JPH01252227A - Container culture of l. ulmarium and member for culture thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To make a culture of L. ulmarium in high efficiency with fungi- scraping operation simplified mechanically, by removing mycelia produced on the culture medium in a container followed by setting up a plate having an opening on the culture medium and making a germination-growing operation. CONSTITUTION:Woollike mycelia 7 produced on a culture medium 4 from seed fungi 5, 6 inoculated into a culture medium bottle 2 is left with the central part of the culture medium 4 in a circular form 2.0-3.0cm in diameter, the rest of the culture medium is scraped off to a depth of 1.0-1.5cm to a fungi-scraped part 8. Thence, said culture medium 4 is mounted with a doughnut-shaped circular plate 1 capable of reducing or preventing light transmission, and mushroom is developed from the central opening 9 along to make a culture of L. ulmarium.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a container cultivation method for Shirotamogitake mushrooms and a cultivation member used for the cultivation, and in particular to a method for removing cotton-like mycelium that has formed on the top surface of a medium. The present invention relates to a method for cultivating Shirotamogitake suitable for simplifying the operation of scraping the bacteria, and a member for cultivating the same.

(Prior art) Describes the conventional technology for cultivating Shirotamogitake (also known as "hon-shimeji" in the market under the trade name) (1984)
).

Figure 4 shows the conventional process for cultivating Shirotamogitake mushrooms in bottles. As raw materials, beech sawdust and rice bran are used in a volume ratio of approximately 4:1.
Add water to this and mix until the moisture content is about 6.
Prepare 5% medium. Fill a cultivation bottle with this medium to a height of about 1.5 cm from the bottle mouth, and use a stick with a diameter of 1.0 cm at the tip and about 1.5 cm at the top to make a hole in the medium in the center of the bottle. Open.

Next, a cap is attached to the mouth of the bottle, and the bottle is sterilized by heating at 120°C (under saturated steam pressure) for about 1 hour. Wait for the contents of the sterilized cultivation bottle to cool sufficiently (below 25°C), then add the crushed starter bacteria 5 as shown in Figure 2.
Add about 5 to 20 g of 3 to 3 to the hole in the center of the bottle and the surface (starter 6).
Add to a thickness of about 5 mm. Once the inoculation has been completed, the cultivation bottle should be capped immediately and kept at a temperature of 20-25°C.
1 Transport to a culture room with humidity of 60-70% and grow mycelia in the medium.
Stretch. Mycelial extension throughout the medium usually takes about 25
It takes ~30 days.

After the mycelial elongation is completed, the cultivation bottle is kept at 20-25°C.
The so-called "ripening" treatment is carried out under the temperature conditions of 30 to 50 days. The combination of mycelial elongation and ripening is commonly referred to as "cultivation."

After the cultivation is completed, as shown in FIG. 3, the cap 3 of the cultivation bottle body 2 is removed, and the flocculent mycelium 7 that has grown on the top surface of the medium 4 is removed (this operation is called sowing). This promotes the formation of mushroom primordia on the top surface of the medium 4, but in order to make the mushroom core swell and increase its commercial value as "Shirotamogitake", when scraping this fungus, do not use the medium. Leave the central part in a circular shape with a diameter of about 2.0 to 3.0 cm, and add 1.0 to 1.5 cm of culture medium in the other part.
The bacteria scraping area 8 is scraped to a depth of m as shown in Figure 3.
The usual method is to form The reason why some of the seed fungi are left on the fungal bed is to allow mushrooms to develop from the matured starter fungus, and to suppress the number of mushrooms that emerge to grow mushrooms with thick, voluminous stems.

The culture bottles that have been cleaned with bacteria in this way are germinated and transported to a growth room where the temperature is 15-18°C, the humidity is 90-95%, and the illuminance is >10.
When placed under the conditions of 042 u

[Problem to be solved by the invention]

In the case of oyster mushrooms and enokitake mushrooms, a so-called "bacteria scraping operation" is performed to remove the entire seed layer after the cultivation operation is completed.

That is, in order to scrape the culture medium evenly and evenly, this operation can be easily carried out by a machine.

On the other hand, in the case of Shirotamogitake, as mentioned above, the central part of the medium is left in a convex shape when scraping the bacteria, so the work has to be done manually, and the work efficiency is compared to when using a machine.
significantly reduced. In addition, the inoculum may move and be removed when the fungi are scraped, and if the hyphae are broken, the number of mushrooms that will grow will increase and the mushrooms will be irregular. Furthermore, if the culture medium is left in a convex shape, this chevron-shaped part is likely to dry out, while the scraped outer periphery is difficult to dry, but since the new culture medium surface is exposed, there is a high risk of contamination with various bacteria. .

Note that after scraping the bacteria, the seed bacteria that was initially added will still be present in the surface layer of the central area, but if you do not sow the bacteria carefully and prevent this layer of seed bacteria from moving, the bacteria will not move in this area. It becomes impossible for mushrooms to grow. In this way, in the cultivation of Shirotamogitake mushrooms, the commercial value of the resulting mushroom is determined by the method of scraping, so the scraping process must be carried out carefully.

The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems of the prior art described above and to provide a container cultivation method for Shirotamogitake that can simplify the fungal scraping operation required to obtain Shirotamogitake with high commercial value. Our goal is to provide components.

[Means to solve the problem]

The above purpose is achieved by removing the cotton-like mycelium present at the top of the medium after culturing, and then placing, for example, a donut-shaped disk on top of the medium so that mushrooms will only grow from the opening in the center. achieved.

For cultivating this Shirotamogitake mushroom, the container has an outer edge that approximately corresponds to the opening of the Shirotamogitake cultivation container.

A plate-shaped member for cultivating Shirotamogitake, which has an opening in the center and is made of a material capable of blocking light or reducing light transmittance, is used.

[Effect]

When a cultivation container is filled with a culture medium, sterilized, a seed culture is added, and a culture operation is performed, mushroom mycelium is generated on the top surface of the seed culture layer. Even if the temperature, humidity, illuminance, etc. are adjusted to conditions suitable for germination until this mycelium exists, the amount of mushrooms produced will be extremely small. Therefore, the conditions are made suitable for germination after removing the mycelium present on the upper surface of the seed layer by performing a fungal scraping operation.

When the temperature, humidity, and illuminance are optimized, mushroom primordia are formed on the surface of the medium after the bacteria have been scraped, and this primordium gradually transforms into a mushroom. However, if mushrooms develop in the low cup of a bottle, such as with oyster mushrooms or enoki mushrooms, the commercial value of Shirotamogitake decreases, so the method of scraping the fungi as described above is usually used.

On the other hand, as in the method of the present invention, a plate such as a donut-shaped disk made of a material capable of blocking light or reducing light transmittance is placed on top of the seed layer after the bacteria have been scraped, in close contact with the seed layer. If you place a mushroom in the area hidden by the board, the illumination will be insufficient and the rate of mushroom growth will slow down, or the mushrooms will not spawn and will only grow from the central opening, resulting in a convex shape. The appearance and growth of mushrooms is similar to that seen when the mushrooms are scraped. In this case, the mycelium on the surface of the medium can be simply removed, so the scraping operation is significantly simplified.

〔Example] Embodiments of the present invention will be described below based on the drawings.

The method of the present invention is characterized by the operations after the time of bacterial scraping, and the operations from medium adjustment to completion of culture are performed in the same manner as the conventional method shown in FIG. 2. Therefore, the types and amounts of sawdust, nutrients and additives used as medium materials, the moisture content of the medium, the shape and volume of the cultivation container, the amount of medium packed, the method of sterilizing the medium, the type of starter and its adjustment method, the starter The method of the present invention can be applied regardless of the inoculation method, culture conditions, etc. In particular, a preferred example of the present invention will be described as an operation until the completion of culture.

As raw materials, beech sawdust and rice bran are mixed at a volume ratio of approximately 4:1, and water is added to this and mixed further to achieve a moisture content of approximately 65%.
Adjust the medium. Fill this culture medium into a cultivation bottle, and fill the medium in the center of the bottle with a diameter of 1, Q cm at the tip and 1,5 cm at the top.
Use a stick to make a hole about cm in diameter. In addition, since the bulk specific gravity of sawdust varies depending on the type of log and sawing conditions, medium materials are generally mixed on a pile basis.
Converting this into weight, in the case of a beech sawdust-rice bran-based medium, the amount of medium packed: approximately 550g/850rr + 42 bottles,
Added amount of rice bran: 60-90 g / 850 ml-
It becomes a bottle.

A cultivation bottle filled with a medium and with a hole in the center is heated at 120°C (under saturated water vapor pressure) for 1 hour after attaching a cap to its mouth.
Sterilize by heating for about an hour. Wait for the contents of the sterilized cultivation bottle to cool sufficiently (below 25°C), then add about 5 to 20 g of crushed starter 5 to the hole in the center of the bottle and the surface of the bottle to a depth of about 3 to 5 mm. Add until thick. Immediately cap the cultivation bottle after inoculation and keep it at a temperature of 20-25℃.
The cells are transferred to a culture room at 60 to 70% humidity at 1°C, and hyphae are allowed to grow in the medium. Mycelial extension throughout the medium usually requires 25
It takes ~30 days. The cultivation bottle in which mycelial elongation has been completed is then kept at a temperature of 20 to 25°C for approximately 30 to 50 days to undergo a so-called "ripening" treatment. The above operations complete the culture.

When the culture is completed, remove bottle 2 as shown in Figure 1 (A).
Remove the cap and remove the cotton-like mycelium that has formed on the top of the culture medium. In this case, there is no need to create a convex shape unlike in the conventional fungal scraping operation, and it is only necessary to remove the flocculent mycelium on the top surface of the culture medium. After removing the flocculent hyphae generated on the fungal bed surface, a donut-shaped disk 1 shown in FIG. 1(B) is placed on the fungal bed surface.

By placing the donut-shaped disk 1 in this manner, the formation of primordia and the growth of mushrooms (fruiting bodies) proceed only in the central opening 9, making it unnecessary to use the conventional method of scraping the fungi. It also reduces the number of mushrooms that appear and allows you to obtain mushrooms with thick stems.

Here, the donut-shaped disk 1 placed on the bacterial bed surface will be explained in detail.

First, various materials can be used, such as metal, plastic, ceramics, paper, wood, and glass, but (a) they can be cleaned and sterilized; (b)
Metals or plastics, specifically aluminum, stainless steel, polypropylene, polycarnate, or Teflon, are preferable because they are less likely to attract or grow mold, and (C) are less likely to be damaged (resistant to impact). Further, it is desirable that the thickness of the donut-shaped disk 1 be determined in relation to the material. This is because it is necessary to prevent mushrooms from growing below the donut-shaped disc 1 and growing so as to lift the donut-shaped disc 1.

Therefore, it is effective for the donut-shaped disk 1 to have light blocking properties or to reduce light transmittance. For this purpose, it is most desirable that the material of the donut-shaped disk 1 be an opaque metal.In the case of plastic, it is best to choose an opaque material, apply a coating treatment, or increase the thickness of the plate to make it look like a mushroom. It is necessary to take measures so that growth proceeds preferentially in the opening 9 of the donut-shaped disk 1. Considering these points, it is most practical to use plastic or stainless steel for repeated use, or aluminum foil for disposable use.

Considering the above points, in the case of plastics, 2m
If the plate is made of metal, it is desirable that the plate thickness be 0.2 mm or more. Furthermore, the outer diameter of the donut-shaped disc 1 is made to almost match the inner diameter of the container neck, and the donut-shaped disc 1 can be brought into close contact with the cultivation bottle main body 2 so that even if mushrooms grow from below, the donut-shaped disc 1 will not be pushed up. desirable. On the other hand, the diameter of the opening 9 formed in the center of the donut-shaped disc 1 may be determined depending on the desired shape of the mushroom to be cultivated,
30cm is the standard.

Note that if the outer diameter of the donut-shaped disk 1 is made too small than the inner diameter of the container, mushrooms will grow from the gap between the donut-shaped disk 1 and the container wall, and the donut-shaped disk 1 will cause mushrooms to grow at the bottom. This is not desirable as it can be lifted by However, even if the donut-shaped disc 1 were to be lifted up by the mushroom, the growth rate of the mushroom at the bottom of the donut-shaped disc 1 would be lower than that at the opening 9 of the donut-shaped disc 1, so as a result, the growth rate of the mushroom at the bottom of the donut-shaped disc 1 would be lower than that at the opening 9 of the donut-shaped disc 1. Mushrooms emerging from the opening 9 will preferentially grow. That is, the degree of close contact between the donut-shaped disk 1 and the container has no essential meaning in the present invention.

The method of the present invention is to remove the donut-shaped disk 1 from the surface of the bacterial bed after scraping the bacteria.
The donut-shaped disk 1 is placed at the following times: (a) immediately after scraping the bacteria, (b) immediately after applying water for cleaning the bacteria and removing the excess, and (c) immediately after removing the excess water. Possible cases include (d) after the formation of mushroom primordia on the floor, and (d) after the formation of fruiting bodies. However, the present invention aims to make the generation and growth rate of mushrooms uneven by using a plate such as the donut-shaped disk 1, and the donut may be used at any time between scraping the mushrooms and harvesting the mushrooms. If there is a difference in the development and growth rate of mushrooms depending on the type of disc 1, the optimal time is from immediately after the fungus is scraped until the formation of fruiting bodies is confirmed, especially between immediately after the fungus is scratched and 10 days later. It's time.

On the other hand, the donut-shaped disc 1 may be removed at any time if it is confirmed that mushroom growth has progressed preferentially in the central opening 9 of the donut-shaped disc 1, but within two weeks after sowing the fungus. It is desirable to remove it immediately. The reason for this is that the mushrooms that have emerged from the central opening 9 grow and spread, making it impossible to remove the disk 1. Of course, mushrooms may be grown with this disk 1 attached.

In addition, in the above-mentioned embodiment, an example of a donut-shaped disk was particularly shown, but a polygonal flat plate may be used instead of a disk, and the shape of the opening 9 formed in the center of the plate may be a polygon outside of the daily income. good.

In addition, in the above-mentioned example, the cultivation bottle was explained as an example, but
In short, any cultivation container can be used as long as it has a shape that is applicable to the cultivation of Shirotamogitake mushrooms.

〔Effect of the invention〕

According to the cultivation method and its cultivation member of the present invention, the board placed on the fungus bed surface blocks or suppresses light from reaching the fungus bed surface, thereby suppressing the germination and growth of mushrooms in this area. . As a result, although the bacteria scraping operation is extremely simplified, it has the same commercial value as the conventional method.
You can obtain "Shirotamogitake".

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1(A) is an explanatory diagram showing the installation of a donut-shaped disk on the bacterial bed surface after bacterial seeding in the method of the present invention, FIG. 1(B)
1 is a perspective view of a donut-shaped disk as a cultivation member used in the cultivation method of FIG. Figure 4 is a process diagram showing a typical conventional sawdust bottle cultivation method for Shirotamogitake. ■・・・Doughnut-shaped disc, 2・・・Medium bottle main body, 3・・・Cultivation bottle cap, 4・・・・・・
Culture medium, 5.6... Inoculum, 7... Cotton mycelia, 8... Bacteria scraping portion, 9... Opening. Agent: Patent Attorney Masaru Nishimoto −

Claims (2)

[Claims] (1) In container cultivation of Shirotamogitake, after removing the mycelium that has formed on the top of the medium during culture, a plate with an opening is installed approximately in the center of the top of the medium, and then germination and growth operations are performed. How to grow Shirotamogitake in containers. (2) A plate-shaped material for cultivating Shirotamogitake that has an outer edge that roughly corresponds to the opening of the container for Shirotamogitake cultivation, has an opening in the center, and is made of a material that can block light or reduce light transmittance. Element.