JP7528472B2 - Building - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a building in which two wooden buildings with different building uses are connected by a connecting building surrounded by fire-resistant walls.

In recent years, the "Law Concerning the Promotion of Wood Use in Public Buildings, etc." has been enacted, and the use of wood in buildings is being promoted as a national policy. Recently, attention has been focused on the so-called "wood education," which aims to develop a rich mind that can proactively think about the relationship between people and forest resources by using wood from an early age. The Forestry Agency is also promoting wood education initiatives for children and adults to deepen their familiarity with wood resources and understanding of wood culture through contact with wood and wooden products. However, when planning a wooden building, the current Building Standards Act has strict regulations on fire resistance for large and special buildings, so if general wooden structures are used, buildings are often limited to a certain size or smaller, making it difficult to build a large wooden building. Therefore, inventions have been proposed that make it possible to build large wooden buildings by improving the fire resistance of wood used in the main structural parts (for example, Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2).

In the invention described in Patent Document 1, a load-bearing layer for supporting a load and a laminated layer having a burnable portion and a fire-stopping portion are joined by a joining means to form a laminated timber for the main structural parts, thereby improving the fire resistance of the building itself, and thus enabling the construction of a large-scale wooden building. In addition, the invention described in Patent Document 2 discloses that a wooden building can be made fire-resistant by covering wooden structural beams with similarly wooden covering members.

Patent Publication 2017-075456 Patent Publication 2013-204261

However, while the inventions described in Patent Documents 1 and 2 make it possible to construct larger wooden buildings, they require the use of special structures and materials to improve the fire resistance of the main structural materials, resulting in higher construction and material manufacturing costs compared to buildings constructed with normal wooden structures. On the other hand, there are cases where a large wooden facility is constructed by connecting two wooden buildings, each with a floor area of a certain size or less that does not require strict fire resistance under the Building Standards Act, with a corridor surrounded by fire-resistant walls to use them as a single facility; however, in this case, the space and flow of the two buildings are divided by the corridor, making it difficult to maintain the unity of the facility as a whole.

The present invention was made in consideration of the above-mentioned problems, and aims to provide a building that can create a large wooden space without using special structures or materials, while maintaining the unity of the entire building.

A first building of the present invention comprises two wooden buildings, each of which is made of a wooden structure, and a connecting building which connects the two wooden buildings together and is surrounded by a fireproof wall body which is also made of a wooden structure, the connecting building being accessible to one of the wooden buildings through a first entrance and to the other wooden building through a second entrance located opposite the first entrance, the connecting building being used as a room space, the two wooden buildings having different building uses, the one wooden building having a first hall which is elongated in plan view and connects rooms within the one wooden building, the first hall being located facing the first entrance, the other wooden building having a first hall which is elongated in plan view and connects rooms within the other wooden building, the other wooden building having a first hall which is elongated in plan view and connects rooms within the other wooden building, the first hall being located facing the first entrance, a second hall which is elongated in a plan view connecting the first and second entrances and exits is arranged facing the second entrance, the first hall and the second hall are arranged in a straight line on either side of the connecting building , the first hall is used as a living room, the second hall has a floor finishing material made of wood and has exposed wooden beams extending in the short direction on its ceiling, a plurality of living rooms are arranged in opposing positions on the short side of the first hall, and a plurality of living rooms are arranged in opposing positions on the short side of the second hall, and the plurality of living rooms arranged facing the first hall each have a floor finishing material made of wood and have exposed wooden beams on their ceiling .

The second building of the present invention is characterized in that one of the two wooden buildings is an after-school care facility, and the other wooden building is a children's center and a child-rearing support center.

The third building of the present invention is characterized in that the two wooden buildings each have exposed wooden beams or wooden columns inside the room, and the floor finishing materials in the living rooms are made of solid wood.

According to the first building of the present invention, the connecting building can be accessed from one wooden building through a first entrance and from the other wooden building through a second entrance located opposite the first entrance, so that a room space can be created that can be stayed in from both wooden buildings, and the spaces of the two wooden buildings can be linked without being separated, maintaining the unity of the entire building. In addition, the first hall, which is located facing the first entrance, and the second hall, which is located facing the second entrance, are located in a straight line with the connecting building in between, so that each wooden building can have a wide view of the wooden building facing it across the connecting building, and the unity of the entire building can be maintained while the wooden buildings with different uses are gently separated by the connecting building.

In the second building of the present invention, one of the two wooden buildings is an after-school care facility, while the other is a children's center and child-rearing support center. The two wooden buildings, which have different roles, are gently separated by a connecting building, but the first and second halls provide good visibility, allowing the child welfare facility to maintain a sense of unity as a whole, providing a sense of security to children who use each facility.

According to the third building of the present invention, the two wooden buildings each have exposed wooden beams or columns inside, and the flooring in the rooms is made of solid wood, so that children who use each facility can feel closer to wood and become more familiar with wood resources, effectively promoting wood education.

Horizontal cross section showing a child welfare facility. Horizontal cross section showing the fireproof building. FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the portion X in FIG. 2 . Horizontal cross-section showing the first wooden building. Cross-sectional view of line AA in Figure 4. Horizontal cross section showing the children's center. Horizontal cross section showing the child care support center. FIG.

The following describes an embodiment of a building according to the present invention with reference to the figures. In this application, "east," "west," "south," and "north" refer to "right," "left," "bottom," and "top" in Figures 1, 4, 6, and 8.

As shown in Figure 1, the building 1 of the present application is a long and narrow single-story building running east to west, and is a complex that includes multiple facilities for carrying out child welfare-related activities. This building 1 is also a facility that promotes so-called "wood education," which aims to deepen the familiarity with wood resources and understanding of wood culture among children who use the facility through contact with wood.

The building 1 has two wooden buildings 2 and 3, each with a different building purpose, and a fireproof building 4 that connects the two wooden buildings 2 and 3. Of the two wooden buildings 2 and 3, the first wooden building 2, located on the west side, is used mainly as an after-school care facility to provide a place for elementary school children to play and live after elementary school classes are over. The other wooden building, the second wooden building 3, facing the first wooden building 2 across the fireproof building 4, is a building consisting of a children's center 5 where children from elementary school students who mainly use the after-school care facility in the first wooden building 2 to local junior and senior high school students can deepen their interactions through play and learning, and a child-rearing support center 6 that provides support for child-rearing for local families with children. Visitors to each building can enter and exit the building 1 through the after-school entrance D1 and the entrance entrance D2, which are located on the south side of the first wooden building 2 and the second wooden building 3, respectively.

1 and 2, the fireproof building 4 is a building with a generally rectangular shape in plan view, and is surrounded by a fireproof wall Wf that meets the fireproof performance requirements of the Building Standards Act. As shown in FIG. 3, the fireproof wall Wf has a predetermined fireproof performance by doubling up fireproof covering material 4b made of gypsum board with a thickness of 21 mm on the inside and outside of a plurality of wooden pillars 4a that are erected at regular intervals. In addition, on the outdoor side of the wooden pillars 4a, a waterproof sheet 4c, a fireproof covering material 4b, a ventilation layer 4d of about 15 to 20 mm, and an exterior finishing material 4e are installed in that order from the indoor side. The fireproof wall Wf is separated from each wooden building 2, 3 to form a gap S, and this gap S is blocked by a metal plate 4f installed on the outdoor side and a cedar board 4g installed on the indoor side. In this case, since the fireproof wall Wf itself meets the fireproof performance, the metal plate 4f and cedar boards 4g do not need to have special properties as a fireproof belt, and no special construction method is required to close the gap S. Therefore, the blocking material installed on the outside to block wind and rain can be installed using the conventional construction method of fitting the metal plate 4f, which is usually used around the exterior wall, into the edge Wa of each wall W1 of each wooden building 2, 3, suppressing the increase in material costs and construction costs, and bringing a sense of unity to the exterior design of the entire building 1. In the illustrated example, the gap S formed between the fireproof wall Wf and the first wooden building 2 is shown, but a similar gap S is formed between the fireproof wall Wf and the second wooden building 3, and the gap S can be blocked by the metal plate 4f and cedar boards 4g.

As shown in FIG. 2, the fireproof building 4 is composed of a counter corner 41, a first warehouse 42, and a rest hall 43, which are located on the side of the first wooden building 2, and visitors can take a short break by using the counter 41a installed in the counter corner 41 and the vending machine 43a in the rest hall 43. The fireproof building 4 can also come and go between the first wooden building 2 through the first entrance D3 formed in the fireproof wall body Wf facing the counter corner 41, and between the second wooden building 3 through the second entrance D4 located opposite the first entrance D3. In this way, the building 1 can maintain the unity of the entire building without interrupting the flow between the space of the first wooden building 2 and the space of the second wooden building 3 by making the fireproof building 4 a room space that can be used from each of the wooden buildings 2 and 3, rather than simply a passageway connecting the wooden buildings 2 and 3. In addition, a fire door SD that is always open is installed at the second entrance D4, and a sliding door WD that gently separates the wooden buildings 2 and 3 is installed between the counter corner 41 and the rest hall 43.

Next, the configuration of the first wooden building 2 and the second wooden building 3 shown in Figure 1 will be described. In this embodiment, the two wooden buildings 2 and 3 each have a floor area of 500 square meters or more, and the combined floor area exceeds 1000 square meters, so they are fire-resistant partitioned by fire-resistant walls Wf and fire doors SD that have fire resistance performance based on Article 112 of the Enforcement Order of the Building Standards Act. In other words, both wooden buildings 2 and 3 can use ordinary wood materials that have not been specially processed as interior materials, as long as they comply with the minimum interior restriction regulations set out in the Building Standards Act and ordinances.

As shown in Figures 1 and 4, the first wooden building 2 is made up of a first after-school care room 21 and a second after-school care room 22, which are located on the west side, separated into north and south, a staff toilet 23 located east of the first after-school care room 21, a first office 24, a storeroom 25 located east of the second after-school care room 22, a first entrance hall 26, and a first hall 27 that is long and narrow in the east-west direction and connects each room.

The first and second after-school care rooms 21 and 22 shown in Fig. 4 are mainly places where elementary school children play and study after elementary school classes. The first and second after-school care rooms 21 and 22 are rooms with the same functions formed symmetrically on either side of the first hall 27, so here we will mainly explain the first after-school care room 21 and omit the explanation of the second after-school care room 22. As shown in Figs. 4 and 5, the first after-school care room 21 consists of a childcare room 210 where children spend their time and a toilet for after-school children 211, and the childcare room 210 is appropriately equipped with multiple storage shelves 210a, multiple desks 210b used by children to study and play, and a backpack shelf 210c for storing backpacks and baggage. In the first after-school care room 21, solid cedar wood is used for the areas that children can touch directly, such as the floor finishing material of the care room 210, the fitting frame 210d installed around the opening AW facing the room 210, the baseboard 210e, and the wall finishing material on the side of the after-school toilet 211 facing the care room 210, and the main frame of the school bag shelf 210c is made of laminated cypress wood. Furthermore, wooden beams 71 are exposed in part of the ceiling of the care room 210, allowing children to study and play in a space where they can feel close to wood.

As shown in Figure 4, the after-school care rooms 21, 22 thus formed are not connected by a simple narrow corridor, but by a first hall 27 with a short-side distance L1 of approximately 3500 mm to 4500 mm. The wide first hall 27 not only functions as a passageway, but can also be used as a play area for children, making it easy for children in each after-school care room to interact with children in the opposing after-school care rooms.

As shown in Figure 1, the second wooden building 3 is divided into a children's center 5 and a support center 6 by a partition wall W2 extending in the north-south direction. As shown in Figure 6, the children's center 5 is composed of a playroom 51 located in the northwest, a meeting room 52 located to the east of the playroom 51, a library 53 located in the southeast, a second entrance hall 54 located next to the west of the library 53, a second office 55, a visitor's toilet 56, and a second hall 57 that is long and narrow in the east-west direction connecting these rooms and connecting the children's center 5 and the child-rearing support center 6. A first courtyard 58 is also formed between the playroom 51 and the meeting room 52. The child-rearing support center 6 adjacent to the children's hall 5 is located on the north side as shown in Figure 1, and is made up of a lunchroom 61 where young children eat, a parent-child toilet 62, a second storeroom 63, a baby room 64, and a library corner 65, a baby corner 66, and a play corner 67 located south of the baby room 64, each space separated by wooden furniture. Furthermore, a second courtyard 68 is formed between the lunchroom 61 and the library corner 65.

The children's center 5 and the child-rearing support center 6, like the after-school care rooms 21 and 22 described above, use a lot of wood both indoors and outdoors so that children who visit can feel the warmth of wood. For example, in the children's center 5 shown in Figure 6, the floor finishing materials of the playroom 51 where children can enjoy simple sports, the meeting room 52 where children can do creative activities after school, the library 53 which is the center of interaction between local residents, and the second hall 57 which connects these rooms are made of solid cedar, and wooden beams 71 are exposed in parts of the ceilings of the library 53 and the second hall 57. In particular, the library 53, which is adjacent to the second entrance hall 54 and where children and local residents often come and go, is a warm space with exposed wooden pillars 4a. In the child-rearing support center 6 shown in Figures 7 and 8, solid cedar wood is used extensively for interior materials such as the floor finishing materials, baseboards 6a, and fitting frames 6b installed at the openings facing each space in the library corner 65, baby corner 66, and play corner 67. The presence of wood is also enhanced by separating adjacent corners 65, 66, and 67 with multiple wooden shelves 6c, and by installing a wooden bookshelf/bench 6d in the library corner 65. The corners of the trim material of the waist wall 6f shown in Figure 8, the baseboards 6a, fitting frames 6b, and each piece of furniture are finished with curved surfaces, ensuring that visiting infants and young children can use the facility safely.

Furthermore, the second courtyard 68 of the child-rearing support center 6 shown in Figure 7, the outdoor playground 9 on the south side which can be accessed from the library corner 65 and the play corner 67, and the first courtyard 58 of the children's center 5 shown in Figure 6 each have wooden decks installed at the same height as the floor height of the adjacent rooms, allowing children to come into contact with wood and nature even when playing outdoors.

The second hall 57 in Fig. 6, which connects the children's hall 5 and the child-rearing support center 6 in this way, is wider than a mere passageway and has a short-side distance L2 of about 2500 mm to 4500 mm, similar to the first hall 27 described above, so that it can be used as a place of interaction connecting visitors. Also, as shown in Fig. 1, the first hall 27 and the second hall 57 are arranged in a straight line with the fireproof building 4 in between, and provide a wide view of the opposing wooden buildings. Therefore, while the fireproof building 4 gently separates the first wooden building 2 and the second wooden building 3 in the building 1, the flow of space between the wooden buildings 2 and 3 is linked without interrupting them, maintaining a sense of unity as a whole facility.

In this way, the building 1 of the present application connects the first wooden building 2 and the second wooden building 3 with the fireproof building 4, which serves as a fireproof partition. Therefore, even if the total floor area of the two wooden buildings is equal to or greater than a certain area that requires strict fireproof performance under the Building Standards Act, as long as the total floor area of one wooden building is equal to or less than a certain area, it is not necessary to make the building a building with special fireproof performance such as a fireproof building or a semi-fireproof building. Therefore, it is possible to effectively reduce the construction costs and material production costs when constructing the building 1 while building a larger-scale wooden facility. In addition, it is possible to increase children's interest in wood resources and promote wood education through exposed wooden structural materials, interior finishing materials using wood, and furniture. The types of wood used in the building 1 are not particularly limited, and wood other than the types mentioned above may be used.

The embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiment, and can be modified as appropriate without departing from the scope of the concept of the present invention.

The building according to the present invention can be used effectively to construct larger wooden facilities and promote wood cultivation.

1. Building 2. First wooden building (one of the wooden buildings, after-school care facility)
27 First Hall 3 Second Wooden Building (the other wooden building)
4. Fireproof building (connecting building)
4a Wooden pillar 5 Children's center 57 Second hall 6 Childcare support center 71 Wooden beam D3 First entrance D4 Second entrance

Claims (3)

The building comprises two wooden buildings each made of a wooden structure, and a connecting building which connects the two wooden buildings and is surrounded by a fireproof wall body made of a wooden structure;
A building in which the connecting building can be accessed from one wooden building through a first entrance and can be accessed from the other wooden building through a second entrance located opposite the first entrance, and the connecting building is used as a room space,
The two wooden buildings have different building uses.
The one wooden building has a first hall that is elongated in a plan view and connects rooms in the one wooden building, the first hall being disposed facing the first entrance;
The other wooden building has a second hall that is elongated in a plan view and connects the rooms in the other wooden building, the second hall being disposed facing the second entrance;
The first hole and the second hole are arranged in a straight line with the connection building in between,
The first hall is used as a living room,
The second hall has a floor finishing material made of wood and a wooden beam extending in a short direction is exposed on the ceiling.
A plurality of rooms are arranged in a short side direction of the first hall so as to face each other across the first hall,
A plurality of rooms are arranged in a short side direction of the second hall so as to face each other across the second hall ,
The building is characterized in that the plurality of rooms facing the first hall each have floor finishing materials made of the wood material and each have wooden beams exposed on the ceiling . The building according to claim 1, characterized in that one of the two wooden buildings is an after-school care facility and the other is a children's center and a child-rearing support center. The building described in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that the two wooden buildings each have exposed wooden beams or wooden columns inside the building, and the floor finishing materials in the living rooms are made of solid wood.

Images