JPH01293359A - Electrostatic copying device - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To maintain electric charger for many hours and to accomplish toner development any time by imposing a voltage between a photosensitive body and a charge holding medium, exposing a sensitive material to form an electrostatic latent image on the charge holding medium, and toner developing said image. CONSTITUTION:The charge holding medium 3 is set to the photosensitive body 1 with a space of about 10mum, and a voltage is imposed between electrodes 7 and 13 with a power supply 17. When light is made incident from the photosensitive body 1, the photoconductive layer 9 of the part where light is made incident shows electrical conductivity, a discharge is generated between an insulating layer 11 and said layer 9 to accumulate electric charges in the insulating layer 11. Though the surface charge on the insulating layer 11 is exposed to air environment, it is maintained for many hours regardless of a light or dark place because air has a good insulating character. Therefore, a toner development is not needed immediately after the electrostatic latent image is formed, and the charger holding medium where the electrostatic latent image is formed is maintained. Afterward said image can be developed and transferred at any place and any time.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention forms an electrostatic latent image using information light from the surface of a document,
The present invention relates to an apparatus for developing the electrostatic latent image with toner, and particularly to an electrostatic copying apparatus using a charge holding medium capable of stably holding a latent image for a long period of time as an electrostatic latent image forming medium.

[Conventional technology]

Generally, in conventional copying machines, electrodes are deposited on the photoconductive layer, the entire surface of the photoconductive layer is charged by corona charging in a dark place, and then exposed to strong light to remove the photoconductive layer in the exposed areas. By making the area conductive and removing the charge by leaking it, an electrostatic latent image is optically formed on the surface of the light guide M1 layer, and a charge of opposite polarity (or charge of the same polarity) as the residual electrostatic charge is formed. A type of toner is used that is developed by attaching a toner having a .

[Problem to be solved by the invention]

However, in conventional copying machines, the obtained electrostatic latent image can be easily and quickly developed by toner development, but because the retention time of the electrostatic charge is very short, the electrostatic latent image It is necessary to perform toner development immediately after image formation, and it has been impossible to perform toner development at any time after formation of an electrostatic latent image. Furthermore, there is a problem in that high voltage and large power are required to expose the photoreceptor to intense light by corona charging the entire surface.

The present invention is intended to solve the above problems, and has high quality,
An electrostatic copying device that uses a charge-retaining medium that has high resolution, low voltage, and low power consumption, and is capable of long-term storage and toner development at any time. The purpose is to provide.

[Means to solve the problem]

FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining the recording method in the electrostatic image recording and reproducing method of the present invention, in which 1 is a photoreceptor, 3 is a charge retention medium, 5 is a photoconductive layer support, and 7 is a photoreceptor. electrode, 9 is a light, iti, 11 is an insulating layer, 13 is a charge retention medium electrode,
15 is an insulating layer support, and 17 is a power source.

In FIG. 1, exposure is carried out from the side of the photoreceptor 1. First, a transparent photoreceptor electrode 7 made of 1TO with a thickness of 1000 mm is formed on a photoconductive layer support 5 made of glass with a thickness of 1. A photoconductive layer 9 having a thickness of about 10 μm is formed thereon to constitute the photoreceptor 1. For this photoreceptor l, 10I
The charge retention medium 3 is placed with a gap of approximately Im in between.

The charge retention medium 3 is an insulating layer support made of thick glass! A 1Tfi electrode 13 with a thickness of 1000 μm is formed on the electrode 5 by vapor deposition, and an insulating layer 11 with a thickness of 10 μm is formed on this electrode 13.

First, as shown in FIG.
The charge holding medium 3 is inserted through a gap of about 0 μm,
As shown in FIG. 1(b), the 'IX' pole 7.
A voltage is applied between 13. In a dark place, since the photoconductive layer 9 is a high-resistance material, no change occurs between the electrodes. When light is incident from the photoreceptor 1 side, the photoconductive layer N9 exhibits conductivity at the portion where the light is incident, a discharge occurs between it and the insulating Jilt, and charges are accumulated in the insulating layer 11.

After the exposure is completed, the voltage is turned off as shown in Figure 1 (c).
The formation of the electrostatic latent image is completed by setting the FF to FF and then taking out the charge holding medium 3 as shown in FIG. 1(d).

Note that the photoreceptor 1 and the charge holding medium 3 may be of a contact type instead of a non-contact type as described above, and in the case of a contact type, a positive or negative charge is applied from the photoreceptor electrode 7 side to the exposed portion of the photoconductive layer 9. Charge is injected, this charge is attracted by the electrode 13 of the three charge retention media, passes through the photoconductive layer 9, and when it reaches the surface of the insulating layer 11, the charge movement stops, and the injected charge is accumulated at that location. be done. Then, when the photoreceptor 1 and the charge holding medium 3 are separated, the insulating layer 11 is separated with the charges stored therein.

When this recording method is used for planar analog recording, high resolution can be obtained similar to silver halide photography, and the insulating layer 1
The surface charge on 1 is exposed to the air environment, but since air has good insulating properties, it can be stored for a long time without discharging regardless of whether it is in a bright or dark place.

The charge storage period on the insulating layer 11 is determined by the properties of the insulator, and is affected by the charge trapping properties of the insulator in addition to the insulating properties of air. In the above explanation, charge is explained as a surface charge, but injected charge may simply accumulate on the surface, or it may microscopically penetrate into the interior near the surface of an insulator, creating electrons or In some cases, holes may be trapped, resulting in long-term storage.

Hereinafter, the constituent materials of the photoreceptor and charge retention medium used in the present invention will be explained.

The material and thickness of the photoconductive layer support 5 are not particularly limited as long as it has a certain level of strength to support the photoreceptor (e.g., flexible plastic film, metal foil, etc.). paper, glass, plastic sheet,
A rigid body such as a metal plate (which can also serve as an electrode) is used. However, if it is used in a device that records information by entering light from the photoconductor side, it will naturally need to have the property of transmitting that light. For example, if it is used in a camera that uses natural light as incident light and enters from the photoconductor side. The thickness is 1mm.
A transparent glass plate or a plastic film or sheet is used.

The photoreceptor electrode 7 is formed on the photoconductive layer support 5 except when metal is used for the photoconductive layer support 5, and the material thereof is limited as long as the specific resistance value is 106 Ω·cIl or less. Instead, they are inorganic metal conductive films, inorganic fully bent oxide conductive films, etc. Such a photoreceptor electrode 7 is formed on the photoconductive layer support 5 by vapor deposition, sputtering, CVD, coating, plating, dipping, electrolytic polymerization, or the like. The thickness also depends on the electrical characteristics of the material that constitutes the photoreceptor electrode 7.
It is necessary to change the voltage depending on the applied voltage when recording information, but for example, in the case of aluminum, it is 100 to 30
Approximately 00 people. Similarly to the photoconductive layer support 5, when it is necessary to input information light to this photoreceptor electrode 7,
The above-mentioned optical properties are required, for example, when information light is visible light (
400 to 700 nm), r T O (InzO
s-3now), Sn02, etc., by sputtering or vapor deposition, or a transparent electrode coated with fine powder thereof and a binder as an ink, or a transparent electrode coated with Au, A, etc.
A translucent electrode made by vapor deposition or sputtering of I, Ag, Ni, Cr, etc., tetracyanoquinodimethane (T
CNQ), an organic transparent electrode coated with polyacetylene, etc. is used.

The above electrode materials can also be used when the information light is infrared light (700 nm or more), but in some cases, colored visible light absorbing electrodes can also be used to cut visible light.

Furthermore, when the information light is ultraviolet light (400 Ωm or less), the above electrode materials can basically be used, but electrode substrate materials that absorb ultraviolet light (organic polymer materials, soda glass, etc.) are not preferable. A material that transmits ultraviolet light, such as quartz glass, is preferred.

The photoconductive layer 9 is a conductive layer in which photocarriers (Ti atoms, holes) are generated in the irradiated area when light is irradiated, and these carriers can move across the width of the shoulders, especially when an electric field is present. This is the layer where the effect is noticeable in some cases. The materials include inorganic photoconductive materials, organic photoconductive materials, organic-inorganic composite photoconductive materials, and the like.

Below, these photoconductive materials and methods of forming the photoconductive layer will be explained.

(A) Inorganic photoreceptor (photoconductor) Inorganic photoreceptor materials include amorphous silicon, amorphous selenium, cadmium sulfide, zinc oxide, and the like.

(a) Amorphous silicon photoreceptor Amorphous silicon photoreceptors include ■Hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-3t:H) ■Fluorinated amorphous silicon (a-5i:F)・These are not doped with impurities,・B , AI, Ga, In, TI, etc. by doping
type (hole transport type), ・P, Ag, 5bSB
There is a type in which i, etc. is made N type (electron transport type) by doping.

The method for forming the photoreceptor layer is to introduce silane gas and impurity gas together with hydrogen gas into a low vacuum.
I Torr), the film can be formed by depositing it on an electrode substrate heated or not heated by glow discharge, it can be formed by a thermochemical reaction on a heated electrode substrate, or it can be formed by vapor deposition or sputtering of a solid raw material. It can be used as a single layer or in a laminated form. The film thickness is 1 to 50 μm.

Further, in order to prevent charge from being injected from the transparent electrode 7 and charging as if it were exposed to light even though it was not exposed, a charge injection prevention layer can be provided on the surface of the photoreceptor layer 8i7. As this charge injection prevention layer, a-5IN N, a is applied on one or both of the electrode substrate and the top layer (surface layer) of the photoreceptor by glow discharge, vapor deposition, sputtering, etc.
It is recommended to provide an insulating layer such as a -5iC layer, a Si01 layer, or a 1203 layer. If this insulating layer is made too thick, no current will flow when exposed to light, so the thickness must be at least 1000 Å or less, making it easier to fabricate. 400~5 considering etc.
Approximately 00 people is desirable.

In addition, as a charge injection prevention layer, it is preferable to provide a charge transport layer on the electrode substrate that has a charge transport ability of opposite polarity to the polarity of the electrode substrate by utilizing a rectifying effect.If the electrode is negative, a hole transport layer, an electrode If is positive, an electron transport layer is provided.For example, a-3 in which Si is doped with boron:
H(n') improves hole transport properties, provides a rectifying effect, and functions as a charge injection prevention layer.

(b) Amorphous selenium photoreceptor The amorphous selenium photoreceptor includes: ■Amorphous selenium (a-3e) ■Amorphous selenium telluride (a-3e-Te) ■Amorphous arsenic selenium compound (a-AszSex”)■
There are amorphous arsenic selenium compounds.

This photoreceptor was fabricated by vapor deposition and sputtering, and was coated with 5iOxSA z,o, , 5iC as a charge injection blocking layer.
1SiN JIJ is provided on the electrode substrate by vapor deposition, sputtering, glow discharge method, or the like. Moreover, a laminated type photoreceptor may be formed by combining the above items (1) to (4).The film thickness of the photoreceptor layer is the same as that of an amorphous silicon photoreceptor.

(c) Cadmium sulfide (CdS) This photoreceptor is manufactured by coating, vapor deposition, and sputtering methods. In the case of vapor deposition, solid particles of CdS are placed on a tungsten board and evaporated by resistance heating, or
This is done by B (electron beam) evaporation. In the case of sputtering, a CdS target is used to deposit on the substrate in argon plasma. In this case, CdS is usually deposited in an amorphous state, but a crystalline orientation 12 (oriented in the IIi thickness direction) can also be obtained by selecting sputtering conditions. In the case of coating, it is preferable to disperse CdS particles (particle size 1 to 100 μm) in a binder, add a solvent, and coat on the substrate. .

(d) Zinc oxide (Zn 2 O) This photoreceptor is produced by a coating method or a CVD method. As a coating method, ZnS particles (particle size 1~
100 μm) in a binder, add a solvent, and coat on a substrate. Also CVD
As a method, an organic metal such as diethylzinc or dimethylzinc and oxygen gas are mixed in a low vacuum (10-'' to 1 Torr), and the electrode group Fi is heated (150 to 400°C).
A chemical reaction is carried out on top of the zinc oxide film to deposit it as a zinc oxide film. In this case as well, a film oriented in the a-thickness direction can be obtained.

(B) Organic photoreceptor Organic photoreceptors include single-layer photoreceptors and functionally separated photoreceptors.

(a) Single-layer photoreceptor A single-layer photoreceptor is made of a mixture of a charge-generating material and a charge-transporting material.

<Charge-generating substances> Substances that easily generate charges by absorbing light, such as azo pigments, disazo pigments, trisazo pigments, phthalocyanine pigments, perylene pigments, pyrylium dyes, cyanine dyes, and methine. A dye system is used.

Charge transport material system> A material with good transport properties for ionized charges, such as hydrazone-based, pyrazoline-based, polyvinylcarbazole-based,
There are carbazole-based, stilbene-based, anthracene-based, naphthalene-based, tridiphenylmethane-based, azine-based, amine-based, aromatic amine-based, etc.

Alternatively, a charge-transfer complex may be obtained by forming a complex with a charge-generating substance and a charge-transporting substance.

Normally, photoreceptors have photosensitivity determined by the light absorption properties of the charge-generating substance, but when a charge-generating substance and a charge-transporting substance are mixed to form a complex, the light absorption properties change; for example, polyvinylcarbazole (PvK) Trinitrofluorenone (TNF) can only be felt at wavelengths around 400 nm, but the PVK-TNFiW body can only sense wavelengths around 650 nm.
You will be able to feel up to the wavelength range.

The thickness of such a single-layer photoreceptor is preferably 10 to 50 μm.

(b) R function separation type photoreceptor Charge generating materials easily absorb light but have the property of trapping light, and charge transporting materials have good charge transport properties but poor light absorption properties. It is a type in which a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer are laminated in order to fully demonstrate the characteristics of each layer by separating them.

Charge generation layer> Examples of substances forming the charge generation layer include azo, disazo, trisazo, phthalocyanine, acidic xanthene dyes, cyanine, styryl dyes, pyrylium dyes, perylene, methine dyes, a-5e, a-S
i, azulenium salts, squalium bases, etc.

<Charge Transport Layer> Examples of substances forming the charge transport layer include hydrazone, pyrazoline, PVK, carbazole, oxazole, triazole, aromatic amine, amine, triphenylmethane, and polycyclic aromatic materials. There are group compounds, etc.

The method for manufacturing a functionally separated photoreceptor is to first dissolve the charge generating substance in a solvent and apply it on the electrode, then dissolve the charge transport layer in the solvent and apply it to the charge transport layer, and then remove the charge generating layer from zero.
．． 1 to 10 μm, and a charge transport layer of 10 to 50 μm.
It is preferable to set the thickness to f.

In addition, in the case of either a single-layer photoconductor or a functionally separated photoconductor, silicone resin, styrene-butadiene copolymer resin, epoxy resin, acrylic resin, saturated or unsaturated polyester resin, polycarbonate resin, polyvinyl is used as a binder. Acecool resin, phenol resin, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) resin, melamine resin, polyimide resin, etc. are used as charge generating materials and charge generating materials, respectively.
0.1 to 10 parts to make it easier to adhere. As the coating method, a dipping method, a vapor deposition method, a sputtering method, etc. can be used.

Next, the charge injection prevention layer will be described in detail.

The charge injection prevention layer causes a dark current (charge injection from the electrode) when a voltage is applied to the photoconductive layer 1'59 to at least one or both surfaces of the photoconductive layer 1'59, even though it is not exposed to light. This can be provided in order to prevent a phenomenon in which charges move in the photosensitive layer as if it were exposed to light.

There are two types of charge injection prevention layers: a layer that utilizes a so-called tunneling effect and a layer that utilizes a rectification effect. First, in a device that utilizes the so-called tunneling effect, when only a voltage is applied, current does not flow to the photoconductive layer or the surface of the insulating layer due to this charge injection prevention layer, but when light is incident, the current does not flow to the surface of the photoconductive layer or the insulating layer. Since one of the charges (electrons or holes) generated in the photoconductive layer is present in the charge injection prevention layer, a high electric field is applied, causing a tunnel effect and current flowing through the charge injection prevention layer. . Such a charge injection prevention layer can be an inorganic insulating film or an organic!
! ! It is formed of a single layer such as a green polymer film, an insulating monomolecular film, or a stack of these. Examples of the inorganic insulating film include Yamu03, BzOs, B1103, CdS,
CaO, Cent, Cr1es, Coo, Ge0t
, Hroz, Fezes, Lag's, MgO, .
Mn0t, NdtOs, Nbgos, PbO,5b
zOs, 5tot, 5eO1, Tag's, Ti
1ts-〇1, ■105, hos, YzOs, Zr(
h,BaTi0=,8! 20°, BizTiO,, Ca
O-5rO, Ca0-Y, O,, Cr-5iO1LiT
aO1, PbTiO2, PbZrOs, Zr0l-Co
, Zr0z-SiOt% AIN, BN
SNbN Ss+, N, , TaN, TiN5
νN, ZrN 5SiC, Tic SWC, Al4C
3 etc. is formed by glow discharge, vapor deposition, sputtering, etc. The thickness of this layer is determined depending on the material used, taking into account the insulating properties to prevent charge injection and the tunnel effect. Next, the charge injection prevention layer utilizing a rectifying effect is provided with a charge transporting layer having a charge transporting ability of opposite polarity to the polarity of the electrode substrate using a rectifying effect. That is, such a charge injection prevention layer is formed of an inorganic photoconductive layer, a weakly photoconductive layer, and an organic-inorganic composite photoconductive layer, and the film thickness is 0.1 to 1.
It is about 0 μm. Specifically, when the electrode is negative, an amorphous silicon photoconductive layer doped with B5Al, Ga, In, etc., amorphous selenium, oxadiazole, pyrazoline, polyvinylcarbazole, stilbene, anthracene, naphthalene, tridiphenylmethane, An organic photoconductive layer formed by dispersing phenylmethane, azine, amine, aromatic amine, etc. in a resin, and when the electrode is positive, P.

An amorphous silicon photoconductive layer doped with N5As, Sb, Bi, etc., a ZnO photoconductive layer, etc. are formed by methods such as glow discharge, vapor deposition, sputtering, CVD, and coating.

Next, a charge retention medium material and a method for manufacturing the charge retention medium will be described.

The charge retention medium 3 is used together with the photoreceptor 1 to record information as a distribution of electrostatic charges on the surface or inside of the insulating layer 11 constituting the charge retention medium 3.
The charge retention medium itself is used as a recording medium.

The insulating layer support 15 strongly supports the charge holding medium 3 as described above, and is basically made of the same material as the photoconductive layer support 5, and has the same light transmittance. May be required. Specifically, when the charge retention medium 3 takes the form of a flexible film, tape, or disk, a flexible plastic film is used; when strength is required, a rigid sheet, glass, etc. is used. Inorganic materials etc. are used. .

The charge retention medium electrode 13 may basically be the same as the photoreceptor electrode 7, and is formed on the insulating layer support 15 by the same formation method as the photoreceptor electrode 7 described above.

Since the insulating layer 11 records information as a distribution of static charges on its surface or inside it, it requires high insulation to suppress the movement of charges, and has a specific resistance of 1014.
It is required to have an insulation property of Ω·cm or more. Such an insulation 7111 can be formed into a layer by dissolving resin or rubber in a solvent, coating or dipping, or by vapor deposition or sputtering.

Here, examples of the resin and rubber include polyethylene, polypropylene, vinyl resin, styrene resin, acrylic resin, nylon 66, nylon 6, polycarbonate, acetal homopolymer, fluororesin, cellulose resin, and phenol resin.

Urea resin, polyester resin, epoxy resin.

Flexible epoxy resin, melamine resin, silicone resin, phenoxy resin, aromatic polyimide, PPO, polysulfone, etc., as well as polyisoprene, polybutadiene, polychloroprene, isobutylene.

, extra-high nitrile, polyacrylic rubber, chlorosulfonated polyethylene, ethylene/propylene rubber.

Fluororubber, silicone rubber, polysulfide synthetic rubber.

A single rubber such as urethane rubber or a mixture thereof is used.

Also silicone film, polyester film, polyimide film, fluorine-containing film, polyethylene film, polypropylene film, polyparabanic acid film,
A layer is formed by pasting a polycarbonate film, a polyamide film, etc. on the charge holding medium TL pole 13 via an adhesive, or a thermoplastic resin, thermosetting resin, ultraviolet curable resin, electron beam curable resin, etc. The layer may be formed by adding necessary curing agents, solvents, etc. to resin, rubber, etc., and coating or dipping the mixture.

Again &! As M11, a monomolecular film formed by the Langmuir-Proschede method or a monomolecular cumulative film can also be used.

Further, a charge retention reinforcing layer can be provided between these insulating layers 11 and the electrode surface or on the insulating layer 11. The charge retention enhancement layer is a strong electric field (104V/cm or more)
is applied, charge is injected, but at a low electric field (10'
For example, 340□, A1
□Og, SICs, SIN, etc. can be used, and as the organic material, for example, a polyethylene vapor deposited film or a polyvaraxylene vapor deposited film can be used.

In addition, in order to hold static charge more stably, the insulating layer 11
A substance that has electron-donating properties! (donor material) or a substance with electron-accepting property (acceptor material) may be added.As the donor material, styrene-based, pyrene-based,
There are naphthalene-based, anthracene-based, pyridine-based, and azine-based compounds, specifically tetrathiofulvalene (TT
F), polyvinylpyridine, polyvinylnaphthalene, polyvinylanthracene, voriazine, polyvinylpyrene, polystyrene, etc. are used, and they are used alone or in combination. In addition, acceptor materials include halogen compounds, cyanide compounds, and nitro compounds.Specifically, tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ), linitroflurunone (TNF), etc. are used, and they can be used singly or in combination. Ru. The donor material and acceptor material are used by adding about 0.001 to 10% to the resin and the like.

Further, in order to stably retain the charge, elemental fine particles can be added to the charge retention medium. Single elements include Group rA (alkali gold W&), Group IB (copper group), Group IIA (alkaline earth metals), Group nB (zinc group), and Group II [A (aluminum group)] of the periodic table. ), same I [
[Group B (rare earths), Group B (titanium group), Group VB (
Vanadium group), VrB group (chromium group), ■B group (
Manganese group), same group (iron group, platinum group), and same IVA group
Groups (carbon group) include silicon, germanium, tin, and lead; Groups (nitrogen groups) include antimony, bismuth, and V
As the IA group (oxygen group), sulfur, selenium, and tellurium are used in fine powder form. Further, among the above elements, metals can be used in the form of metal ions, fine powder alloys, organic metals, and complexes.

Furthermore, the above elements can be used in the form of oxides, phosphorus oxides, sulfides, and halides. These additives only need to be added in a very small amount to the charge-holding medium such as the resin or rubber mentioned above, and the amount added is 0.0% to the charge-holding medium.
In addition, the insulating layer 11 needs to have a thickness of at least 1,000 mm (0.1 μm) or more from the standpoint of insulation, and from the standpoint of flexibility,
It is preferably less than μm.

Next, a copying apparatus of the present invention using such a charge holding medium will be explained.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the configuration of the electrostatic copying apparatus of the present invention, in which 101 is a document, 102 is a light source, 103 is a conveyor belt,
104 is a developing machine, 105 is a transfer film, 106 is a transfer device, 107 is a heater, 108 is a supply roll, 109
is the take-up roll.

A light source 102 illuminates the surface of the original 101 and irradiates the photoreceptor 1 with the reflected light. A predetermined voltage is applied between the photoreceptor 1 and the charge holding medium 3, and the photoreceptor 1 is surface-exposed with light carrying image information from the surface of the document, and becomes conductive in accordance with the image density. , as a result, the original 1 is transferred to the charge holding medium 3.
An electrostatic latent image corresponding to the image No. 01 is formed. - The old layer load holding medium 3 is transported by a transport bell) 103 and developed Ia1
Toner development is performed by 04. The toner-developed charge holding medium 3 is transferred by a transfer device 106 such as a corotron to a transfer film 105 made of ordinary copy paper or film, and a heater 107 transfers the toner on the transfer film. The image is fixed. Since the charge retention medium 3 reacts even to weak light,
The light source 102 does not need to be as powerful as those used in ordinary copying machines, and since the electrostatic latent image on the charge-retaining medium is stably retained for a long period of time, It is not necessary to develop the image immediately; it is also possible to store the charge-retaining medium on which the electrostatic latent image is formed, and then develop and transfer it at any time and at any location.

Therefore, the electrostatic latent image forming section and the developing and transferring section are not the same device, but can also be configured as separate devices.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing another embodiment of the present invention, and the same numbers as in FIG. 2 indicate the same contents. In addition, lto, 111 is a mirror, 112 is an eraser, 1113 is a fixing roll, 1
14 is a roll.

In this embodiment, a slit light source is used as the light source to scan the document surface, and the photoreceptor l has an elongated shape corresponding to the slit light source. An electrostatic latent image is formed according to the image density on the document surface.

Next, to explain the operation, the slit light source 102 is scanned along the document surface, and the mirrors 110 and 1 are reflected by the light reflected from the document surface.
The photoreceptor 1 is exposed to light through the photoreceptor 11.

A predetermined voltage is applied between the photoreceptor 1 and the charge holding medium 3, and the charge holding medium 3 is rotating at a predetermined speed, so image density information on the document surface is sequentially transferred to the charge holding medium 3. Recorded as an electrostatic latent image.

The recorded electrostatic latent image is developed! The toner is developed in step 1104 and transferred to the transfer film 105 in a transfer bag 2106.

The toner image is then fixed by a fixing roll 113 having a built-in heater. After development, the electrostatic latent image remaining on the charge holding medium is erased by an eraser 112, and is prepared for the next electrostatic latent image formation. Note that the eraser only needs to leak the charge remaining as an afterimage on the charge holding medium, so it may be constructed so that any conductive material such as liquid or solid is brought into contact with the charge holding medium and grounded, or A
C. Cancel remaining charges with Corona Charge.

In the illustrated example, the transfer film is described as being continuous, but it may be a sheet of paper as in a normal copying machine.

Next, an example in which a film-like material is used as the charge retention medium will be explained with reference to FIGS. 4 to 7. FIG. This is a diagram showing another embodiment, in which 120 is a developing device and 121 is a rotating magnet.

In this embodiment, a film-like material is used as the charge holding medium 3, and a toner image is directly formed thereon.

FIG. 4(a) shows a configuration in which a magnetic brush developing device 120 is arranged facing a photoconductor with respect to a charge-retaining medium, and the charge-retaining medium 3 is a mere insulating film without electrodes as shown in FIG. 4(b). The magnetic brush developing device is grounded, and a predetermined voltage is applied to the electrode of the photoreceptor 1. And light source 1
When the document surface is irradiated with 02 and the photoreceptor 1 is surface-exposed with the reflected light, an electrostatic latent image is formed on the film-like charge holding medium 3, and at the same time, the developing device 120 develops the toner image. The developing device ff1120 has a rotating magnet 121 to rotate the magnetic toner particles, makes the magnetic toner particles into a brush shape, and brings them into contact with the charge holding medium 3 to perform development at the same time as exposure, and the toner image is formed on the side opposite to the exposure device. is formed. In this case, the developing device also functions as an electrode and grounds the charge on the charge holding medium via the magnetic toner particles, so it is desirable to have it face the charge holding medium over the entire exposed surface. Arrange multiple developing devices. After developing in this way, heater 1
Heat fixing is performed in step 07.

In the case of this example, since the charge retention medium is simply a film-like insulator and does not have an electrode, the developing device also has the function of an electrode, and as a result, a large developing device or multiple developing devices are required. Therefore, it is preferable to use an exposure method using slit light or scanning beam light instead of surface exposure, and to form the developing device into an elongated and compact shape.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing another embodiment of the present invention in which the magnetic brush developing device 120 is arranged on the same side as the photoreceptor with respect to the charge retention medium, and the charge retention medium 3 is as shown in FIG. The electrode 13 is formed on the insulating layer support 15, and an insulating layer is further formed on the electrode 13 as shown in FIG. An electrostatic latent image is formed, and development may be performed any time after exposure, and a toner image is formed on the exposed side.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing another embodiment of the present invention in which a photoreceptor having an elongated shape corresponding to a slit light source is used.

In this embodiment, a photoreceptor 1 elongated in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the paper is used.
A similarly elongated electrode 122 is separately arranged opposite to the photoreceptor 1 with a charge holding medium 3 in between, and a predetermined voltage is applied between the photoreceptor 1 and the electrode 122 to transfer an image onto a paper or film-like insulator. It is something that is intended to be recorded.

Next, the operation will be described. The elongated photoreceptor 1 is irradiated with laser scanning light or slit light from the document surface (not shown). On the other hand, the vapor-like charge retention medium 3 is continuously conveyed by a supply roll and a take-up roll while being in contact with an electrode 122, and by applying a voltage between the photoreceptor 1 and the electrode 122, charge retention is carried out. Electrostatic latent images are sequentially formed on the medium 3 in accordance with image information. The electrostatic latent image formed on the paper-like charge retention medium is developed with toner immediately or after an arbitrary period of time by a magnetic brush developing device 120, and then fixed by a fixing device (not shown).

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing another embodiment of the present invention in which surface exposure is performed.

In this embodiment, the photoreceptor 1 is formed into a planar shape, and the electrode 122, which is disposed opposite to the photoreceptor 1 with the paper or film-like charge holding medium 3 in between, is formed into a planar shape similar to the photoreceptor. Then, during exposure by intermittently feeding the charge holding medium 3,
Since this type of area exposure is performed by stopping at a predetermined position and sequentially performing exposure, it is possible to significantly shorten the exposure time.

As described above, since the charge holding medium is in the form of a film and the charge holding medium 3 itself is a toner image forming medium, the transfer process can be omitted and it is possible to construct a compact copying machine with a simplified cylinder structure. Of course, it is also possible to transfer the image from the paper-like charge retention medium to another paper or the like. Furthermore, if the charge holding medium can stably hold the latent image potential for a long period of time, development can be performed at any time, and when configuring the device, the latent image potential forming part and the developing part etc. can be separated. It is also possible.

Next, a color filter used to form a color image will be explained.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a color separation optical system using a prism. In the figure, 31, 33.35 are prism blocks, 37.39.
41 is a filter, and 43.45 is a reflecting mirror.

The color separation optical system consists of three prism blocks, and a part of the light information incident on the a-plane of the prism block 71 is separated and reflected on the b-plane, and further reflected on the a-plane, and a B color light component is extracted from the filter 37. It will be done. The remaining light information enters the prism block 33, travels to the zero plane, where a portion is separated and reflected, and the G color light component is taken out from the filter 39, and the rest goes straight, and the R color light component is taken out from the filter 41.

By reflecting the G and B color light components with the reflecting mirrors 43.45, the R, G, and B light can be extracted as parallel light.

By arranging such a filter 51 in front of the photoreceptor l as shown in FIG. 9 and photographing, the image shown in FIG.
Three sets of charge retention media separated into R, G, and B as shown in Figure 1.
It is also possible to form a frame, or alternatively, as shown in FIG. 9(c), R, G, and B images can be arranged on one plane and one set can be one frame.

FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of a fine color filter. For example, a film coated with resist is exposed with a mask pattern to form an R, G, B stripe pattern,
A method of forming by staining each with R, G, and B,
Alternatively, R, G, and B interference fringes produced by passing the color-separated light as shown in Figure 8 through narrow slits can be formed by recording them on a hologram recording medium, or by using a mask on a photoconductor. exposed in close contact with
It is formed by a method such as forming an R, G, and B stripe pattern using a static tMJ image, developing this with toner, and transferring it three times to synthesize colors and form toner stripes. R of the filter formed by such a method,
G, 81 pairs form one pixel, and one pixel is made as fine as about 10 μm. This filter is filter 5 in Fig. 9.
1, a color electrostatic latent image can be formed. In this case, the filter may be placed separately from the photoreceptor or may be formed integrally with the photoreceptor.

Figure 11 is a diagram showing an example of a combination of a fine color filter and a Fresnel lens.
, B patterns can be reduced and recorded, and the lens can be designed to be thinner and more compact than a normal lens.

Figure 12: ND (Neutral Density)
) filter and R, G, and B filters together. This is a diagram showing an example of three-sided division using a combination of filters and R, G, and B filters.
The R, G, and B lights can be extracted as parallel lights by dividing the light into three parts by a reflecting mirror 85 and passing them through an R filter 87, a G filter 89, and a B filter 91, respectively.

[Effect]

The present invention exposes a charge-retaining medium through a photoreceptor to form an electrostatic latent image, which is then developed and transferred with toner.Therefore, the entire surface is not corona charged, and the voltage and power consumption are low. It is also possible to increase the resolution by performing planar analog recording, and it is also possible to construct a conventional copying machine by configuring the charge holding medium in a planar or drum shape. In addition, it is possible to diversify copying machines, such as by configuring the charge-holding medium from continuous paper or continuous film and using it as copying paper, thereby omitting the transfer process and simplifying the configuration of the copying machine. It becomes possible.

〔Example〕

Examples will be described below.

[Example 1]...Production method of charge retention medium Methylphenyl silicone resin 10g1 xylene-butanol 1:1
1% by weight (0.2 g) of hardening agent (metallic catalyst) (trade name CR-15) was added to a mixed solution having a composition of 10 g of solvent, and the mixture was thoroughly stirred. Coating was performed using

After that, drying was performed at 150°C for 1 hour, and the film thickness was 10 μm.
A charge retention medium (a) was obtained.

In addition, the above mixed solution was evaporated at 100 μl by 1000 people.
It was coated on a polyester film in the same manner and then dried to obtain a film-like charge retention medium (b).

Further, the above mixed solution was coated on a 4-inch disk-shaped acrylic (1 m + thickness) substrate on which too much AN was vapor-deposited using a spinner at 2000 rpm, and dried at 50°C for 13 hours to form a disk-shaped charge retention medium (C) with a film thickness of 7 μm. Obtained.

Furthermore, 01 g of zinc stearate was added to the above mixed solution, and the same coating and drying were performed to obtain a charge retention medium (d) having a film thickness of 10 μm.

[Example 2] A mixed solution having a composition of 10 g of polyimide resin and 10 g of N-methylpyrrolidone was spinner coated (1000 rpm,
After pre-drying at 150°C for 30 minutes to dry the solvent, drying at 350°C for 20 seconds)
heated for an hour.

A uniform film with a film thickness of 8 μm was formed.

[Example 3]...Single layer organic photoreceptor (PVK-TN
F) Preparation method PoIJ N-vinylcarbazole 10 g (L2,4.7- manufactured by Anan Fragrance Co., Ltd.) linitrofluorenone 10
g, 2 g of polyester resin (binder: Vylon 20
0 Toyobo Co., Ltd.), tetrahydrofuran (THF)
A mixed solution having a composition of 90 g was prepared in a dark place, and In, O
, -3nO1 was sputtered to a film thickness of about 1000 mm onto a glass substrate (1 cabinet thick) using a doctor blade, and dried with ventilation at 60°C for about 1 hour, resulting in a film thickness of 10 tons! m
A photosensitive layer having a photoconductive layer was obtained. In addition, in order to completely dry the sample, it was further air-dried for one day before use.

Cli Example 4)...Method for manufacturing an amorphous silicon aSi:H inorganic photoreceptor ■Substrate cleaning Corning 7059 glass (23 x 16 , acetone, and ethanol for 10 minutes each in this order.

(1) Preparation of the device After setting the cleaned substrate on the anode 206 in the reaction chamber 204 in FIG. 13 to ensure sufficient heat conduction,
The inside of the reaction chamber was raised to the level of t O-'Torr.

After evacuation with P, the reaction vessel and gas pipe are baked out at tso''c~350'C for about 1 hour, and the apparatus is cooled after baking out.

■a-3i: The heater 208 is adjusted and heated so that the temperature of the glass substrate on which H(n") is deposited is 350"C, and the P mixed in the tank 201 in advance is heated.
A gas of Hs/5iH4-1000pp- was introduced into the reaction chamber 2 by controlling the rotation speed of the needle valve and PMB.
The internal pressure of 04 is 200■T.

After the flow internal pressure becomes constant so as to become rr, Mat
40W Rr P through changing Box 203
power 202 (13,56 KHz) is input to form plasma between the cathode and anode. Deposition is carried out for 4 minutes, then Rf input is stopped and the needle pulp is closed.

As a result, approximately 0.0. 2 μm of a-3i:H(n”) 112 was deposited on the substrate.

■a-3i: Deposition of H 5iHnlOO% gas in the same way as ■, with the internal pressure maintained at 200 seconds.
Torr, and when the internal pressure becomes constant, 40W is applied through Matching Box 203.
RfPower 202 (13,56 KHz) was applied to form a plasma and maintained for 70 minutes. When the deposition is completed, the input of Rf is stopped and the needle valve is closed. Hea
After ter2080ff, the board is cold so take it out.

As a result, a film of approximately 18.8 μm is a-si:H(n゛)
deposited on the membrane.

In this way, SnO, /a-5j: H(n'') blocking layer /a-3t: H(non-dope) 20μ
It was possible to fabricate a photoreceptor of m.

(Actually, Example 5)...Amorphous selenium-tellurium jQ
[l Photoreceptor manufacturing method Using metal grains in which tellurium (To) is mixed at a ratio of 13 parts by weight to selenium (Se), a-5e-
IT is performed on a Te thin film using a resistance heating method at a vacuum level of 10-'Torr.
It was deposited on an O glass substrate. The film thickness was 1 μm. Furthermore, while maintaining the degree of vacuum, Se alone was evaporated using the same resistance heating method to form a 10μma-3 layer on the a-5e-Te layer.
The e layer was laminated.

[Example 6] Method for producing a functionally separated photoreceptor (method for forming a charge generation layer) A mixed solution having a composition of 0.4 g of chlorodiane blue and 40 g of dichloroethane was placed in a 250 mf stainless steel container, and a glass Add Peas No. 3.180ml,
Approximately 4
Pulverization for hours is carried out to obtain chlorocyan blue with a particle size of ~5 μm. After filtering the glass peas, 0.4 g of polycarbonate, Nipilon E-2000 (Mitsubishi Gas Chemical) was added and stirred for about 4 hours. This solution was applied using a doctor blade to a glass substrate (1 s thick) on which InzOs-SnOg had been sputtered by about 1000 layers to obtain a charge generation layer with a film thickness of 1 μm. Drying was carried out at room temperature for one day.

[Method for forming charge transport layer]

4-Dibenzylamino-2-methylbenzaldehyde-
0.1 g of 1,1'-diphenylhydrazone.

Polycarbonate (Kneepilon E-2000) 0.
Ig.

A mixed solution having a composition of 2.0 g of dichloroethane was applied onto the charge generation layer using a doctor blade to form a layer of about 10 μm.
A charge transport layer of m was obtained. Drying was performed at 60°C for 2 hours.

[Example 7] (Method for forming charge generation layer) Butyral resin (Tanesui Kagaku, 5LE) was added to 10 g of butyl acetate.
C) 0.25g, azulenium C having the following structural formula
Mix IO, salt, 0.5 g, and glass peas No. 133 g, stir with a touch mixer for 1 day, disperse well, and apply with a doctor blade or applicator onto TTO layered on a glass plate. ℃ for 2 hours or more. The film thickness after drying is 1 μm or less.

(Method for forming a charge transport layer) 9.5 g of tetrahydrofuran, 0.5 g of polycarbonate (Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co., Ltd., Nipiron E2000) and a hydrazone derivative represented by the following structural formula (Anan Perfume Co., Ltd., CTC1).
91) and was applied onto the charge generation layer using a doctor blade, followed by drying at 60° C. for 2 hours or more. membrane ff
It was less than 10 μm.

[Example date]

(Method for forming charge generation layer) 20 g of tetrahydrofuran, 0.5 g of butyral resin (IF water chemistry, 5LEC), 0 titanyl phthalocyanine
．． 25g, 4.10-dibromoanthrone 0.2
5g of Glass Peas N001 was stirred for 1 day using a touch mixer, then dispersed into ITO layered on a glass plate using a doctor blade or applicator.
It was coated on top and dried for over 12 hours at 60'C. After drying, H2 is a film! ¥, 1 μm or less.

('@, Method for preparing a cargo transport layer) In 9.5 g of dichloroethane, 0.5 g of polycarbonate (Mitsubishi Gas Chemical, Nipiron E2000) and 0.5 g of the above hydrazone derivative (Anan Perfume, CTCI91) were dissolved, and with a doctor blade, Coating on the charge generation layer, 6
It was dried at 0°C for 12 hours or more. The film thickness was 10 μm or more.

[Example 9]... Method for producing a functionally separated photoreceptor provided with a charge injection prevention layer (method for forming a charge injection prevention layer) Soluble polyamide y (
To 11 Seikagaku, FS-175SV10) was coated with a spin coater to a thickness of 0.5 to 1 μm and dried at 60° C. for 12 hours or more.

(Method for forming charge generation layer) Add butyral resin (Tanesui Kagaku, 5LE) to 10 g of butyl acetate.
C) 0.25 g, azulenium ClO4 salt o as described above,
sg and glass peas No. 133 g were mixed and stirred for one day using a touch mixer, the mixture was well dispersed, and the mixture was applied onto the charge injection prevention layer using a doctor blade or an applicator, and dried at 60"C for 12 hours or more. The film after drying had a thickness of 1 μm or less.

(Method for forming a charge transport layer) 9.5 g of tetrahydrofuran, 0.5 g of polycarbonate (Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co., Ltd., Nipiron E2000), and 0.5 g of the above-mentioned hydrazone derivative (CTC191, manufactured by Anan Kaori Co., Ltd.)
was dissolved and applied onto the charge generation layer using a doctor blade, and dried at 60'C for 2 hours or more. Film thickness 10a
m or less.

[Example 10] (Method for forming a charge injection prevention layer) Soluble polyamide on ITO laminated on a glass plate)
(Toagosei Kagaku, FS-175SV10) with a spin coater for 0.5~lt! It was coated at 60°C and dried for 22 hours or more.

(Method for forming charge generation layer) 20 g of tetrahydrofuran, 0.5 g of butyral resin (Tanesui Kagaku, 5LEC), and 0.2 titanyl phthalocyanine.
5g, 4.10-dibromoanthrone 0.25g
, 33g of Glass Peas N001, 1 with a touch mixer
Stir for several days, disperse well, and apply the mixture onto the charge injection prevention layer using a doctor blade or applicator.
It was dried at 60°C for 12 hours or more. The film after drying had a thickness of 1 μm or less.

(Method for forming 1 cargo transport layer) 0.5 g of polycarbonate (Mitsubishi Gas Chemical, Nipiron E2000) was added to 9.5 g of dichloroethane as a solvent.
The above hydrazone derivative (Anan Kaori, cTc191) 0.
5g of the solution was dissolved and applied onto the charge generation layer using a doctor blade, and dried at 60°C for 12 hours or more. Film thickness is 10
It was more than μm.

[Example 11] (Method for forming photoconductor electrode layer) Indium tin oxide (IT○, specific resistance 1
00Ω·cm”) was deposited by sputtering.

Further, it can be similarly deposited by the EB method.

(Method for Forming Charge Injection Prevention Layer) Silicon dioxide was deposited on the photoreceptor electrode layer by sputtering.

The film thickness can be from 100 to 3,000, and aluminum oxide may be used instead of silicon dioxide, and the EB method can be used instead of the sputtering method.

(Method for Forming Charge Generating Layer) Selenium-tellurium (1i13% by weight containing tellurium) was deposited on the charge injection prevention layer by resistance heating. 1li
ff is 2 μm or less.

(Method for Forming Charge Transport Layer) Granular selenium was used on the charge generation layer and deposited by resistance heating. The film thickness is 10 μm or less.

[Effects of the Invention] As described above, according to the present invention, since no corona charging is performed, high voltage is not required, and the amount of light required to form a latent image on the charge-retaining medium is small. It is possible to reduce power consumption, and since the potential of the latent image formed on the charge holding medium is stably maintained without attenuation, development can be performed at any time, and as a result, the electrostatic latent image forming area and It is also possible to configure a copying machine by separating the development and transfer portion, and by forming the charge-retaining medium itself on a film, a toner image can be formed on the charge-retaining medium, so the transfer process can be omitted. This also makes it possible to increase the number of elements and diversify the configuration of copying machines.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is a diagram for explaining the principle of the electrostatic image recording and reproducing method of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a diagram showing the configuration of the electrostatic copying apparatus of the present invention, and Fig. 3 is a diagram showing the structure of the electrostatic copying apparatus of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing another embodiment of the present invention using a film-like charge retention medium, and FIG. 5 is a diagram showing another embodiment of the present invention using a film-like charge retention medium. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing another embodiment of the present invention in which the photoconductor is disposed on the same side as the photoconductor; FIG. FIG. 7 is a diagram showing another embodiment of the present invention in which surface exposure is performed, FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the configuration of a color separation optical system, and FIG. 9 is an explanation of forming a color electrostatic latent image. Figure 10 is a diagram showing an example of a fine color filter, Figure 11 is a diagram showing an example of a combination of a fine color filter and a Fresnel lens, and Figure 12 is a diagram showing an example of a fine color filter.
FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating a method for manufacturing an a-3i:H photoreceptor, which is a diagram showing three-plane division using a D filter and R, G, and B filters in combination. l... Photoreceptor, 3... Charge retention medium, 101...
Document, 102... Light source, 103... Conveyance belt,
104...Developing machine, 105...Transfer film, 10
6... Transfer device, 107... Heater. Applicant Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd. Agent Patent Attorney Masanobu Hirukawa (4 others) Figure 1 (C) (D) Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 (A) (B) Figure 5 (A) ) (b) Figure 6 Foil Figure 7 Figure 10 Figure 11 Figure 12

Claims (6)

[Claims] (1) comprising a light source that irradiates the document surface, a photoreceptor that is irradiated with information light from the document surface, a charge-retaining medium disposed opposite to the photoreceptor, and a developing machine that develops the charge-retaining medium with toner; Forming an electrostatic latent image on the charge holding medium by exposing it to light while applying a voltage between the photoreceptor and the charge holding medium,
An electrostatic copying device characterized by toner development. (2) The electrostatic copying apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the charge holding medium is planar and is fixed after the toner is developed. (3) The charge retention medium is drum-shaped, and the developed toner image is transferred to paper or film and then fixed.
The electrostatographic apparatus described. (4) The electrostatic copying apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the light source that illuminates the document surface is a slit light source, and the photoreceptor has a slit shape parallel to the axis of the drum. (5) The electrostatic copying apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the electrostatic latent image on the charge retaining medium is erased by an eraser. (6) The electrostatic copying apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the charge holding medium is made of continuous paper or a continuous film, and the toner is developed by a magnetic brush formed by a rotating magnet.