JP7443378B2 - プレリチウム化エネルギー貯蔵デバイスのための組成物及び方法 - Google Patents
プレリチウム化エネルギー貯蔵デバイスのための組成物及び方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7443378B2 JP7443378B2 JP2021540107A JP2021540107A JP7443378B2 JP 7443378 B2 JP7443378 B2 JP 7443378B2 JP 2021540107 A JP2021540107 A JP 2021540107A JP 2021540107 A JP2021540107 A JP 2021540107A JP 7443378 B2 JP7443378 B2 JP 7443378B2
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- PPNAOCWZXJOHFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Mn+2] PPNAOCWZXJOHFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
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- RBYFNZOIUUXJQD-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetralithium oxalate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O RBYFNZOIUUXJQD-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
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- BHZCMUVGYXEBMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N trilithium;azanide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[NH2-] BHZCMUVGYXEBMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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Description
本出願は、2019年1月15日に出願された米国仮出願番号62/792,544の利益を主張し、その全体は参照によりここに組み込まれる。
本発明は、エネルギー貯蔵デバイスに関し、特にエネルギー貯蔵デバイスの電極の組成物及び製造方法に関する。
様々なタイプのエネルギー貯蔵デバイスを使用して、例えばコンデンサ、バッテリ、コンデンサバッテリハイブリッド及び/又は燃料電池を含む、電子機器に電力を供給できる。改良された電極配合及び/又は製造プロセスを使用して準備された電極を備える、従来の又は固体リチウムイオンコンデンサ又はバッテリなどの、エネルギー貯蔵デバイスは、改良されたコンデンサの電気的性能を促進し得る。改良された電極配合及び/又は製造プロセスを使用して準備された電極を備えるリチウムイオンコンデンサ又はバッテリは、改良されたサイクル性能、低減された等価直列抵抗(ESR)値、増加した電力密度性能及び/又は増加したエネルギー密度性能を示し得る。改良された電極配合及び/又は製造プロセスはまた、エネルギー貯蔵デバイス製造のより低いコストを促進し得る。
本開示は、エネルギー貯蔵デバイスで使用するための、プレリチウム化材料を含む電極フィルム、及びその製造方法に関する。例えば、プレリチウム化材料は、対応するエネルギー貯蔵デバイスの初期サイクル中に電極上に固体電解質中間相(SEI)層を形成する際に消費されるリチウムを補うために電極フィルムに組み込み得る。プレリチウム化材料の反応はまた、ガスを生成する場合があり、これは、電極の多孔度を有益に増加させ得る。
ここで使用される場合、「バッテリ」及び「コンデンサ」という用語は、当業者にとってのそれらの通常の且つ慣習的な意味を与えられるべきである。「バッテリ」及び「コンデンサ」という用語は、互いに排他的ではない。コンデンサ又はバッテリは、単独で動作することも、マルチセルシステムのコンポーネントとして動作することもできる、単一の電気化学セルを指し得る。
特定の実施形態及び例を以下に記載するが、当業者は、本発明が、具体的に開示された実施形態及び/又は使用並びにそれらの明白な変更及び同等物を超えて拡張することを理解するであろう。したがって、ここに開示される本発明の範囲は、以下に記載する特定のどのような実施形態によっても限定されるべきではないことが意図されている。
電極のプレリチウム化は、電気化学デバイスの最初のサイクル中に消費されたリチウムを補うことを可能にでき、それはその後のサイクルにはもはや利用できない。犠牲的なプレリチウム化材料は、例えば最初のサイクル中にアノード上に固体電解質中間相(SEI)層を形成する際に、消費されるリチウムを補うために、電極に組み込まれ得る。
例1は、図2に示すプロセスにしたがい形成された電極フィルムを説明する。過酸化リチウムを、アルゴングローブボックス内の低い設定で、10分間、Waringブレンダ内で5対2の比でSuperP(登録商標)カーボンブラックと混合する。図3Aは、過酸化リチウムのSEM画像を示し、これはサブミクロンの一次粒子を示している。図3Bは、5対2の比でSuperP(登録商標)カーボンブラックと混合された過酸化リチウムのSEM画像を示し、これは、両方の成分の密接な混合及び均一な分布を示している。図2を参照して説明したように、この第1の乾燥混合物を混合して、過酸化リチウム及び導電性カーボンブラックの分散を確実にした。ここで過酸化リチウム及びSuperP(登録商標)は、3000rpmで30秒の、間に30秒の冷却を行う、断続的なパルスで混合した。前記ブレンディングは、ブレンディング中の混合物の過度の加熱を回避するために、過酸化リチウム及びSuperP(登録商標)混合物の温度を約100℃未満に制限した。
2Li2O2+2H2O→4LiOH+O2
図5は、例1で製造した2%過酸化リチウムセル及び過酸化リチウムを含まない対照セルの電気化学的プロファイルを示す。リチウムイオンを含有する過酸化リチウムのカソード電極の電気化学的サイクルは、過酸化リチウムからの酸素の電気化学的放出による初期充電容量の増加を示し、2%過酸化リチウムを添加すると約10mAh/gの充電容量の増加がみられる。これは、すべての過酸化リチウムが利用された場合、理論上の22mAh/gの約45%に相当する。この追加の充電容量は、形成サイクル中のアノードの不可逆容量を補うために利用できる。
Claims (23)
- エネルギー貯蔵デバイスの乾燥電極フィルムであって、
乾燥活物質と、
乾燥バインダと、
前記乾燥活物質及び前記乾燥バインダの全体に均一に分布した乾燥プレリチウム化材料と、
を含み、
前記乾燥電極フィルムは、自立型であり、溶媒残留物を含まない、
乾燥電極フィルム。 - 請求項1に記載の乾燥電極フィルムにおいて、
前記乾燥プレリチウム化材料は、Li2O、Li2O2、Li2S、Li3N、LiN3、LiF、Li5FeO4、Li2NiO2、Li6CoO4及びLi2MoO3又はそれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される、乾燥電極フィルム。 - 請求項1又は2に記載の乾燥電極フィルムにおいて、
前記乾燥プレリチウム化材料はLi2O2である、乾燥電極フィルム。 - 請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の乾燥電極フィルムにおいて、
前記乾燥プレリチウム化材料は、前記乾燥電極フィルムの0.5~10重量%を構成する、乾燥電極フィルム。 - 請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の乾燥電極フィルムにおいて、
前記乾燥活物質は乾燥カソード活物質である、乾燥電極フィルム。 - 請求項5に記載の乾燥電極フィルムにおいて、
前記乾燥カソード活物質は、硫黄又は硫黄含有材料を含む、乾燥電極フィルム。 - 請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の乾燥電極フィルムにおいて、
前記乾燥プレリチウム化材料は、元素リチウム金属を含まない、乾燥電極フィルム。 - 請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の乾燥電極フィルムを備える、エネルギー貯蔵デバイス。
- 請求項8に記載のエネルギー貯蔵デバイスにおいて、
前記エネルギー貯蔵デバイスはバッテリである、エネルギー貯蔵デバイス。 - エネルギー貯蔵デバイスの乾燥電極フィルムの乾燥製造方法であって、
乾燥プレリチウム化材料と乾燥導電性炭素添加剤とを混合して、第1の乾燥混合物を形成することと、
前記第1の乾燥混合物と乾燥活物質とを混合して、第2の乾燥混合物を形成することと、
乾燥フィブリル化可能バインダを前記第2の乾燥混合物に添加して、乾燥電極フィルム混合物を形成することと、
前記乾燥電極フィルム混合物における前記乾燥フィブリル化可能バインダをフィブリル化することと、
を含み、
前記乾燥製造方法は、溶媒を含まない乾燥製造プロセスである、製造方法。 - 請求項10に記載の製造方法において、
前記乾燥電極フィルム混合物をカレンダ処理して、自立型の乾燥電極フィルムを形成することをさらに含む、製造方法。 - 請求項11に記載の製造方法において、
前記自立型の乾燥電極フィルムを集電体上に配置して電極を形成することをさらに含む、製造方法。 - 請求項12に記載の製造方法において、
前記電極をエネルギー貯蔵デバイスに組み込むことと、
前記エネルギー貯蔵デバイスの初期サイクルを実行し、それによりプレリチウム化材料を酸化することと、
をさらに含む、製造方法。 - 請求項10~13のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法において、
前記第1の乾燥混合物と前記乾燥活物質とを混合することは、乾燥炭素材料と乾燥導電性炭素材料とを混合して、前記第2の乾燥混合物を形成することをさらに含む、製造方法。 - 請求項10~14のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法において、
前記乾燥プレリチウム化材料と前記乾燥導電性炭素添加剤とを混合することは、第1の混合物の温度が最大でも150℃であるように行われる、製造方法。 - 請求項10~15のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法において、
前記乾燥プレリチウム化材料と前記乾燥導電性炭素添加剤とを混合することは、第1の混合物の温度が最大でも100℃であるように行われる、製造方法。 - 請求項10~16のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法において、
前記乾燥プレリチウム化材料と前記乾燥導電性炭素添加剤とを混合することは、プレリチウム化材料の一次粒子と導電性炭素添加剤との間に電気的接触を生じさせる、製造方法。 - 請求項10~17のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法において、
前記乾燥プレリチウム化材料と前記乾燥導電性炭素添加剤とを混合することは、前記第1の乾燥混合物を過度に加熱することなく行われる、製造方法。 - 請求項10~18のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法において、
前記乾燥プレリチウム化材料と前記乾燥導電性炭素添加剤との比は10:1~1:1である、製造方法。 - 請求項10~19のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法において、
前記乾燥プレリチウム化材料と前記乾燥導電性炭素添加剤との比は5:1~5:3である、製造方法。 - 請求項10~20のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法において、
前記第1の乾燥混合物と前記乾燥活物質とを混合することは、第2の混合物の温度が最大でも100℃であるように行われる、製造方法。 - 請求項10~21のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法において、
前記乾燥プレリチウム化材料と前記乾燥導電性炭素添加剤とを混合することは、前記第1の乾燥混合物の温度が最大でも200℃であるように行われる、製造方法。 - 請求項10~22のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法において、
前記乾燥プレリチウム化材料は、元素リチウム金属を含まない、製造方法。
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