JP7470119B2 - 無血清培地におけるベクター産生 - Google Patents
無血清培地におけるベクター産生 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本出願は、2018年8月24日に出願された米国特許仮出願第62/722,784号の出願日の恩恵を主張し、その開示は、参照によってその全体を本明細書に組み入れる。
本明細書で提供される核酸配列およびアミノ酸配列は、37C.F.R.1.822に定義されるように、ヌクレオチド塩基に対する標準的な文字省略形、およびアミノ酸に対する3文字コードを使用して示される。配列表は、2016年5月9日に作成された5KBの「2016-05-09_Cal-0013WO_ST25.txt」という名前のASCIIテキストファイルとして提出され、これを、参照によって本明細書に組み入れる。
本明細書で使用する場合、単数形の用語「1つの(a)」、「1つの(an)」、および「その(the)」は、文脈において別段示さない限り、複数の指示物を含む。同様に、単語「または」は、文脈において別段示さない限り、「および」を含むことが意図される。
レンチウイルスベクター(LV)は、分裂細胞および非分裂細胞の両方を安定して形質導入するためのそれらの効率および能力が理由で、遺伝子導入のための重要なツールである。その結果、研究者は、多種多様の臨床応用において遺伝子送達ビヒクルとして、それを使用している。それにもかかわらず、現行適正製造基準(cGMP)方法を使用する大規模な臨床的産生は、レンチウイルスベクターを使用するより多くの臨床試験が規制当局の承認を受ける場合に考慮されなければならない一連の課題を伴う。cGMP適合方法を設計する際に考慮すべき重要な事項の1つは、規制上の考慮すべき事項を、複数のcGMP産生のために一貫性があるレンチウイルスを産生することができる製造方法に統合する必要があることである。臨床的に使用されているレンチウイルスベクターの大多数は、一過的トランスフェクションによって産生されている。しかし、一過的トランスフェクションベースの産生は、しばしば労働集約的であり、変動しやすい。このような理由で、いくつかの安定なパッケージング細胞株システムが最近開発された。レトロウイルスベクターおよびレンチウイルスベクターの生物的製造のためのこれらの細胞株の使用は、拡張性と一貫性の両方の理由で特に魅力的であるが、そのような株の開発は時間がかかり、これらの株のcGMP使用ための規制経路はしっかりと確立されていない。
いくつかの実施形態では、本開示は、新規な多用途のマルチクローニングサイト(MCS)を含む、ヒト免疫不全ウイルスタイプ1(HIV-1)ベースの第3世代の自己不活性化(SIN)レンチウイルストランスファーベクタープラスミド(以降、「pUC57-TL20」と称される)を提供する(図11を参照されたい)。
本開示のいくつかの実施形態には、安定な産生細胞株の細胞を形成し、生成された安定な産生細胞株の細胞から産生されたレトロウイルスベクター(レンチウイルスベクターを含める)を回収する方法がある。いくつかの実施形態では、生成された産生細胞株の細胞から産生されたレンチウイルスベクターは反復回収され、例えば、約40~約56時間ごとに反復回収される。図2を参照すると、安定な産生細胞株の産生の第1工程は、第1および第2のプラスミドからDNA断片を生成すること(10)を含み、プラスミドのうちの1つは抗生物質抵抗性カセットプラスミドである。例えば、DNA断片は、レンチウイルスベクタートランスファープラスミドおよび抗生物質抵抗性カセットプラスミドから生成することができる。DNA断片の生成(10)に続いて、次いで、DNAを使用してコンカテマーアレイを形成する(20)。
本明細書で互換的に使用される「コンカテマー」または「コンカテマーアレイ」は、直接的または間接的に直列に連結された同じDNA配列の複数のコピーを含む、長い連続的なDNA分子を指す。いくつかの実施形態では、コンカテマーアレイは、パッケージング細胞株の細胞のトランスフェクションで生成され、使用される。いくつかの実施形態では、コンカテマーアレイは、連結されたベクターゲノム発現カセットの大きなアレイであり、その中に抗生物質抵抗性カセットが散在している。
コンカテマーアレイの精製後、次いで、アレイはパッケージング細胞株の細胞をトランスフェクトするために使用される。本明細書で使用する場合、用語「形質転換」および「トランスフェクション」は、外来核酸(例えば、DNAまたはRNA)を細胞に導入するための当技術分野で認識される様々な技法を指すことが意図される。本明細書で提供される例から明らかなように、レンチウイルス粒子の産生に許容的な宿主細胞に生成されたコンカテマーアレイをトランスフェクトすると、細胞は産生細胞、すなわち、感染性レンチウイルス粒子を産生する細胞になる。
クローンの選択および選択されたクローンの拡大に続いて、選択されたクローンは、ウイルスベクター、例えば、レトロウイルスベクター、レンチウイルスベクターを産生するように誘導される。いくつかの実施形態では、誘導は当業者に既知の手順に従って行うことができる。
第1の例示的方法
第1の例示的方法では、各工程で、すなわち、培養段階で、産生段階で、および細胞の継代の間で、血清を含む培地が利用される。いくつかの実施形態では、血清を含む培地はD10血清含有培地である。いくつかの実施形態では、D10血清含有培地は、ダルベッコ改変イーグル培地(DMEM)および熱不活性化ウシ胎仔血清(10%)(すなわち、使用前に既に熱不活性化されたウシ胎仔血清)を含む。
(1)産生株の培養ディッシュの古い培養培地を可能な限り完全に除去し、1×PBSで細胞を洗浄する。
第2の例示的方法では、各工程で、すなわち、細胞の継代の間で、培養段階で、および産生段階で、血清含有培地が利用される。いくつかの実施形態では、血清含有培地はD10である。
本開示は、無血清培地を使用して2日間の回収を行う方法も提供する。以下に記載の第3のおよび第4の実施形態で詳しく述べるように、培養段階または産生段階の少なくとも1つで無血清培地を利用することができる。
第3の例示的方法では、無血清培地がいくつかの工程で(例えば、培養と産生の両方の段階で)使用され、一方で、血清含有培地が他の工程で(例えば、細胞の継代の間)使用される。いくつかの実施形態では、血清含有培地はD10血清含有培地であり;無血清培地はUltraCULTURE(商標)培地(Lonzaから入手可能)である。いくつかの実施形態では、無血清培地は、1つまたはそれ以上の増殖因子および/または脂質、例えば、「脂質混合物補充物」(Sigma L5145から入手可能)を場合により含むことができる。UltraCULTURE(商標)培地とSigma L5145培地の両方は、ベクター産生の間細胞を安定化した。表AおよびB(上記)ならびに図21Aおよび21Bに比較データを提供する。
(1)ウイルスベクター産生で使用する前に、(例えば、凍結から回復させるために)解凍後少なくとも4回細胞を継代する。
第4の例示的方法では、無血清培地が産生段階で使用され;一方で、血清含有培地が培養段階および細胞の継代の間の両方で使用される。いくつかの実施形態では、血清を含む培地はD10血清含有培地であり;無血清培地はUltraCULTURE(商標)培地(Lonzaから入手可能)(場合により添加増殖因子、例えば、EX-CYTE(登録商標)を含む)である。EX-CYTE(登録商標)補充物は、様々な哺乳動物細胞において細胞増殖およびタンパク質産生を増強することが証明されている代謝因子のバランスの取れたプロファイルを提供する、コレステロール、リポタンパク質および脂肪酸の水溶性濃縮物である。いくつかの実施形態では、約1%のv/vのEX-CYTEを培養培地に加えた。産生段階で無血清培地を使用する場合、細胞は、適合手順を介して進行する必要がなかったことが考えられる。これに対して、無血清培地を培養段階で使用した場合、細胞は、無血清培地の使用へ適合するのにいくらかの時間を必要としたことが考えられる。
(1)ウイルスベクター産生で使用する前に、解凍後少なくとも約4回細胞を継代する。
本明細書に記載の方法を使用して、HIV-1融合インヒビター、C46と組み合わせて、HIV-1共受容体CCR5のダウンレギュレーションのための低分子ヘアピン型RNA(shRNA)をコードする自己不活性化レンチウイルスベクター(SIN-LV)である、LVsh5/C46の産生のための安定細胞株を生成した。一過的トランスフェクションによって産生されたこのレンチウイルスベクターは、現在、HIV感染個体における臨床試験で評価されている。ここでは、LVsh5/C46および他のSIN-LVの臨床的製造へのこのシステムの適用を支持するために、一過的トランスフェクションによって産生されたLVsh5/C46と本明細書に記載の方法を使用して産生されたLVsh5/C46の比較解析を行った。
GPRG細胞株システムは、自己不活性化レンチウイルスベクター(SIN-LV)の臨床的産生のために以前に確立された。ここでは、LVsh5/C46の産生のための、GPRGに基づく産生細胞株を開発した(LVsh5/C46はHIV感染個体の治療ためにクリニックで現在評価されているSIN-LVである)。このベクターは、2つのウイルス侵入インヒビター;HIV共受容体CCR5に対する低分子ヘアピン型RNAであるsh5、およびウイルス融合インヒビターであるC46をコードする。さらに、LVsh5/C46の生物的産生のためのGPRGシステムの規制当局への提出書類(regulatory filling)および臨床応用に必要とされる、GPRGパッケージング細胞株、GRPG-ベースのLVsh5/C46産生細胞株およびテトラサイクリン誘導後のLVsh5/C46産生の安定性を本実験によって決定した。
工程1
脱イオン水490mLを50×TAE10mL((Tris-アセテート-EDTA)バッファー)と混合することによって、1×TAEランニングバッファー500mLを調製する。
アガロースゲルからDNAバンドを切り出す。
氷上で、1.7mL Eppendorf微量遠心チューブ中にライゲーション反応をセットアップする。
GPRG細胞へのトランスフェクションより前に、シリカベースのメンブレン(DNeasy Blood & Tissueキット)によって、コンカテマーアレイを回収し、精製した。
ウイルスベクター産生で使用する前に、解凍後少なくとも4回細胞を継代する。
HEK-293T/17はHEK-293Tのサブクローンである。これらの細胞はSV-40T抗原を安定して発現し、特にその高いトランスフェクト能力のために特定のクローンを選択した。HEK-293T/17に基づくマスター細胞バンクを生成した(HEK-293T/17MCB)。
(1)pSFG tcLuc ECT3は、レトロウイルスベクター骨格プラスミド(SFG)の誘導体であり、テトラサイクリン調節性プロモーターシステムを使用して調節された遺伝子発現に適合されている(Lindemann,D.、Patriquin,E.、Feng,S.、& Mulligan,R.C.Versatile retrovirus vector systems for regulated gene expression in vitro and in vivo.Mol.Med.3、466~476(1997));
(2)CMVエンハンサー/プロモーター駆動性コドン最適化HIV NL4-3 gagpol遺伝子;
(3)pMSCVpacに由来するPGKプロモーター駆動性ピューロマイシン抵抗性遺伝子(Hawley,R.G.、Lieu,F.H.、Fong,A.Z.、& Hawley,T.S.Versatile retroviral vectors for potential use in gene therapy.Gene Ther.1、136~138(1994))。
(1)上記のNL4-3系統配列に基づくHIV rev 遺伝子、および
(2)pSFG tcLuc ECT3(上記)。
GPRG細胞へのトランスフェクションより前に、シリカベースのメンブレン(DNeasy Blood & Tissueキット)によって、コンカテマーを回収し、精製した。
以下の表4は、本明細書に記載の方法に従って合成された2つの安定な産生細胞株の細胞を要約する。TL20-Cal1-wpreおよびTL20-Unc-GFPベクターに関するデータを図20A、20Bおよび20Cにさらに図示する。
いくつかの実施形態では、合成されたベクターは、以下に挙げる治療的遺伝子のうちのいずれかを含むことができる。例えば、以下に挙げる遺伝子のうちのいずれかをコードする核酸を本明細書に記載の組換えプラスミドに挿入することができる。いくつかの実施形態では、治療的遺伝子は単一遺伝子の障害を治す。いくつかの実施形態では、治療的遺伝子は、免疫不全、遺伝性疾患、血液疾患(例えば、血友病、ヘモグロビン障害)、リソソーム蓄積症、神経学的疾患、血管新生障害またはがんを治療するために使用される。
Claims (26)
- 安定な産生細胞株の細胞からベクター上清を回収する方法であって:安定な産生細胞株の細胞から血清含有培地中でレンチウイルスベクター産生を誘導すること;およびレンチウイルスベクターの最初の回収に続いて40~56時間ごとに、1つまたはそれ以上の脂質を含む無血清培地中で、誘導された安定な産生細胞株の細胞からレンチウイルスベクターを反復回収することを含む、前記方法。
- 反復回収の各個別の回収の間、0.5×106TU/mL~4×106TU/mLの範囲に及ぶウイルス力価の産生を提供する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- ウイルス力価は、反復回収の各個別の回収の間、0.5×106TU/mL~2×106TU/mLの範囲に及ぶ、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- ウイルス力価は、反復回収の各個別の回収の間、0.5×106TU/mL~1.5×106TU/mLの範囲に及ぶ、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- レンチウイルスベクターは少なくとも5回回収される、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- レンチウイルスベクターは少なくとも10回回収される、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- レンチウイルスベクターは少なくとも20回回収される、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 反復回収は10日~90日の間の範囲に及ぶ期間にわたって行われる、請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 反復回収は20日~70日の間の範囲に及ぶ期間にわたって行われる、請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 安定な産生細胞株の細胞は血清含有培地中で継代され;細胞は無血清培地中で培養される、請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 安定な産生細胞株の細胞は血清含有培地中で継代され;細胞は血清含有培地中で培養される、請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- レンチウイルスベクターの最初の回収は誘導後少なくとも40時間で行われる、請求項1~11のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- レンチウイルスベクターは48時間ごとに反復回収される、請求項1~12のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 無血清培地は1つまたはそれ以上の添加物を含む、請求項1~13のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- レンチウイルスベクターは治療的遺伝子をコードする核酸配列を含む、請求項1~14のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 治療的遺伝子は、鎌状赤血球症を治すか、または鎌状赤血球症の1つの症状を少なくとも軽減する、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 治療的遺伝子は、ガンマ-グロビン遺伝子、C1エステラーゼインヒビタータンパク質、ブルトンチロシンキナーゼおよびウィスコット・アルドリッチ症候群タンパク質からなる群から選択される、請求項15に記載の方法。
- レンチウイルスベクターはHPRTまたはCCR5をノックダウンするためのRNA干渉薬剤をコードする核酸配列を含む、請求項1~17のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- レンチウイルスベクターは(i)HPRTをノックダウンするためのRNA干渉薬剤をコードする第1の核酸配列、および(ii)治療的遺伝子をコードする第2の核酸配列を含む、請求項1~18のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 反復回収は、さらなる生成された安定な産生細胞株の細胞を導入することなく、誘導された生成された安定な産生細胞株の細胞に新鮮な無血清培地を加えることを含む、請求項1~19のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 安定な産生細胞株の細胞は、GPR、GPRG、GPRT、GPRGTもしくはGPRT-Gパッケージング細胞株、またはその誘導体の1つに由来する、請求項1~20のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 安定な産生細胞株の細胞は、(a)1つまたはそれ以上の遺伝子を組換えプラスミドにクローニングすることによって、ベクターを合成すること;(b)(i)合成されたベクターから切除された発現カセットおよび(ii)抗生物質抵抗性カセットプラスミドから得られた発現カセットからコンカテマーアレイを形成すること;(c)GPR、GPRG、GPRT、GPRGTおよびGPRT-Gからなる群から選択されるパッキング細胞株の細胞に形成されたコンカテマーアレイをトランスフェクトすること;ならびに(d)安定な産生細胞株の細胞を単離すること、によって生成される、請求項1~21のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 組換えプラスミドは、パッケージングシグナルをコードするヌクレオチド配列;セントラルポリプリントラクトをコードするヌクレオチド配列;Rev応答エレメントをコードするヌクレオチド配列;および自己不活性化ロングターミナルリピートをコードするヌクレオチド配列を含む、請求項22に記載の方法。
- 合成されたベクターは、ヒポキサンチンホスホリボシルトランスフェラーゼ(「HPRT」)をノックダウンするためのshRNAをコードする核酸配列を含む、請求項22に記載の方法。
- 合成されたベクターは、治療的遺伝子をコードする核酸配列を含む、請求項22に記載の方法。
- 治療的遺伝子は、ガンマ-グロビン遺伝子、C1エステラーゼインヒビタータンパク質、ブルトンチロシンキナーゼおよびウィスコット・アルドリッチ症候群タンパク質からなる群から選択される、請求項25に記載の方法。
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