JP7402541B2 - 抗インフルエンザノイラミニダーゼモノクローナル抗体およびその使用 - Google Patents
抗インフルエンザノイラミニダーゼモノクローナル抗体およびその使用 Download PDFInfo
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- C07K16/08—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from viruses
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Description
本出願は、2018年5月3日に提出された米国仮出願第62/666,180号の優先権を主張する。本出願の内容は、その全体が参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
本発明は、国立衛生研究所により授与された5R21AI116285およびNIH 272201400005Cの下、政府の支援によってなされた。政府は本発明において一定の権利を有する。
抗体
本明細書に開示される本発明は、抗インフルエンザ広域中和モノクローナル抗体またはその抗原結合断片に関与する。これらの抗体は、複数のインフルエンザウイルス株を中和する中和抗体のクラスを指す。抗体は、B/ブリスベン/60/2008等のインフルエンザウイルスによる致死的攻撃から、対象(例えば、以下の例に示すマウス)を予防的および治療的に保護することができる。
特定の実施形態において、本明細書に提供される抗体は抗体断片である。抗体断片は、限定されないが、Fab、Fab’、Fab’-SH、F(ab’)2、Fv、および一本鎖Fv(scFv)断片、ならびに以下に記載される他の断片、例えば、ダイアボディ、トリアボディ、テトラボディ、および単一ドメイン抗体を含む。特定の抗体断片の概説については、Hudson et al.,Nat.Med.9:129-134(2003)を参照されたい。scFv断片の概説については、例えば、The Pharmacology of Monoclonal Antibodies,vol.113,Rosenburg and Moore eds.,(Springer-Verlag,New York),pp.269-315(1994)のPluckthunを参照されたく、また、WO93/16185、および米国特許第5,571,894号および同第5,587,458号も参照されたい。サルベージ受容体結合エピトープ残基を含み、増加したインビボ半減期を有するFabおよびF(ab’)2断片の考察については、米国特許第5,869,046号を参照されたい。
キメラおよびヒト化抗体
特定の実施形態において、本明細書に提供される抗体はキメラ抗体である。特定のキメラ抗体は、例えば、米国特許第4,816,567号、およびMorrison et al.,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA,81:6851-6855(1984))に記載されている。一例において、キメラ抗体は、非ヒト可変領域(例えば、マウス、ラット、ハムスター、ウサギ、またはサル等の非ヒト霊長類に由来する可変領域)およびヒト定常領域を含む。さらなる例において、キメラ抗体は、クラスまたはサブクラスが親抗体のものから変更された「クラス転換された」抗体である。キメラ抗体は、その抗原結合断片を含む。
ヒト抗体
特定の実施形態において、本明細書に提供される抗体はヒト抗体である。ヒト抗体は、当該技術分野で既知の様々な技術を使用して、または本明細書に記載の技術を使用して産生することができる。ヒト抗体は、一般的に、van Dijk and van de Winkel,Curr.Opin.Pharmacol.5:368-74(2001)and Lonberg,Curr.Opin.Immunol.20:450-459(2008)に記載されている。
変異体
特定の実施形態において、本明細書に提供される抗体のアミノ酸配列変異体が企図される。例えば、抗体の結合親和性および/または他の生物学的特性を改善することが望ましい場合がある。抗体のアミノ酸配列変異体は、抗体をコードするヌクレオチド配列に適切な修飾を導入することによって、またはペプチド合成によって調製することができる。そのような修飾は、例えば、抗体のアミノ酸配列内における残基の欠失および/または挿入および/または置換を含む。最終構築物が所望の特徴、例えば抗原結合を有する限り、最終構築物に到達するために、欠失、挿入、および置換の任意の組み合わせを行うことができる。
特定の実施形態において、1つ以上のアミノ酸置換を有する抗体変異体が提供される。置換突然変異誘発の対象となる部位には、HVRおよびFRが含まれる。保存的置換は本明細書において定義される。アミノ酸置換を目的の抗体に導入し、生成物を所望の活性、例えば、抗原結合の保持/改善、免疫原性の低下、またはADCCもしくはCDCの改善についてスクリーニングすることができる。
塩基性側鎖を有するアミノ酸(例えば、リジン、アルギニン、ヒスチジン)、
酸性側鎖を有するアミノ酸(例えば、アスパラギン酸、グルタミン酸)、
非荷電極性側鎖を有するアミノ酸(例えば、グリシン、アスパラギン、グルタミン、セリン、スレオニン、チロシン、システイン、トリプトファン)、
非極性側鎖を有するアミノ酸(例えば、アラニン、バリン、ロイシン、イソロイシン、プロリン、フェニルアラニン、メチオニン)、
β分岐側鎖を有するアミノ酸(例えば、スレオニン、バリン、イソロイシン)、および
芳香族側鎖を有するアミノ酸(例えば、チロシン、フェニルアラニン、トリプトファン、ヒスチジン)。
特定の実施形態において、本明細書に提供される抗体は、抗体がグリコシル化される程度を増加または減少させるように変更される。抗体へのグリコシル化部位の付加または欠失は、1つ以上のグリコシル化部位が作製されるかまたは除去されるようにアミノ酸配列を変更することによって便利に達成することができる。
Fc領域変異体
本明細書に記載の抗体の可変領域は、Fc、例えば、IgG1、IgG2、IgG3またはIgG4 Fcに結合(例えば、共有結合または融合)することができ、これは、任意のアロタイプまたはアイソアロタイプであり得、例えば、IgG1の場合、Glml(a)、Glm2(x)、Glm3(f)、Glml7(z);IgG2の場合、G2m、G2m23(n);IgG3の場合、G3m、G3m21(gl)、G3m28(g5)、G3ml l(b0)、G3m5(bl)、G3ml3(b3)、G3ml4(b4)、G3ml0(b5)、G3ml5(s)、G3ml6(t)、G3m6(c3)、G3m24(c5)、G3m26(u)、G3m27(v);およびKの場合、Km、Kml、Km2、Km3であり得る(例えば、Jefferies et al.(2009)mAbs 1:1を参照)。特定の実施形態において、本明細書に記載の抗体可変領域を、1つ以上の活性化Fc受容体(FcγI、FcγllaまたはFcγIIIa)に結合するFcに結合し、それによってADCCを刺激し、T細胞枯渇を引き起こし得る。特定の実施形態において、本明細書に記載の抗体可変領域は、枯渇を引き起こすFcに結合される。
本明細書に提供される抗体は、当該技術分野で既知であり、容易に入手可能な追加の非タンパク質部分を含むようにさらに修飾され得る。抗体の誘導体化に適した部分は、限定されないが、水溶性ポリマーを含む。
制作方法
抗体は、例えば、米国特許第4,816,567号に記載されているように、組換え方法および組成物を使用して産生することができる。一実施形態において、本明細書に記載の抗体をコードする単離された核酸が提供される。そのような核酸は、抗体のVLを含むアミノ酸配列および/またはVHを含むアミノ酸配列(例えば、抗体の軽鎖および/または重鎖)をコードし得る。さらなる実施形態において、そのような核酸を含む1つ以上のベクター(例えば、発現ベクター)が提供される。さらなる実施形態において、そのような核酸を含む宿主細胞が提供される。そのような一実施形態において、宿主細胞は、以下を含む(例えば、形質転換されている):(1)抗体のVLを含むアミノ酸配列および抗体のVHを含むアミノ酸配列をコードする核酸を含むベクター、または(2)抗体のVLを含むアミノ酸配列をコードする核酸を含む第1のベクター、および抗体のVHを含むアミノ酸配列をコードする核酸を含む第2のベクター。一実施形態において、宿主細胞は、真核生物、例えば、チャイニーズハムスター卵巣(CHO)細胞またはリンパ系細胞(例えば、Y0、NS0、Sp20細胞)である。一実施形態において、抗体を作製する方法が提供され、この方法は、抗体の発現に適した条件下で、上記のように抗体をコードする核酸を含む宿主細胞を培養し、任意選択的に宿主細胞(または宿主細胞培養培地)から抗体を回収することを含む。
組成物および製剤
本発明の抗体は、単独で、またはヒトにおけるヒトインフルエンザ感染の治療のための追加の抗インフルエンザウイルス抗体を含む抗体カクテルとして、抗ウイルス療法を開発するための優れた方法を意味する。
使用法と方法
インフルエンザに対する現在の抗ウイルス治療(例えば、オセルタミビル/タミフル、アマンタジン/リマンタジン)は最適ではなく、耐性の発生率が高く、治療域が限られている(症状の発症後48時間以内に開始する必要がある)(Beigel J,et al.2008.Antiviral Res 78:91-102;Garcia-Sastre A.2006.Emerg Infect Dis 12:44-47;and Marathe BM,et al.2016.Sci Rep 6:26742)。モノクローナル抗体は、一部には、その高度な特異性、限られたオフターゲット効果、および優れた安全性プロファイルのために、成長している薬剤クラスであり続けている。本明細書に記載の抗体、組成物および製剤は、インフルエンザウイルスを中和し、それによってインフルエンザ感染を治療するために使用することができる。
定義
本明細書で言及される「抗体」という用語は、全抗体および任意の抗原結合断片またはその一本鎖を含む。全抗体は、ジスルフィド結合によって相互接続された少なくとも2つの重(H)鎖および2つの軽(L)鎖を含む糖タンパク質である。各重鎖は、重鎖可変領域(本明細書ではVHと略される)および重鎖定常領域から構成される。重鎖定常領域は、CH1、CH2、およびCH3の3つのドメインから構成される。各軽鎖は、軽鎖可変領域(本明細書ではVLと略される)および軽鎖定常領域から構成される。軽鎖定常領域は1つのドメイン、CLから構成される。VHおよびVL領域は、より保存されたフレームワーク領域(FR)と称される領域の間に散在する、相補性決定領域(CDR)と称される超可変領域にさらに細分化することができる。各VHおよびVLは、アミノ末端からカルボキシ末端まで配置された、3つのCDRおよび4つのFRからなる:FR1、CDR1、FR2、CDR2、FR3、CDR3、FR4。重鎖可変領域のCDRおよびFRは、HFR1、HCDR1、HFR2、HCDR2、HFR3、HCDR3、HFR4である。軽鎖可変領域のCDRおよびFRは、LFR1、LCDR1、LFR2、LCDR2、LFR3、LCDR3、LFR4である。重鎖および軽鎖の可変領域は、抗原と相互作用する結合ドメインを含む。抗体の定常領域は、免疫系の様々な細胞(例えば、エフェクター細胞)および古典的な補体系の第1の成分(CIq)を含む、宿主組織または因子への免疫グロブリンの結合を媒介することができる。
本明細書で使用される「Kassoc」または「Ka」という用語は、特定の抗体-抗原相互作用の会合速度を指すことを意図し、一方、本明細書で使用される「Kdis」または「Kd」という用語は、特定の抗体-抗原相互作用の解離速度を指すことを意図する。本明細書で使用される「KD」という用語は、Kaに対するKdの比(すなわち、Kd/Ka)から得られ、モル濃度(M)として表される解離定数を指すことを意図する。抗体のKD値は、当該技術分野で十分に確立された方法を用いて決定することができる。抗体のKDを決定するための好ましい方法は、表面プラズモン共鳴を使用すること、好ましくは、Biacore(登録商標)システム等のバイオセンサーシステムを使用することによるものである。
この実施例では、以下の例2~7で使用される材料と方法について説明する。
実施例2
インフルエンザN2およびNB特異的ヒトモノクローナル抗体を末梢血形質芽細胞から単離した。端的に述べると、免疫の1週間後に末梢血から形質芽細胞(CD19+IgD-CD38+CD27++)を単一細胞選別し、RT-PCRに供して免疫グロブリン重鎖および軽鎖可変領域を増幅およびクローニングし、組換えhmAbを得た。HmAbをNA反応性についてELISAによりスクリーニングした。3つのN2特異的hmAb(図1A)および6つのNB特異的hmAb(図1B)を、ELISAによって複数のNAタンパク質への結合について試験した。図1Cに示されるように、NA B/ホンコン/330/2001に対するKPF2の親和性は、KPF2がチップに結合し、NAが異なる濃度で流れ込んだ表面プラズモン共鳴によって決定した。
実施例3
上記のように、IIVで誘導したIBV NA特異的抗体の特徴と機能的可能性を定義するために、D7形質芽細胞は、IBV NA特異的血漿IgGレベルの上昇を示した2人の対象(105および134)からの単一細胞として選別され、免疫グロブリン重鎖および軽鎖可変領域をクローニングして、組換え完全hMAbを生成した。続いて、2016/2017 IIV(FLUZONE)に加えて、ビクトリア(B/ホンコン/330/2001)および山形(B/フロリダ/04/2006)ウイルス系統からの組換えIBV NAタンパク質への強い結合を示す6つのIBVNA特異的hMAbを単離した(図5A)。
実施例4
対象134からクローニングされた2つのhMAb(1086C12および1086F8)は、同じ可変重鎖(VH3-30)およびラムダ軽鎖(Vλ1-47)遺伝子の使用量とCDR3の長さを共有し、77%のHCDR3相同性および86%のLCDR3相同性を示すため、クローン的に関連している可能性がある。hMAb 1086C12のVH鎖は、生殖系列VH3-30から1086F8よりも高いレベルの突然変異を示したが、1086F8のVλはVλ1-47生殖系列から1086C12よりも高い突然変異を示した。同様に、hMAb 1092D4および1122C7はクローン的に関連しており、同じ可変重鎖(VH3-23)および軽鎖(Vλ6-57)遺伝子の使用量を共有し、生殖系列からの突然変異の程度が同程度である。これらの2つのhMAbにも、λCDR3およびHCDR3の同一の例があり、末端残基のみが異なる(1092D4=D、1122C7=E)。NA特異的1092E10 hMAbは、hMAbの中で最も長い(22アミノ酸)HCDR3を有するという特徴がある。全てのIBV NA特異的hMAbは、生殖系列から中程度の突然変異を示したことから(VH:8%~15%のアミノ酸(aa)、VL:6%~11%のaa)、親和性成熟が起こったことが示唆される。hMAbがクローニングされた形質芽細胞によって発現された天然の重鎖定常領域配列を調べると、IgA1である1122C6を除いて、全てがIgG1であった。
実施例5
この例では、発明者らは次に、蛍光ベースのマイクロ中和アッセイを使用することにより、同定された6つのIBV NA hMAbがウイルス感染を阻害する能力を評価した。そのために、MDCK細胞をビクトリア系統の代表的なメンバーであるmCherry発現インフルエンザB/ブリスベン/60/2008ウイルスに感染させ、次いでIBV NA hMAbの2倍段階希釈液(開始濃度10μg/ml)とともにインキュベートし、続いて阻害レベルの定量化を行った(図6A)。特に、hMAb 1086C12、1086F8、1092D4、1092E10、および1122C6は、ウイルス感染に対して用量依存的な阻害活性を示したが、有効性のレベルは異なり、1092E10が最も強力なhMAbであった。しかしながら、hMAb 1122C7は、アッセイで試験された濃度では有意な阻害を示さなかった(図6A)。
実施例6
IBV NA特異的hMAbの広範かつロバストなインビトロ中和活性を考慮して、IBV NA hMAbパネルのインビボでの保護幅を調査するために感染のマウスモデルを用いてアッセイを実施した(図9)。
実施例7
長寿命の骨髄形質細胞は、持続的な循環抗体の主要な供給源であると推定される。D7形質芽細胞から単離されたIBV NA特異的hMAbが長寿命の骨髄形質細胞で持続するかどうかを決定するために、1年後に対象105から骨髄を採取した:この時点で、IBV NA特異的血漿IgGは依然として検出可能であった。骨髄CD138+形質細胞、全骨髄B細胞、およびD7全末梢血B細胞を、免疫グロブリンレパートリーのVH3標的ディープシーケンシングに供した。CD138+形質細胞および全骨髄B細胞の間で1092E10クローン系統のメンバーを同定した:CD138+形質細胞の多くは、1092E10hMAbで見られたものを超えるさらなる体細胞超変異を示していた。同様に、1092D4/1122C7クローン系統のメンバーが、D7全末梢血B細胞にも見られるものと同一のVH配列を有するものも含めて、CD138+形質細胞内に見られた。これらの結果は、保護効果を有するIBV NA特異的B細胞系統が、IIV免疫後に長寿命のCD138+骨髄形質細胞レパートリー内で持続することを示している。
実施例8
上記の実施例5に記載されたものと同様のアッセイを実施して、上記のN2特異的mAb:1092A9、1092B6、1092G4、および1090G9を調べた。その結果を図7に示す。端的に述べると、MDCK細胞を示されるウイルスにモック感染または感染させ、その後固定し、1μg/mlのNA特異的hMAbで染色し、NAタンパク質発現をIFAによって評価した。KPF1は、このIFAの内部対照として使用されるH1特異的hMAbである。結果は、複数のH3N2ウイルスに結合するmAbの幅が増加したことを示している。
Claims (17)
- (i)HCDR1、HCDR2、およびHCDR3を含む重鎖可変領域、ならびに
(ii)LCDR1、LCDR2およびLCDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域から成り、
前記HCDR1、前記HCDR2、前記HCDR3、前記LCDR1、前記LCDR2および前記LCDR3は、配列番号11~16、配列番号27~32、配列番号35~40、配列番号43~48、配列番号51~56、および配列番号59~64からなる群から選択されるCDRセットのそれぞれの配列を含む、インフルエンザウイルスのノイラミニダーゼに特異的に結合する、単離された抗体またはその抗原結合断片。 - 前記重鎖可変領域及び前記軽鎖可変領域は、配列番号9~10、配列番号25~26、配列番号33~34、配列番号41~42、配列番号49~50、または配列番号57~58のそれぞれの配列を含む、請求項1に記載の単離された抗体またはその抗原結合断片。
- 前記重鎖可変領域は配列番号27~29の配列を含み、前記軽鎖可変領域は配列番号30~32の配列を含む、請求項1に記載の単離された抗体またはその抗原結合断片。
- 請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の抗体またはその抗原結合断片を用いたクロスブロッキングアッセイにおいて、インフルエンザウイルスのノイラミニダーゼへの結合について競合する、単離された抗体またはその抗原結合断片。
- 変異型Fc定常領域をさらに含む、請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の単離された抗体またはその抗原結合断片。
- 前記抗体が、キメラ抗体、ヒト化抗体またはヒト抗体である、請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の単離された抗体またはその抗原結合断片。
- 前記抗体または断片は、治療薬、ポリマー、検出可能な標識、または酵素に共役されている、請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の単離された抗体またはその抗原結合断片。
- 前記ポリマーはポリエチレングリコール(PEG)である、請求項7に記載の単離された抗体またはその抗原結合断片。
- 前記治療薬は細胞毒性薬である、請求項7に記載の単離された抗体またはその抗原結合断片。
- 請求項1~9のいずれか一項に記載の、抗体またはその抗原結合部分の重鎖もしくは軽鎖可変領域をコードする、単離された核酸。
- 請求項10に記載の核酸を含む、発現ベクター。
- 請求項11に記載の発現ベクターを含む、培養宿主細胞。
- 請求項1に記載の抗体またはその抗原結合部位のCDR、重鎖可変領域もしくは軽鎖可変領域をコードする核酸配列を含むベクターを含む培養宿主細胞を得ることと、
ベクターによってコードされるポリペプチドの発現および抗体またはその断片のアセンブリを可能にする条件下で、細胞を培地中で培養することと、
培養細胞または細胞の培地から抗体または断片を精製することとを含む、抗体またはその抗原結合部分を調製する方法。 - 請求項1~9のいずれかに記載の抗体またはその抗原結合断片および薬学的に許容される担体を含む、医薬組成物。
- インフルエンザウイルスの中和に使用するための、請求項1~9のいずれかに記載の抗体もしくはその抗原結合断片、または請求項14に記載の組成物。
- インフルエンザウイルス感染の治療に使用するための、請求項1~9のいずれかに記載の抗体もしくはその抗原結合断片、または請求項14に記載の組成物。
- インフルエンザウイルスの中和、またはインフルエンザウイルスの感染の治療に使用するための、請求項1~9のいずれかに記載の抗体またはその抗原結合断片、及び二次抗体またはその抗原結合断片。
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