JPH01131791A - Method of excavating shaft - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To efficiently carry muck by submerging only the extreme end part of an excavating machine while pouring water to a working face, advancing the machine while constucting primary lining on the pit wall on the directly over part, and mixing drilled muck with water into slurry and carrying it outside a pit. CONSTITUTION: The upper step part 1a, the intermediate step part 1b, and the lower step part 1c of an excavating device A are connected together through connecting members 1d to constitute a three-step type scaffold 1, and a excavating machine 4 is turnably supported with the center part of the lower step part 1c. A muck carrying device 5 on the lower step part 1c, a slurry carrying device 5 is on the intermediate step part 1b, respectively loaded. The scaffold 1 is hung in a pit, water W is poured into the pit until the extreme end part of the main body 4 submerges, in addition to excavate by the main body 4, the devices 5, 6 are driven, and excavated muck is carried out outside the pit while supplying water from a water supply pipe 18. Simultaneously with this, concrete is sprayed from a concrete spraying pipe 39 to construct primary lining.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION "Field of Industrial Application" The present invention relates to a method for excavating a shaft that is particularly effective when excavating a deep shaft.

``Conventional technology'' ``When excavating a shaft, especially a deep shaft extending several hundred meters, how efficiently the excavated debris can be transported outside the shaft is the key to shortening the construction period and reducing costs. This is an important issue.

Conventionally, in order to transport excavated debris out of the mine, the excavated debris is loaded into kibble or packets and rolled up.

■ Fill the mine with water and raise the excavated shear using an air lift pump, or use the so-called reverse circulation method to pump out water along with the excavated shear.
Separate drilling slag from water outside the mine.

The following methods are generally considered.

``Problems to be solved by the invention'' However, by carrying out the kibble as described in (■) above, the excavated slag can only be carried out intermittently, and it takes a long time to wind up and unwind the kibble and packets. Therefore, it is not efficient and cannot be used in deep shafts.

In addition, by filling the pit with water as described in (■) above, although it is possible to carry out the shear continuously, it is not possible to provide a primary lining to the pit wall during excavation, and the excavator is submerged in water and exposed to high water pressure. Therefore, adequate watertightness and water pressure resistance are required, as well as the problem of having to pull the excavator out of the mine or drain the large amount of water that filled the mine when performing maintenance on the excavator. be.

As described above, none of the conventional shear removal methods are sufficiently effective. Therefore, instead of each of the above methods, it is possible to efficiently transport excavated shear outside the mine, shorten the construction period and reduce costs. It was desired to provide a means that could sufficiently reduce the amount of waste.

"Means for Solving the Problems" This invention was made in view of the above circumstances, and is a method for submerging only the tip of an excavator into water by injecting water into the face, while maintaining the water depth at a constant level. , and excavating while applying a primary lining to the mine wall directly above the water surface, and mixing the excavated slag excavated by the excavator with water to form a slurry, and distributing the slurry outside the mine. It is characterized in that the excavated parts are discharged outside the mine by transporting them to a mine.

"Embodiments" Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4.

1 to 3 schematically show the construction of an excavation apparatus A used in the method of this embodiment, and the reference numeral 1 in the figures indicates that the upper part 1a, the middle part 1b, and the lower part 1c are the connecting members 1d and 1c.・
・This scaffold I is suspended from the ground entrance into the mine by a sheave 2, and is connected to the upper part 1a, the middle part 1b, and the lower part IC. It is held in a predetermined position by pressing grippers 3 attached to the outer periphery against the mine wall.

In addition, reference numeral 4 indicates that the proximal end is the lower part 1c of the scaffold l.
The excavator body A is rotatably supported at the center and extends downward, and a bit 4a is attached to the tip of the excavator body. It is possible to excavate a vertical shaft.

The lower part 1c and the middle part 1b of the above-mentioned scaffold 1 include:
A shear conveyance device 5 and a slurry conveyance device 6 are each mounted.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, the shear conveyance device 5 mounted on the lower part 1c of the scaffold 1 includes a jet pump driving pump 7, an agitation tank 8, an agitation pump 9, and a crusher 1.
0. It is composed of a slurry pump 11, collects the shear excavated by the excavator main body 4 together with water, and guides it to the stirring tank 8, where the shear and water are mixed to form a slurry, and the slurry is further added to the above-mentioned slurry. It is designed to be sent to a transport device 6.

That is, the jet pump driving pump 7 is connected to the water supply pipe 1
2 is discharged as high-pressure jet water through the discharge pipe 13 into the shear discharge pipe 14 attached to the side of the excavator main body 4. From the shear suction port 15 provided in the vicinity of the bit 4a, excavation shear is sucked together with water W that is injected into the mine while maintaining a constant water depth, and the sucked shear and water are passed through the discharge pipe 14 and crushed. It is designed to be fed under pressure to a machine 10. The crusher 10 crushes the pressure-fed scraps into fine pieces and puts them into the stirring tank 8. The scraps and water put into the stirring tank 8 are stirred by the stirring pump 9 to become a slurry, and the slurry is turned into a slurry by the slurry pump 11. The slurry is sent to the above-mentioned slurry transport device 6 through a transport pipe 16.

The water supply pipe 12 connected to the jet pump driving pump 7 is connected to a make-up water pipe 17, and this make-up water pipe 1
7 is connected to a return pipe 37 via a suction pipe 35 of the main pump 22, which will be described later, and fresh water is supplied from the return pipe 37. Makeup water is also supplied to the stirring tank 8 and slurry pump 11 from the make-up water pipe 17, and a make-up water pipe 18 to the face is also connected to the make-up water pipe 17. A flow rate adjustment valve 19 is installed in the middle of the supply water pipe 18 to the face,
The opening degree of this flow 1 regulating valve 19 is adjusted according to the water level detected by the water level detection image 20, thereby adjusting the amount of water supplied to the face, so that the water depth at the face is always maintained constant. ing. The above-mentioned makeup water pipe 18, flow rate adjustment valve 19, and water level detector 20 are connected to water injection means 21 to the face.
It constitutes. Note that the arrows in FIG. 1 indicate the direction in which water and slurry flow.

On the other hand, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the slurry transport device 6 mounted on the middle part 1b of the scaffold 1 is connected to the main pump 22 and the pressure tanks of the pair of pressure tanks 23a and 23b1. A filter 24 is provided to allow water in the slurry to pass through and to prevent shear from passing through.
a, 24b as the main components, the above-mentioned shear conveyance device 5
By concentrating the slurry sent from the mine and transporting it to the wellhead, the shear is discharged outside the mine.

The basic structure and operating principle of this slurry transport device 6 will be explained with reference to FIG. 4. As shown in FIG. 4, branch pipes 16a and 16b of the transport pipe 16 to which slurry is sent from the shear transport device 5 are connected to each tank 23a and 23b via suction check valves 25a and 25b. and a branch pipe 26a of the transport pipe 26 extending to the wellhead;
26b are connected via discharge check valves 27a and 27b. Further, the above-mentioned filters 24a and 24b attached to each tank 23a and 23b include a header pipe 28a,
28b are connected and their header pipes 28a, 28b
is connected to two pipes 29 and 30, with valves 31 and 32 in the middle of the pipe 29 and valve 33 in the middle of the pipe 30.
．． 34 are arranged respectively. The suction pipe 35 and discharge pipe 36 of the main pump 22 are connected to these pipes 29 and 30, respectively.

This slurry transport device 6 condenses and temporarily stores the slurry sent through the transport pipe 16 in one tank by opening and closing the flow valve to switch the flow path of the slurry. By discharging the concentrated slurry stored inside the mine, the pickpocket can be continuously transported outside the mine.

That is, as shown in FIG. 4(a), when the main pump 22 is operated by a deaf person with valves 31 and 34 of the valves surrounding the main pump 22 open and valves 32 and 33 closed, the transfer pipe 16 The sent slurry passes through the suction check valve 25a on the tank 23a side, as shown by the arrow in the figure, and enters the tank 23a.
be sucked into. When the slurry passes through the filter 24a, the water in the slurry passes through but the shear is blocked from passing through, so the slurry is concentrated in the tank 23a and a large amount of shear is stored in the tank 23a. become. The water that has passed through the filter 24a is passed through the filter 24b by the main pump 22 and sent to the other tank 2.
3b, the slurry is compressed and stored in the tank 23b, and is discharged into the transport pipe 26 through the discharge check valve 27b, and transported outside the mine.

When the concentrated slurry in the tank 23b is discharged, the valve 3
1.34 is closed and valve 32.33 is opened. This results in
As shown in (b), the slurry flows in the opposite direction, and this time, the slurry is concentrated in the tank 23b and the shear is stored, and the slurry that was concentrated and stored in the tank 23a is discharged to the transport pipe 26. will be done.

Then, the concentrated slurry transported outside the mine as described above is separated into water and shear outside the mine, and the water after the shear is separated becomes clean water as shown in Figures 1 and 2. ,
Return pipe 37 connected to suction pipe 35 of main pump 22
As already mentioned, a part of the water is supplied to the jet pump drive pump 7 of the shear conveying device 5, the stirring tank 8, and the slurry pump 11 through the above-mentioned make-up water pipe 17, and further Water injection means 2
1, water is also supplied to the face through the supply water pipe 18.

Furthermore, this excavation device A is equipped with a concrete spraying device 38 for applying a primary lining to the pit wall. That is, as shown in FIG. 1, a concrete spray pipe 39 for spraying concrete onto the mine wall is provided in the lower part 1c of the scaffold l, projecting downward. Concrete spraying device 4 is movable in the direction and in the circumferential direction along the inner surface of the pit wall, and is mounted on the scaffold l.
It is now possible to spray concrete sent from zero to the entire circumference of the mine wall just above the water surface.

Note that the reference numeral 41 in FIG. 2 is a hydraulic unit, and the reference numeral 42 in FIGS. 2 and 3 is an opening for transporting articles. Further, although not shown, a dust collector is mounted on the upper part 1a of the scaffold l.

The configuration of the drilling equipment A has been described above, and next, a method for excavating a shaft using this drilling equipment A will be described.

First, suspend the scaffold L in the mine and use the gripper 3.
The excavator main body 4 is held at a predetermined position by ..., and water W is injected into the mine until the depth reaches such that only the tip of the excavator main body 4 is submerged. Then, excavation by the excavator main body 4 is started, and the shear transport device 5. The operation of the slurry transport device 6 is started.

As a result, as already mentioned, the excavated waste becomes slurry and is carried out of the mine. In addition, since the shear is sucked together with the water W, the water level of the water W injected into the face will drop if left as is, but make-up water is automatically supplied from the make-up water pipe 18 to compensate for this, and the water level of the water W is always maintained. held constant.

Furthermore, at the same time as the excavation, concrete is sprayed onto the tunnel wall directly above the water surface using a concrete spray pipe 39 to provide a primary lining. In this case, it is desirable to apply the secondary lining to a position as close as possible to the water surface, and the dimension C shown in FIG. 1 is preferably about 1 meter, for example, and about 3 meters at the maximum.

As explained above, in the excavation method of this embodiment, the water depth at the face is kept constant to the extent that only the tip of the excavator body 4 is submerged in water, so the excavation method is similar to the case of filling a conventional tunnel with water. Ensure that the machine and its attached equipment are watertight.
Water pressure resistance is not required, and maintenance such as bit replacement can be easily performed underground.

In addition, since the shear is continuously transported as a slurry, it is possible to obtain overwhelmingly high efficiency compared to the conventional transport using kibble, and the slurry transport device 6 described above can obtain a sufficient high head and transport amount. Because it is possible to shorten the construction period,
Cost reduction can be achieved sufficiently.

Further, since water is supplied from above to the main pump 22 for transporting slurry, the generated pressure can be lowered by the actual head corresponding to the text of the excavation law, making it possible to save energy.

Furthermore, in this excavation method, the tunnel wall just above the water surface is dug with concrete by spraying it with a primary lining, making it possible to deal with collapse of the tunnel wall and abnormal water leakage during excavation. .

In addition, if the depth of the shaft is extremely large and the slurry transport device 6 mounted on the drilling equipment alone cannot transport the slurry to the wellhead due to insufficient lift, a slurry transport device for relaying is installed in the middle of the shaft. , the slurry may be transported to the wellhead while being relayed.

"Effects of the Invention" As explained in detail above, 1. This invention injects water into the face to submerge only the tip of the excavator, maintains the water depth constant, and excavates while applying a primary lining to the tunnel wall directly above the water surface. Therefore, water tightness and water pressure resistance are not required for the excavator and attached equipment, unlike in the case of filling water in a conventional mine.In addition, the excavator can be easily maintained in the mine. It is possible to deal with collapse of mine walls and abnormal water leakage.

Furthermore, since the excavated slag is mixed with water to form a slurry and the slurry is transported outside the mine, the excavated sludge is discharged outside the mine, making it possible to obtain sufficient high head and transportation volume. Transport by hand can be carried out extremely efficiently, and as a result, it is possible to sufficiently shorten the construction period and reduce the cost of shaft excavation work.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figures 1 to 4 show a schematic configuration of an excavation rig that is effective for carrying out the method of this invention. Figure 1 is an elevational view, and Figure 2 is a line drawn along the line Fig. 3 is a plan sectional view taken along the line III-I in Fig. 1, and Figs. 4 (a) and (b) are diagrams for explaining the basic configuration of the slurry transport device and its operating principle. . A...Drilling equipment, W...Water, 4...
... Excavator main body (excavator), 5 ... Shear conveyance device, 6 ... Slurry transport device, 21 ... Injection means, 38 ... Concrete spraying device , 39
・・・・・・Concrete spray pipe.

Claims (1)

[Claims] Water is injected into the face to submerge only the tip of the excavator, and while maintaining the water depth constant, the excavation is carried out while applying a primary lining to the tunnel wall directly above the water surface, and the above-mentioned A method for excavating a vertical shaft, characterized in that the excavated slag excavated by an excavator is mixed with water to form a slurry, and the slurry is transported outside the mine to discharge the excavated sludge outside the mine.