained by a chemical reaction during the manufacturing process.However, both fertilizers are relatively dry after application. They are quickly dispersed in the soil and used by crops. Therefore, these fertilizers have a short residual effect and are only effective for one crop. In particular, phosphate fertilizers and potassium fertilizers used as chemical fertilizers are fast-acting. , wheat, η, potatoes. Extremely good for annual plants such as vegetables, but not for fruits,
For woody plants such as forest trees and garden trees. There is a drawback that additional fertilizer is time consuming and at the same time it is absorbed all at once. In addition, trace elements other than the three elements of nitrogen, phosphorous, and potash will be removed by crops every year if they are not replenished, leading to a decline in absolute soil fertility, making it impossible to achieve full growth, and reducing resistance to pests and diseases. Particularly when cultivating in a certain container, there is a limit to the amount of trace elements in the soil, and the decline in soil fertility may be significant and the plant may die. [Problems to be Solved by the Invention] In view of the conventional problems, the present invention can be a continuous source of appropriate amounts of fertilizer components over a long period of time, and can provide not only major fertilizers but also trace elements. To provide a slow-release fertilizer-containing solid that can be supplied in a timely manner! 1! The subject is Furthermore, the present invention provides a solid material that can be used as a slow-release solid fertilizer in the form of granules or the like, and can also be used as a slow-release fertilizer supply source for plant cultivation by forming the solid material into the shape of a flowerpot, for example. Figure a. [Means for Solving the Problems] Based on the above intention, the present invention adopts the following terminal composition. In other words, the present invention uses a mixture containing clay as a main component, mixed with phosphate rock and an alkali metal salt. 700℃ or higher 1,000℃
This is a solid material containing slow-release fertilizer characterized by being sintered with: In general, clay is mainly composed of silicic acid, rich in various trace elements such as #C, aluminum, magnesium, cadmium, manganese, and calcium, and is suitable as a nutrient source for crops. Phosphate rock is also rich in calcium phosphate, which is one of the three elements. However, if these various trace elements in clay and phosphoric acid, calcium, etc. in phosphate rock remain as they are, they cannot be expected to have any fertilizing effect as fertilizer for plants. As a result of many years of various research in order to effectively absorb these trace elements, phosphoric acid, etc. into crops, the present inventor has discovered that by sintering a mixture of alkali metal salts and d-synthesis within a specific temperature range. It has been discovered that the obtained sintered solid can continuously elute the above fertilizer components over a long period of time and allow them to be effectively absorbed by five crops. Accordingly, the present invention requires that a mixture containing clay as a main component and phosphate rock and an alkali metal salt be sintered within a specific temperature range. Viscous: The type of phosphate rock and alkali metal salt is not particularly limited, but it is generally of a quality that is used as a material for kilns, and phosphate rock can be either low-grade or high-grade imported from overseas. , these powders or pulverized products are used. In addition, from the viewpoint of fertilizing effect, alkali metal salts are
Potassium carbonate A1. is preferably a potassium carbonate salt with a high alkalinity. Potassium hydroxide 11 is often used from the viewpoint of economy. These mixing ratios are generally clay 50~
90 parts and 1 to 6 parts of alkali metal salts are preferably employed. The most important feature of the present invention is that these mixtures are sintered at a temperature within a specific range, that is, 700° C. or more and too far below. This grill &i'i! ! The temperature is important because it directly affects the slowness of the development of the fertilizing effect of the 9:5Ie material contained in the sintered solid material produced by sintering. Furthermore, if sintering is carried out at a high temperature exceeding 1,100°C, the hardness and microdensity of the sintered solid material will become excessive, which will impede good elution of fertilizer components, and depending on the sintering temperature, fertilizer components may become non-existent. Changes into eluted substances or substances that are difficult to absorb by crops. It is unexpected that only when sintering is performed at a temperature of 700° C. or more and 1,100° C. or less, a suitable amount of fertilizer components can be continuously leached over a long period of time and can be effectively absorbed by crops. Of course, the sintering time also affects the properties of the sintered solid, but its influence is smaller than that of the sintering temperature, and the sintering time can be determined appropriately by taking into account the type and mixing ratio of the mixture raw materials. Generally, a period of about 3 to 12 hours, 1 hour, and 6 hours is generally used. Furthermore, in the present invention, in addition to clay, phosphate rock, and alkali metal salt, mixing and sintering fly ash or/and talc is a preferred embodiment recommended in the sense of making the supplied fertilizer ingredients comprehensive. be. Fly ash was originally produced by the carbonization of wood over many years, and it is composed mainly of silicic acid and various mu metal elements such as potassium, magnesium, manganese, iron, calcium, and aluminum, which are extremely suitable for growing plants. Talc contains a wide variety of effective metal salts, including magnesium. Fly ash is generally a waste product obtained from coal to city gas in the manufacturing process, and talc is usually talc powder or serpentine powder. When using fly ash or talc, the mixing ratio is generally 50 to 90 parts by weight of clay, 1 to 30 parts by weight of phosphate rock, 1 to 6 parts by weight of alkali metal salt, and 15 to 20 parts by weight of fly ash.
1 to 20 parts by weight of clay and talc are used, preferably 30 to 60 parts by weight of clay, 8 to 18 parts by weight of phosphate rock, 1 to 4 parts by weight of alkali metal salt, and 15 to 15 parts by weight of fly ash.
A mixture of 20 parts by weight and 10-20 parts by weight of talc is employed. In the present invention, these mixtures are
Although it will be sintered below, it is usually preferable to shape it in advance prior to sintering. It can be molded into a single grain, rod, plate, disk, or plate shape, and can be mixed into the soil as a slow-release solid fertilizer or used as an I.
It can be used as a base material for pot cultivation, but it can also be shaped into a pot-shaped flower pot, a bonsai pot, a box, a cylinder, a U-shaped tube, etc., and fill the inside with two beaks. It can also be used as a slow-release fertilizer source as well as a container for growing plants. Furthermore, it is also possible to use a cylindrical container with a large number of holes bored in the side wall, fill it with sawdust, etc., and use it for culturing mushrooms. In another embodiment of the present invention, the sintered body can be pulverized or crushed into an appropriate size and used as a slow-release solid fertilizer. [Function] As mentioned above, the present invention has clay as a main component, and phosphate rock and alkali gold 1 (salt, more preferably fly ash or/and talc) are added to the clay, and the mixed 42 compound is heated at 700°C.
1. Slow-release fertilizer-containing solids are obtained by sintering at temperatures below 100°C, but by sintering within the specified temperature range, each raw material component is not chemically changed significantly. , becomes a solid substance with appropriate hardness and density, and
The solid material becomes an alkaline molten solid material because an alkali metal salt is used as one of the raw materials. As described above, it is important to use a solid substance that is alkaline and has a certain degree of hardness sensitivity in order to achieve the continuous supply of fertilizer at a suitable level over a long period of time as intended by the present invention. That is, by changing each raw material component into an alkaline molten solid, each of the various fertilizer components becomes 2% citric acid soluble and becomes a form that can be used by crops. In other words,
Organic acid-soluble three elements such as phosphoric acid and potassium, silicic acid, iron, and magnesium exist in the sintered solid material of the present invention by organic attachment secreted from various microorganisms in the soil or from the roots of crops. Fertilizer components such as trace elements such as aluminum are eluted into the soil and absorbed through the roots of crops, where they are used as nutrients necessary for crop growth. Furthermore, since the sintered solid material has appropriate hardness and compactness, the former particle component slowly dissolves in appropriate amounts over a long period of time. [Effects] As can be understood from the above explanation, the sintered solid of the present invention can be used as a substance that allows crops to absorb various fertilizer components such as clay and phosphate rock, which have not been effectively utilized in the past. It is in a form that can be varied and continuously supplied in appropriate amounts over a long period of time. In addition, the sintered solid material of the present invention is rich in phosphoric acid and potassium, which are desired to have a slow effect among the three elements, and is also rich in silicic acid, iron, magnesium, and other trace elements. By using it, various fertilizers necessary for td growing are constantly eluted into the soil in appropriate amounts without running out, providing good 11 growth to the vegetation (circulating), and the leaching and diffusion of fertilizer components is fully useful for maintaining soil fertility. Furthermore, in places like Japan where there is an extremely large amount of volcanic ash soil, superphosphate fertilizers such as superphosphate lime, which have been widely used in the past, tend to be adsorbed by the soil and have the disadvantage of being inert.
The phosphoric acid content in the sintered solid material of the present invention works like other components and exhibits extremely high fertilizing effect. In addition, unlike the water-soluble potassium chloride 11 and potassium sulfate used as general fertilizers, the potassium component in the sintered solid material is less likely to be ineffective in the soil and is gradually activated and supplied to the soil. Gives very good results to vegetation. Furthermore, by forming the sintered solid material of the present invention into an appropriate shape before sintering, it can be used not only as a slow-release solid fertilizer but also as a source of slow-release fertilizer that also serves as a plant cultivation container. can. [Example and Comparative Example 1 Examples and Comparative Examples will be shown below to more specifically demonstrate the effects of the present invention. ii) Soil, phosphate rock, etc. are kneaded with an aqueous solution of alkali metal salts (potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate) to form a sphere (diameter 21).
After sintering at various temperatures, they were buried in five soils, and the soil up to about 1L'jl around each spherical molding was buried over time (after burial, for 12 months of 3 hours (6 months)). , 24 months) and analyzed each fertilizer component (1
Particle analysis method: Edited by Agricultural Technology Association) Results are shown below. (1) Using only clay, phosphate rock, and potassium carbonate as an alkali metal salt, a sphere of the above size is formed, and the sintering temperature is varied to achieve 1! ) The results of observing the sintered state of the 11-density etc. of the sintered solids and analyzing the fertilizer components are shown in Table 1.The analysis values of fertilizer components are shown in percentages, and the same applies to Tables 2 and below. It is. Regarding the fertilizer composition of the fired solids, phosphoric acid and potassium (a citric acid soluble component) were all adjusted to 3.5%@. (2) In Iz (1), alkali gold Ii (4j, i
An experiment was conducted in which water 11 was replaced with potassium chloride, and the results are shown in Table 2. The method for time-lapse analysis of the fertilizer i1 component was 1); it was carried out in the same manner as in 1 (1). The soil was collected over time (the entire upper part of the inside was summed for each analysis), and the fertilizer components were analyzed in the same manner as in (1) above. Table 3 shows the ingredients of the test flowerpot-shaped fertilizer. Phosphoric acid, potassium 1. (citric acid soluble components): 3.5γ, respectively! I! Made by I. (4) In (+, ) above, fly ash (coal ash) was added in addition to clay and phosphate rock, and it was sintered and buried in the soil, and the fertilizer components in the soil were analyzed over time in the same manner as in 1). The results are shown in Table 4. (5) In the above, in addition to clay and phosphate rock, fly ash and talc (serpentine) were added and sintered, and the fertilizer components in the soil were analyzed over time in the same manner as in 1). The results are shown in Table 5.

Claims (5)

[Claims] (1) A slow-release fertilizer-containing solid material, which is made by sintering a mixture of clay as a main component and phosphate rock and alkali metal salts at a temperature of 700°C or higher and 1,000°C or lower. (2) A slow-release fertilizer according to claim 1, which comprises clay as a main component, and when phosphate rock and alkali metal salt are mixed therein, fly ash and/or talc are added as a third component to form a mixture. Solid content (3) The slow-release fertilizer-containing solid material according to claim 1 or 2, which is obtained by sintering the mixture after forming it. (4) The slow-release fertilizer-containing solid according to claim 3, which is obtained by forming the mixture into granules, rods, discs, plates, cylindrical boxes, or flower pots and then sintering the mixture. (5) The first or second pulverized or crushed mixture after sintering
Claimed slow-release fertilizer-containing solids