JP7435308B2 - 冷凍サイクル装置 - Google Patents
冷凍サイクル装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7435308B2 JP7435308B2 JP2020111492A JP2020111492A JP7435308B2 JP 7435308 B2 JP7435308 B2 JP 7435308B2 JP 2020111492 A JP2020111492 A JP 2020111492A JP 2020111492 A JP2020111492 A JP 2020111492A JP 7435308 B2 JP7435308 B2 JP 7435308B2
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- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 title claims description 61
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 261
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims description 118
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 102
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 161
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 32
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 26
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 24
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 22
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 20
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000004781 supercooling Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000007791 dehumidification Methods 0.000 description 9
- 101000874364 Homo sapiens Protein SCO2 homolog, mitochondrial Proteins 0.000 description 8
- 102100035546 Protein SCO2 homolog, mitochondrial Human genes 0.000 description 8
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010721 machine oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 3
- 102100034112 Alkyldihydroxyacetonephosphate synthase, peroxisomal Human genes 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 101000799143 Homo sapiens Alkyldihydroxyacetonephosphate synthase, peroxisomal Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000848 angular dependent Auger electron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000005357 flat glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical group [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002528 anti-freeze Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013870 dimethyl polysiloxane Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004205 dimethyl polysiloxane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
- B60H1/00878—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
- B60H1/00899—Controlling the flow of liquid in a heat pump system
- B60H1/00921—Controlling the flow of liquid in a heat pump system where the flow direction of the refrigerant does not change and there is an extra subcondenser, e.g. in an air duct
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
- B60H1/00878—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
- B60H1/00899—Controlling the flow of liquid in a heat pump system
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- B60H1/00271—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit
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- B60H1/143—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant otherwise than from cooling liquid of the plant, e.g. heat from the grease oil, the brakes, the transmission unit the heat being derived from cooling an electric component, e.g. electric motors, electric circuits, fuel cells or batteries
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- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60L9/16—Electric propulsion with power supply external to the vehicle using ac induction motors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
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- B60H2001/00928—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices comprising a secondary circuit
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
- Cooling, Air Intake And Gas Exhaust, And Fuel Tank Arrangements In Propulsion Units (AREA)
Description
冷媒を吸入して圧縮し吐出する圧縮機(11)と、
圧縮機から吐出された冷媒を放熱させて、車室内空間へ送風される空気を加熱する放熱部(12、42)と、
放熱部で放熱された冷媒を減圧させる減圧部(14a、14c)と、
減圧部で減圧された冷媒に外気から吸熱させる外気吸熱部(16、19、50、54)と、
減圧部で減圧された冷媒に廃熱機器(80、56)の廃熱を吸熱させる廃熱吸熱部(19)と、
外気吸熱部に導入される外気の通路の開度を調整するように開閉するシャッタ(90)と、
外気吸熱部および廃熱吸熱部での冷媒の吸熱量よりも廃熱機器の廃熱量が多いと判断される場合、シャッタを閉じる制御部(60)とを備える。
図1~図13を用いて、第1実施形態を説明する。本実施形態では、本発明に係る冷凍サイクル装置10を、電動モータから走行用の駆動力を得る電気自動車に搭載された車両用空調装置1に適用している。車両用空調装置1は、バッテリ温度調整機能付きの空調装置である。車両用空調装置1は、空調対象空間である車室内空間の空調を行うとともに、バッテリ80の温度を調整する。
TAO=Kset×Tset-Kr×Tr-Kam×Tam-Ks×Ts+C…(F1)
Tsetは温度設定スイッチによって設定された車室内設定温度である。Trは内気センサによって検出された車室内温度である。Tamは外気センサによって検出された車室外温度である。Tsは日射センサによって検出された日射量である。Kset、Kr、Kam、Ksは制御ゲインであり、Cは補正用の定数である。
室外器単独暖房モードでは、チラー19で低温側熱媒体から吸熱することなく、室外熱交換器16で外気から吸熱してヒータコア42で空気を加熱する。
並列暖房モードでは、室外熱交換器16で外気から吸熱するとともにチラー19で低温側熱媒体から吸熱してヒータコア42で空気を加熱する。
チラー単独暖房モードでは、室外熱交換器16で外気から吸熱することなく、チラー19で低温側熱媒体から吸熱してヒータコア42で空気を加熱する。
室外器単独暖房モードでは、サイクル制御装置60が、図5に示す室外器単独暖房モードの制御フローを実行する。まず、ステップS900では、ヒータコア42にて空気を加熱できるように、高温側熱媒体の目標高温側熱媒体温度TWHOを決定する。目標高温側熱媒体温度TWHOは、目標吹出温度TAOおよびヒータコア42の効率に基づいて、制御マップを参照して決定される。本実施形態の制御マップでは、目標吹出温度TAOの上昇に伴って、目標高温側熱媒体温度TWHOが上昇するように決定される。
SW={TAO+(Tefin+C2)}/{TWH+(Tefin+C2)}
…(F2)
TWHは、高温側熱媒体温度センサ66aによって検出された高温側熱媒体温度である。C2は制御用の定数である。室外器単独暖房モードでは、目標吹出温度TAOが高くなるのでエアミックスドア34の開度SWが100%に近づく。このため、室外器単独暖房モードでは、室内蒸発器18通過後の空気のほぼ全流量がヒータコア42を通過するように、エアミックスドア34の開度が決定される。
並列暖房モードでは、サイクル制御装置60が、図7に示す並列暖房モードの制御フローを実行する。まず、ステップS500では、ヒータコア42にて空気を加熱できるように、室外器単独暖房モードと同様に、高温側熱媒体の目標高温側熱媒体温度TWHOが決定される。
冷却モードでは、サイクル制御装置60が、図10に示すチラー単独暖房モードの制御フローを実行する。まず、ステップS1000~S1020では、室外器単独暖房モードのステップS900~S920と同様に、高温側熱媒体の目標高温側熱媒体温度TWHO、圧縮機11の回転数の増減量ΔIVO、目標過冷却度SCO2を決定する。
上記第1実施形態のステップS30では、算出した廃熱量と吸熱量とを比較することで廃熱量が吸熱量よりも大きいか否かが判定されるが、本実施形態のステップS30では、冷凍サイクル装置10の作動状態に基づいて廃熱量が吸熱量よりも大きいか否かが判定される。
本実施形態は、図15に示すように、上記第1実施形態に対してバイパス通路22aが廃止されている。したがって、本実施形態では、(2)並列暖房モードがない。(3)チラー単独暖房モードでは、室外熱交換器16での冷媒温度が外気温度と同等になるように暖房用膨張弁14aが制御される。これにより、チラー単独暖房モードでは、室外熱交換器16での吸熱が停止され、チラー19にて吸熱される。
上記実施形態では、暖房冷却モード時に室外熱交換器16で外気から冷媒に吸熱させるが、本実施形態では、図16に示すように、暖房冷却モード時に室外熱交換器16で外気から冷媒に吸熱させるが、低温側ラジエータ54、低温側熱媒体回路50およびチラー19で外気から低温側熱媒体を介して冷媒に吸熱させる。本実施形態の低温側ラジエータ54、低温側熱媒体回路50およびチラー19は、冷媒に外気から吸熱させる外気吸熱部である。
本発明は上述の実施形態に限定されることなく、本発明の趣旨を逸脱しない範囲内で、以下のように種々変形可能である。また、上記各実施形態に開示された手段は、実施可能な範囲で適宜組み合わせてもよい。例えば、冷凍サイクル装置10の加熱部として、室内凝縮器を採用してもよい。
12 水冷媒熱交換器(放熱部)
14b 冷房用膨張弁(減圧部)
14c 冷却用膨張弁(減圧部)
16 室外熱交換器(外気吸熱部)
19 チラー(廃熱吸熱部)
42 ヒータコア(放熱部)
56 冷却対象機器(廃熱機器)
60 サイクル制御装置(制御部)
80 バッテリ(廃熱機器)
90 シャッタ
Claims (6)
- 冷媒を吸入して圧縮し吐出する圧縮機(11)と、
前記圧縮機から吐出された前記冷媒を放熱させて、車室内空間へ送風される空気を加熱する放熱部(12、42)と、
前記放熱部で放熱された前記冷媒を減圧させる減圧部(14a、14c)と、
前記減圧部で減圧された前記冷媒に外気から吸熱させる外気吸熱部(16、19、50、54)と、
前記減圧部で減圧された前記冷媒に廃熱機器(80、56)の廃熱を吸熱させる廃熱吸熱部(19)と、
前記外気吸熱部に導入される前記外気の通路の開度を調整するように開閉するシャッタ(90)と、
前記外気吸熱部および前記廃熱吸熱部での前記冷媒の吸熱量よりも前記廃熱機器の廃熱量が多いと判断される場合、前記シャッタを閉じる制御部(60)とを備える冷凍サイクル装置。 - 前記制御部は、前記外気吸熱部への前記冷媒の流れが遮断されている場合、前記シャッタを閉じる請求項1に記載の冷凍サイクル装置。
- 前記制御部は、
前記外気吸熱部の前記冷媒の温度に起因する物理量と外気温度とに基づいて前記外気吸熱部が吸熱しているか否かを判定し、
前記外気吸熱部が吸熱していると判定した場合、前記外気吸熱部および前記廃熱吸熱部での前記冷媒の吸熱量よりも前記廃熱機器の廃熱量が多いか否かを判断し、
前記外気吸熱部および前記廃熱吸熱部での前記冷媒の吸熱量よりも前記廃熱機器の廃熱量が多いと判断される場合、前記シャッタを閉じる請求項1または2に記載の冷凍サイクル装置。 - 前記廃熱吸熱部は、前記廃熱機器を冷却する熱媒体から前記冷媒に吸熱させ、
さらに、前記熱媒体と前記外気とを熱交換させるラジエータ(54)を備え、
前記シャッタは、前記ラジエータに導入される前記外気の通路も開閉し、
前記制御部は、前記熱媒体の温度が強制冷却温度以上になった場合、前記シャッタを開く請求項1ないし3のいずれか1つに記載の冷凍サイクル装置。 - 前記廃熱吸熱部で前記廃熱機器の廃熱を吸熱する廃熱回収モードと、前記外気吸熱部で前記外気から吸熱する外気吸熱モードとを切り替え可能になっており、
前記廃熱吸熱部は、前記廃熱機器を冷却する熱媒体から前記冷媒に吸熱させ、
前記制御部は、前記熱媒体の温度が廃熱回収温度以上になった場合、前記廃熱回収モードに移行し、前記廃熱回収モードにおいて、前記外気吸熱部および前記廃熱吸熱部での前記冷媒の吸熱量よりも前記廃熱機器の廃熱量が多いと判断される場合、前記シャッタを閉じる請求項1ないし4のいずれか1つに記載の冷凍サイクル装置。 - 前記廃熱機器は、車両の走行負荷が高くなると廃熱量が多くなるという特性を有しており、
前記制御部は、前記走行負荷が所定負荷を超えている場合、前記シャッタを閉じる請求項1ないし5のいずれか1つに記載の冷凍サイクル装置。
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