JP7390119B2 - Antioxidant or anti-fatigue extracts - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to an extract that is soluble in a physiologically acceptable liquid medium or extracted using a physiologically acceptable liquid medium as an extraction medium, and a method for producing the same.

Health enriches citizens' lives and contributes to building a vibrant society. Providing food that can help maintain or improve health is now an important issue not only in developed countries but also in developing countries. One of the representative foods is marine products such as fish. Humans have been eating fish for a long time, and its characteristics such as high-quality animal protein, low calorie content, and improved brain function have long attracted attention.

In recent years, among marine products that are said to enhance human physiological functions, fish have attracted attention due to their antioxidant effects and/or anti-fatigue effects (Non-Patent Document 1).

For example, there are mainly three types of substances classified as imidazole dipeptides, and generally, the types of imidazole dipeptides present in fish are biased. Specifically, among imidazole dipeptides, anserine and carnosine are mainly contained in fish. For example, fast migratory fish such as bonito and tuna are known to contain relatively large amounts of anserine. In addition to seafood, carnosine and anserine are also abundantly contained in, for example, pork or chicken meat. Therefore, research on carnosine and anserine is actively progressing. Particularly regarding carnosine, carnosine is degraded by carnosine dipeptidase present in serum or tissues, which impedes the function of carnosine. Therefore, a composition for inhibiting carnosine dipeptidase has been disclosed (Patent Document 1) ).

International Publication No. WO2017/104777

Nishitani, and 3 others, “Review: Novel anti-fatigue ingredient: Imidazole dipeptide”, Journal of the Japanese Society of Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Vol. 6, No. 3, October 2009, p. 123-129 Takahashi, et al. 4 others, "Suppressive effect of anserine-containing salmon extract on rats fed a high-fat diet", Journal of the Japanese Society of Fisheries Science, Vol. 76, No. 6, 2008, p. 1075-1081 Omura, and 8 others, “Valenine content in the muscle of red sunfish Lampris guttatus”, Collected lecture abstracts of the 2018 Spring Conference of the Japanese Society of Fisheries Science, March 26, 2018, p.92

On the other hand, another substance classified as an imidazole dipeptide is balenine. Animals that contain varenine in their muscles are extremely limited, such as whales and scallops. In addition, whale meat, which is known to be relatively high in balenine along with other imidazole dipeptides, is impossible or extremely difficult to consume in situations where whaling is effectively prohibited. . Therefore, even in countries that used to be whaling nations, there are currently very few opportunities to consume varenine.

Among imidazole dipeptides, balenine has antioxidant and/or anti-fatigue effects compared to other imidazole dipeptides (carnosine, anserine), due to the ecology of whales that can swim long distances without eating. This is a substance that is considered to have superiority in terms of. Therefore, even in a situation where whaling is effectively prohibited, it is extremely important for society to maintain or promote health to continue efforts to find ways to continuously consume imidazole dipeptides, especially valenine. It is.

The present invention provides an extract that can be rich in imidazole dipeptides, particularly balenine, that is soluble in a physiologically acceptable liquid medium, or that can be extracted using a physiologically acceptable liquid medium as an extraction medium, and a method for producing the same. This will greatly contribute to the realization of the

In light of the situation where whale meat has become virtually impossible or difficult to consume, the present inventor conducted research and analysis, including the ecology, of marine organisms that may contain varenine in place of or in excess of that of whales. I worked on it. After much research and analysis, the present inventor moved away from the perspective of migratory fish that can cope with continuous exercise, and concluded that the fish may exert antioxidant and/or anti-fatigue effects in the body due to some kind of influence. This led us to focus on deep-sea fish.

Subsequently, through further trial and error and analysis by the present inventor, the present invention revealed that among various deep-sea fish, the red sunfish (also called "manfish") contains extremely abundant amounts of imidazole dipeptides, particularly balenine. The person has learned. Therefore, the present inventor conducted intensive research and analysis on this red sunfish. As a result, we have obtained a very interesting technical finding that, for example, even when heat is applied to almost all parts of a red sunfish, the balenine content of the fish meat does not substantially change.

As a result of further analysis, the present inventors also learned that the imidazole dipeptide contained in red sunfish has the following characteristics (1) to (4).
(1) Parts of the red sunfish that are different from the so-called edible parts (ordinary muscle) (head, internal organs, and skin) contain an amount of balenine comparable to the edible parts (ordinary muscle).
(2) The amount of imidazole dipeptide contained in the so-called edible parts (ordinary muscle) and different parts (internal organs and skin) of red sunfish is greater than the amount of imidazole dipeptide contained in the edible parts (ordinary muscle). Noticeably many.
(3) The amount of each type of imidazole dipeptide contained in the so-called edible part (ordinary muscle) of red sunfish, and the imidazole dipeptide contained in parts (especially internal organs and skin) different from the edible part (ordinary muscle) The amount of each type of material is significantly different.
(4) The variation (standard deviation) in the amount of imidazole dipeptide (including balenine) in blood meat is extremely large compared to normal muscle of red sunfish.

The present invention was created based on the above-mentioned viewpoint and technical knowledge.

One extract of the present invention is an extract that is derived from red sunfish and is soluble in a physiologically acceptable liquid medium or extracted using a physiologically acceptable liquid medium as an extraction medium.

Since this extract contains imidazole dipeptides, particularly balenine, in very large amounts, ingestion of this extract can exhibit, for example, antioxidant and/or anti-fatigue effects. In addition to the above-mentioned effects, this extract rich in balenine can also have the effect of suppressing the decrease in muscle activity caused by the decrease in pH due to lactic acid.

One method for producing an extract of the present invention includes contacting red sunfish with an extraction medium at a temperature of 20°C or higher to produce an extract soluble in a physiologically acceptable liquid medium or a physiologically acceptable liquid medium. It includes an extraction step of extracting an extract using a medium as an extraction medium.

Another method for producing an extract of the present invention involves contacting red sunfish with an extraction medium at a temperature of 60°C or higher to produce an extract soluble in a physiologically acceptable liquid medium or a physiologically acceptable extract. The method includes an extraction step of extracting the extract using a possible liquid medium as an extraction medium.

According to the method for producing these extracts, extracts containing imidazole dipeptides, in particular very abundant amounts of balenine, soluble in physiologically acceptable liquid media or An extract can be produced using a medium as an extraction medium. Therefore, by ingesting the extract, it is possible to exhibit, for example, an antioxidant effect and/or an anti-fatigue effect. In addition, in the above-mentioned extraction step, contacting the red sunfish (including the cut state or the fragmented state) with a physiologically acceptable liquid medium at a temperature of 20°C or higher or 60°C or higher Since the protein possessed by the red sunfish is coagulated and the protein releases the retained extract, it is possible to recover the extract with higher accuracy. In addition, by producing this extract rich in balenine, the produced extract can have the effect of suppressing the decrease in muscle activity caused by the decrease in pH due to lactic acid, in addition to the above-mentioned effects.

In addition, as mentioned above, it became clear that the amount of imidazole dipeptide (including balenine) contained in the blood meat of the red sunfish was highly variable. Therefore, in each of the above-mentioned inventions, an extract derived from red sunfish formed from blood meat is soluble in a physiologically acceptable liquid medium, or is extracted using a physiologically acceptable liquid medium as an extraction medium. Suppressing the proportion to less than 5 wt% suppresses variations in the content of imidazole dipeptide or balenine contained in the extract derived from the red sunfish. In other words, the uniformity of the content of imidazole dipeptide or balenine is suppressed. This is a preferred embodiment from the viewpoint of increasing the temperature.

By the way, in the present application, the term "skin" or "skin part" refers to a part of a red sunfish that has a thickness of less than 10 mm from the outermost surface toward the inside (inside the body). Furthermore, in this application, "blood meat" refers to the part of the muscle on the side of the fish's body that exhibits a dark red color. Looking at it from another index, in the present application, "blood-combined meat" refers to a part that contains more than twice the amount of iron contained in "normal muscle".

According to one of the extracts of the invention that is soluble in a physiologically acceptable liquid medium or extracted using a physiologically acceptable liquid medium as an extraction medium, imidazole dipeptides, in particular very abundant amounts. Since it contains balenine, ingesting the extract can exhibit, for example, an antioxidant effect and/or an anti-fatigue effect.

Further, according to one method of the present invention for producing an extract that is soluble in a physiologically acceptable liquid medium or extracted using a physiologically acceptable liquid medium as an extraction medium, imidazole dipeptides, in particular, The extract can be produced containing very rich amounts of balenine. Therefore, by ingesting the extract, it is possible to exhibit, for example, an antioxidant effect and/or an anti-fatigue effect.

1 is a flowchart showing a process for producing an extract derived from red sunfish according to the first embodiment that is soluble in a physiologically acceptable liquid medium or is extracted using a physiologically acceptable liquid medium as an extraction medium. It is a photograph which shows the cutting site|part of the red sunfish of 1st Embodiment, and a part of red sunfish showing a site|part. It is a flowchart showing the manufacturing process of an extract derived from red sunfish according to a second embodiment that is soluble in a physiologically acceptable liquid medium or extracted using a physiologically acceptable liquid medium as an extraction medium. In the extraction step of the first embodiment, the amount of balenine in the normal muscle 20a (mg/100g) when extracted using water at a temperature of 20°C to 60°C, and the amount of balenine (mg/100g) using water at a temperature of 60°C. It is a graph showing the ratio of the amount of valenin extracted using water at 20° C. to 50° C., when the amount of valenine extracted is 1.

As an embodiment of the present invention, an extract derived from red sunfish that is soluble in a physiologically acceptable liquid medium or extracted using a physiologically acceptable liquid medium as an extraction medium and a method for producing the same are attached. This will be described in detail based on the drawings.

<First embodiment>
FIG. 1 shows an extract derived from red sunfish of this embodiment that is soluble in a physiologically acceptable liquid medium or extracted using a physiologically acceptable liquid medium as an extraction medium (in this embodiment, This is a flowchart showing a manufacturing process of a "water-soluble extract" (hereinafter, representatively referred to as "water-soluble extract" in the present embodiment). In the water-soluble extract and the method for producing the same according to the present embodiment, each treatment step shown in FIG. 1 can be all the steps or a part of the method for producing the water-soluble extract. Therefore, the method for producing a water-soluble extract of this embodiment does not necessarily need to include all of the processing steps shown in FIG. Moreover, FIG. 2 is a photograph showing a part of the red sunfish 100 showing the cut points and parts of the red sunfish 100 of this embodiment.

Specifically, as shown in FIG. 1, the caught red sunfish 100 is frozen (step S1). Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 2, the head 10, muscles 20 (more finely classified, normal muscles 20a and blood meat 20b), internal organs 30, and tail fin 90 of the red sunfish 100 are separated, A cutting (disassembly) process is performed in which the frozen red sunfish 100 is cut along substantially straight lines C ₁ , C ₂ , and C ₃ (step S2). In addition, in FIG. 2, some parts including the dorsal fin are not shown in the photograph, but since the parts that are not shown are not the raw materials for the water-soluble extract of this embodiment, the description of the parts will be omitted. .

Here, the cut indicated by _C1 in FIG. 2 is made so that the hook of the red sunfish 100 of this embodiment is not included in the muscle 20, and along the substantially tangential direction of the end of the hook on the muscle 20 side. Implemented. Further, the cutting shown at _C2 in FIG. 2 is performed so that the eyes and mouth of the red sunfish 100 of this embodiment are included in the head 10. In addition, the cutting shown in C ₃ is performed so that the muscle 20 of the red sunfish 100 of this embodiment is not included in the caudal fin 90 as much as possible. In addition, in this embodiment, since the tail fin 90 is not a raw material for the water-soluble extract of this embodiment, the description of this part will be omitted. Although a known band saw device is used in the cutting (disassembly) step of this embodiment, the means for cutting the red sunfish in this step is not limited to the band saw device. Other known cutting methods capable of cutting frozen red sunfish along C ₁ , C ₂ , and C ₃ may also be employed.

Thereafter, it was in a frozen state to the extent that it could be introduced into a known chopper device (for example, manufactured by Nantsune Co., Ltd., model: MC-22) for fragmentation. Each part of the red sunfish 100 (the head 10, the normal muscle 20a, the blood and meat 20b, the internal organs 30, and the skin 40) is completely or incompletely thawed. Thereafter, a step of cutting into pieces using the chopper device is performed, so that the minced parts can be obtained from a plate having a through hole of 10 mmφ, for example. Note that although a known chopper device is used in the fragmentation step of this embodiment, the means for obtaining the respective portions fragmented in this step is not limited to the chopper device. For example, known silent cutters may also be employed in the chopping process.

[Analysis of imidazole dipeptide content in each fragmented part derived from red sunfish]
Here, the present inventor analyzed the amount of imidazole dipeptide containing balenine contained in each fragmented site of the present embodiment. Specifically, a perchloric acid extract was prepared from each part cut into pieces as described above, and then each part shown in FIG. 2 (head 10, Free amino acids and bound amino acids were analyzed for each section of the normal muscle 20a, blood and flesh 20b, internal organs 30, and skin 40.

In addition, "Bal." in Table 1 means "content of balenine." Moreover, "Ans." means "anserine content" and "Cal." means "carnosine content." Therefore, "total (Imd.)" in Table 1 means the content of imidazole dipeptide. To facilitate understanding, the ratio (%) to the imidazole dipeptide content is shown in parentheses below each numerical value. Further, in each column in Table 1, the symbol after "±" means standard deviation. Furthermore, the skin portion 40 as the analysis target in Table 1 is the skin of the muscle 20 region. In addition, the values of the ones place in each numerical value in Table 1 and Table 2 described below are rounded off.

In addition, in this analysis, the presence of balenine was revealed based on the results of detecting a high concentration of 3-methylhistidine by hydrochloric acid hydrolysis and analysis of bound amino acids. Furthermore, the amount of valenine in each of the fragmented parts was determined by quantifying the amount of valenine based on 3-methylhistidine in the hydrolysis solution using a standard product of valenine.

As shown in Table 1, this analysis revealed the following characteristics (1) to (4) regarding the amount of imidazole dipeptide containing valenine in each fragmented site.
(1) Parts of the red sunfish that are different from the so-called edible parts (ordinary muscle) (head, internal organs, and skin) contain an amount of balenine comparable to the edible parts (ordinary muscle).
(2) The amount of imidazole dipeptide contained in the so-called edible parts (ordinary muscle) and different parts (internal organs and skin) of red sunfish is greater than the amount of imidazole dipeptide contained in the edible parts (ordinary muscle). Noticeably many.
(3) The amount of each type of imidazole dipeptide contained in the so-called edible part (ordinary muscle) of red sunfish, and the imidazole dipeptide contained in parts (especially internal organs and skin) different from the edible part (ordinary muscle) The amount of each type of material is significantly different.
(4) The variation (standard deviation) in the amount of imidazole dipeptide (including balenine) in blood meat is extremely large compared to normal muscle of red sunfish.

In addition, to explain more specifically about the above-mentioned feature (1), at least each of the fragmented parts derived from the red sunfish 100 (head 10, normal muscle 20a, blood meat 20b, visceral part 30, skin part It can be said that the amount of varenine contained in 40) is equivalent to the amount of varenine contained in the red meat of the minke whale's back, or considerably greater than the amount of varenine contained in the red meat of the minke whale. Also, interestingly, among the normal muscles 20a in Table 1, the content of balenine and the content of imidazole dipeptide in the normal muscles 20a cranially from the center of the normal muscles 20a are lower than those in the normal muscles 20a caudally from the center of the normal muscles 20a. It was confirmed that the content of balenine and the content of imidazole dipeptide in 20a were about 10% higher.

In the present embodiment, the position of the "center of the common muscle 20a" is the length from the tip of the head 10 (the tip of the mouth) to the caudal end of the common muscle 20a (therefore, not including the caudal fin 90). It is defined as the position 0.5 from the cranial tip when the length (“L” in FIG. 2) is 1. Therefore, in order to more accurately obtain the normal muscle 20a with a high content of varenine, it is preferable to obtain imidazole dipeptide and/or varenine from the normal muscle 20a, which includes the normal muscle 20a from the cranial tip to 0.4 or less. This is one aspect.

In this embodiment, each of the fragmented parts is then brought into contact with water (ion-exchanged water) as an extraction medium at about 60 to about 100°C. More specifically, an extraction step (step S3) is performed in which each of the fragmented parts is immersed in the extraction medium at about 60° C. to about 100° C. in a known container. In addition, in the extraction process of this embodiment, although the extraction medium is not intentionally stirred, it is one aspect that may be adopted to intentionally stir the extraction medium.

Thereafter, in this embodiment, about two hours after each morselized part is immersed in the extraction medium, the extraction medium containing the water-soluble extract from each morselized part is A separation step is performed in which the aqueous solution (in this embodiment) is separated from the respective parts (which can be treated as residue) using a centrifuge (step S4). Specifically, the water-soluble extract of this embodiment can be produced by performing centrifugal filtration using a 300 mesh filter cloth. Note that the water-soluble extract of this embodiment is in liquid form. Further, in the separation process of this embodiment, centrifugal filtration using a 300 mesh filter cloth is employed, but the separation process of this embodiment is not limited to such an aspect. This is another embodiment in which a known separation process (for example, separation treatment by centrifugal sedimentation) may also be employed.

<Modification (1) of the first embodiment>
In this modified example, as shown in FIG. 1, by further concentrating the water-soluble extract produced by the water-soluble extract production process of the first embodiment, a richer amount of imidazole dipeptide or balenine is obtained. A concentration step (step S5) may be performed to produce a water-soluble extract (hereinafter also simply referred to as "concentrated extract") as a concentrated extract containing. For example, the water-soluble extract of the first embodiment is stirred or allowed to stand in a space at a temperature of about 60° C. and a reduced pressure (for example, 0.03 MPa) for about 1 hour to about 8 hours. By doing so, a concentrated extract can be produced. In addition, in the concentration process of this modification, although the above-mentioned processing conditions are adopted, the concentration process of this modification is not limited to such an aspect. This is another embodiment in which other known concentration steps different from the purification steps described below may also be employed. Furthermore, another aspect that may be adopted is that sterilization treatment (for example, heat treatment) is performed before the concentration step of this modification is performed. Further, in the concentration step (step S5), if the temperature at which the water-soluble extract of the first embodiment is stirred or left standing is 20°C or higher, 30°C or higher, 40°C or higher, or 50°C or higher, the present invention is applicable. At least some of the effects of the modification can be achieved.

Here, as a result of analyzing the amount of balenine contained in the concentrated extract obtained by the concentration step of this modification, it was found that, for example, it contains about 75 wt% of water (in other words, the solid content is about 25 wt%). When the concentrated extract was used as a sample, it was confirmed that the content of balenine in the total amount of the concentrated extract was 5 wt% or more (more narrowly, 9 wt% or more). Therefore, it was revealed that the concentrated extract obtained by the concentration step of this modification contained an amount of imidazole dipeptide of 5 wt% or more (more narrowly, 9 wt% or more).

<Modification (2) of the first embodiment>
In this modification, as shown in FIG. Manufactured by a manufacturing process of an extract extracted using a medium as an extraction medium (in this modification, "water-soluble extract".Hereinafter, in this modification, it will be representatively referred to as "water-soluble extract"). A drying step (step S6) may be performed to obtain a dry extract by drying the concentrated extract.

In this modification, a vacuum drying (including reduced pressure drying) process or a freeze-drying process is performed as a typical example of the drying process. Here, the "vacuum drying (or reduced pressure drying) step" in this modification means a step of drying in a vacuum state (or reduced pressure state) while heating. Furthermore, the "freeze-drying process" in this modification includes a "freeze-vacuum drying process" or a "freeze-vacuum drying process".

Note that, as long as the amount of imidazole dipeptide (especially balenine) contained in the dried extract of this modification is not significantly impaired (e.g., about 20% or more), hot air drying can be used instead of the two types of drying steps described above. , microwave drying, superheated steam drying, fry drying, vacuum drying, drum drying, or solar drying may also be used.

For example, when a vacuum drying process is employed, known methods and equipment can be used. For example, a continuous belt dryer or a vacuum drum dryer may be employed. In this embodiment, a modification of the first embodiment (1 ) can be stirred or allowed to stand to form the dried extract of this variation. In addition, in this vacuum drying step, the temperature at which the concentrated extract of Modification (1) of the first embodiment is stirred or left standing is 20°C or higher, 30°C or higher, 40°C or higher, or 50°C or higher. For example, at least some of the effects of this modification can be achieved.

Next, even when a freeze-drying process is employed, known methods and devices can be used. For example, a freeze dryer (manufactured by Kyowa Shinku Gijutsu Co., Ltd., model: RL4522BS) may be employed. In this embodiment, the concentrated extract of modification (1) of the first embodiment is stirred or allowed to stand under a pressure of about 266 Pa and in an environment of about -20° C. for about 168 hours. The dry extraction of this variation contains 7 wt% (in a more narrow sense, 10 wt% or more, or 15 wt% or more, or 20 wt% or more, in a narrower sense, 25 wt% or more, and in a very narrow sense, 30 wt% or more) of balenine. Can form things.

Note that the water content of the dried extract of this modification, which is typified by vacuum drying or freeze drying, can be adjusted as appropriate by known means. However, from the viewpoint of ease of transportation and/or ease of handling, it is a preferred embodiment that the moisture content of the dried extract of this modification is more than 0 wt% and 10 wt% or less. In addition, from the above-mentioned viewpoint, the water content is more preferably 5 wt% or less of the dry extract of this modification, and even more preferably 3 wt% or less of the dry extract of this modification.

One possible embodiment is that the dried extract of this modification is then further pulverized to perform a powdering step (step S7) to obtain a coarse powder. In this embodiment, for example, a known hammer mill (for example, a hammer mill manufactured by Hosokawa Micron Co., Ltd.) may be employed. More specifically, the dry extract of this variation can be powdered by processing conditions set so that the particle size is 2 mm or less.

Note that, as long as the amount of imidazole dipeptide (especially balenine) contained in the dry extract of this modification is not significantly impaired (e.g., about 20% or more), a pin mill, ball mill, impact mill, etc. can be used instead of the above-mentioned hammer mill. Mills, edge runner mills, roller mills, vibratory mills, conical mills, jet mills, or other known mechanical impact/milling equipment may also be employed.

Through the above-mentioned steps, it is possible to produce a dry extract as coarse powder (hereinafter also simply referred to as "coarse powder") of the present embodiment, which is derived from Red Sunfish 100.

Here, the present inventor analyzed the amount of balenine contained in the dry extract as a coarse powder obtained by the powdering process of this modification. As a result, for example, if we focus on the muscles 20 of a red sunfish 100, if a coarse powder containing about 5 wt% water (in other words, a solid content of about 95 wt%) is used as a sample, the coarse powder The content of balenine with respect to the total amount of It was confirmed that the content was high. Therefore, the amount of imidazole dipeptide contained in the coarse powder obtained by the powdering step of this modification is also 7 wt% (more narrowly defined as 10 wt% or more, or 15 wt% or more, or 20 wt% or more, or even more narrowly defined as It was found that the content was 25 wt% or more (in a very narrow sense, 30 wt% or more).

Incidentally, the moisture content of the dry extract as a coarse powder of this modification can also be adjusted as appropriate by known means in the same manner as described above. However, from the viewpoint of ease of transportation and/or ease of handling, it is a preferred embodiment that the moisture content is more than 0 wt% and 10 wt% or less of the coarse powder of this modification. In addition, from the above-mentioned viewpoint, it is more preferable that the moisture content is 5 wt% or less of the coarse powder of this modification, and even more preferably 3 wt% or less of the coarse powder of this modification.

In addition, the coarse powder of this modification is a coarse powder produced without going through a refining process. More specifically, the coarse powder is dissolved in water or the like, and then treated with an ion exchange resin (for example, a cation exchange resin), as in the method disclosed in Non-Patent Document 2. It is a coarse powder obtained without the step of extracting and purifying imidazole dipeptide containing balenine using a resin). Therefore, even if it is an unpurified coarse powder, it contains imidazole dipeptide, which can exhibit antioxidant and/or anti-fatigue effects, and in particular, a very rich amount of balenine as mentioned above. deserves special mention as it yields a number of advantages, including increased yield of imidazole dipeptide and/or balenine, simplified manufacturing process (including reduced manufacturing time), and reduced manufacturing costs. .

<Modification (3) of the first embodiment>
In this modification, as shown in FIG. 1, by further classifying the dry extract as a coarse powder produced by the manufacturing process of modification (2) of the first embodiment, A classification step (step S8) may be performed to obtain a dry extract as a fine powder (hereinafter also simply referred to as "fine powder") consisting of powder having a particle size of preferably less than 0.8 mm.

By employing the classification step (step S8) of this modification, it is possible to collect only the fine powder that passes through a sieve with an opening of 0.7 mm, for example. As a result, a dry extract of this modification derived from Red Sunfish 100 (a dry extract in the form of a fine powder consisting of powder having a particle size of less than 1 mm) can be produced. Note that if the hammer mill or the like employed in the powdering step in the modification (2) of the first embodiment also has a classification function, the powdering step and the classification step can be performed simultaneously.

Here, the present inventor analyzed the amount of balenine contained in the fine powder obtained by the classification process of this modification. As a result, for example, if we focus on muscle 20 of 100 red sunfishes, if we use fine powder as a sample containing about 5 wt% water (in other words, the solid content is about 95 wt%), the total amount of fine powder The content of balenine is very high at 7 wt% (in a narrower sense, 10 wt% or more, or 15 wt% or more, or 20 wt% or more, still more narrowly, 25 wt% or more, and in a very narrow sense, 30 wt% or more). It was confirmed that the amount was Therefore, the amount of imidazole dipeptide contained in the fine powder obtained by the classification step of this modification is also 7wt% (more narrowly defined as 10wt% or more, or 15wt% or more, or 20wt% or more, and even more narrowly as 25wt%). As described above, it has become clear that in a very narrow sense, it contains 30 wt% or more). The highest result that the inventor has been able to confirm at this stage is that the content of balenine alone in the total amount of the dry extract as a fine powder is about 35 wt%. Worth mentioning.

In addition, when evaluating the fine powder of this modification from another perspective, for example, if we focus on the muscle 20 of 100 red sunfish, when the mass (for example, 1 kg) of the muscle 20 of 100 red sunfish that was caught is taken as a standard. The mass ratio (i.e., yield) of the dried extract derived from muscle 20 (dried extract as a fine powder) was more than 50 g (more narrowly, 60 g or more). Also, very interestingly, the content of balenine in the dry extract as a fine powder was an extremely high value of 25 wt% or more (more narrowly, 30 wt% or more).

Incidentally, the water content of the dried extract as a fine powder of this modification can also be adjusted as appropriate by known means in the same manner as described above. However, from the viewpoint of ease of transportation and/or ease of handling, it is a preferred embodiment that the moisture content is more than 0 wt% and 10 wt% or less of the fine powder of this modification. From the above-mentioned viewpoint, the water content is more preferably 5 wt% or less of the fine powder of this modification, and even more preferably 3 wt% or less of the fine powder of this modification.

As described above, the dried extract as a fine powder in this modification is a fine powder produced without going through a purification process. More specifically, the fine powder is dissolved in water or the like, and then treated with an ion exchange resin (for example, a cation exchange resin), as in the method disclosed in Non-Patent Document 2. This is a fine powder obtained without performing the step of extracting and purifying imidazole dipeptide containing balenine using varenine. Therefore, even if the powder is an unpurified fine powder, it contains imidazole dipeptide, in particular, a very rich amount of balenine, which can exhibit antioxidant and/or anti-fatigue effects. , worthy of special mention.

Table 2 shows the soluble or physiologically acceptable liquid medium of the normal muscle 20a when each process from the freezing process to the classification process (steps S1 to S8) is performed. Corresponds to Table 1 of extracts extracted using a medium as an extraction medium (in this modification, "water-soluble extract".Hereinafter, in this modification, it will be representatively referred to as "water-soluble extract") An example of the analysis results is shown below.

In this analysis, the presence of balenine was revealed based on the results of high concentration of 3-methylhistidine detected by hydrochloric acid hydrolysis and analysis of bound amino acids. In addition, the amount of varenine in the water-soluble extract of each site was determined by quantifying the amount of varenine based on 3-methylhistidine in the hydrolyzed extract using a standard product of varenine.

As shown in Table 2, the content of imidazole dipeptide (including balenine) in the water-soluble extract produced from the common muscle 20a cut in step S2 of the first embodiment (for example, 27850 mg/ The ratio of balenine content (for example, 23870 mg/100 g in Table 2) to 100 g) was about 86%. This value can be said to be almost equivalent to the ratio of the same standard in Table 1 (approximately 88%). For convenience of explanation, the above-mentioned ratio is also referred to as "imidazole dipeptide-balenine ratio."

Therefore, it was confirmed that the water-soluble extract produced in this embodiment can achieve an extremely high balenine content and an extremely high "imidazole dipeptide-balenine ratio." In addition, the water-soluble extract produced in this embodiment has the imidazole dipeptide content and balenine content of each site derived from the red sunfish of the first embodiment, and the above-mentioned "imidazole dipeptide-balenine ratio". It was confirmed that this is a substance that can be reflected almost as is.

Note that, similar to the first embodiment, the amount of balenine contained in the water-soluble extract produced in this embodiment is equivalent to the amount of varenine contained in the red back meat of minke whales, or It can be said that it is considerably more than the quantity.

In response to the above results and other experimental results, as a result of analysis and study by the present inventors, the content of balenine and the content of imidazole dipeptide contained in the water-soluble extract produced in this embodiment, and " Regarding the "imidazole dipeptide-balenine ratio", the present inventors have found that the following numerical range can be achieved.
(1) The content of balenine is 7 wt% or more (more narrowly, 10 wt% or more) with respect to the total mass of the water-soluble extract.
(2) The content of imidazole dipeptide is 25 wt% or more based on the total mass of the water-soluble extract.
(3) Regarding the "imidazole dipeptide-balenine ratio" of the water-soluble extract of the present embodiment, when the content of imidazole dipeptide (including balenine) is 1, the content of balenine is 0. It is 5 or more and 0.97 or less (more narrowly, 0.75 or more and 0.97 or less).

<Second embodiment>
In the extract soluble in a physiologically acceptable liquid medium or extracted using a physiologically acceptable liquid medium as an extraction medium and the method for producing the same according to the present embodiment, each processing step shown in FIG. An extract that is soluble in a physiologically acceptable liquid medium or extracted using a physiologically acceptable liquid medium as an extraction medium (in this embodiment, "water-soluble extract"; hereinafter, in this embodiment) (representatively referred to as "water-soluble extract") may be part or all of the steps in the production method. Therefore, the method for producing a water-soluble extract of this embodiment does not necessarily need to include all of the processing steps shown in FIG. 3. Further, descriptions that overlap with the first embodiment and its modifications (1) to (3) may be omitted.

Specifically, as shown in FIG. 3, from the freezing process to the drying process (steps S1 to S6), from the freezing process to the powdering process, as shown in the first embodiment and its modifications (1) and (2), After each step up to the step (steps S1 to S7), or each step from the freezing step to the classification step (not shown) (steps S1 to S8), or after the freezing step to the separation step (steps S1 to S4), After this, the purification step (step S9) of this embodiment is performed.

In the purification step (step S9) of this embodiment, as in the method disclosed in Non-Patent Document 2, after dissolving the dry extract or the dry extract as a coarse powder in water etc., ion exchange is performed. A step of extracting and purifying the imidazole dipeptide containing balenine using a resin (for example, a cation exchange resin) is performed. As a result, it is possible to produce a water-soluble extract containing a richer content of imidazole dipeptide and a richer content of balenine than in the first embodiment and its modifications (1) to (3). .

Note that the upper limits of the content of imidazole dipeptide and the content of balenine with respect to the mass of the entire water-soluble extract obtained by performing the purification step (step S9) of the present embodiment are not particularly limited. The upper limit can be said to be less than 100 wt%. In a more narrow sense, the content of the imidazole dipeptide and the content of the balenine are 99 wt% or less, and even more narrowly, they are 95 wt% or less. Furthermore, this numerical range of the upper limit may be applied to other embodiments.

<Other embodiments>
By the way, in the first embodiment, its modifications, and the second embodiment, each part of the red sunfish 100 (head 10, normal muscle 20a, blood joint 20b, internal organs 30, skin part 40) is In order to know the characteristics, the extraction process (step S3) and the separation process (step S4), as well as the concentration process (step S5) as necessary, the drying process (step S6), the powdering process (step S7), and the classification Although a step (step S8) or a purification step (step S9) is performed, the present embodiment is not limited to such an aspect.

For example, as shown in Table 1, after the cutting (disassembly) step (step S2), the internal organs 30 and the skin 40, which contain a large amount of imidazole dipeptide because they contain a large amount of carnosine, can be mixed. One aspect that can be adopted is that each step is performed. In addition, it is possible to mix all of the parts (head 10, normal muscle 20a, blood and flesh 20b, internal organs 30, and skin 40) that have the remarkable feature of richly containing imidazole dipeptide containing balenine. One possible embodiment is that each step after the cutting (disassembly) step (step S2) is performed.

In addition, in the first embodiment and its modifications, as well as the second embodiment, red sunfish caught by a longline fishing boat are promptly (for example, within 60 minutes) subjected to low-temperature freezing treatment (for example, , -65°C or higher and -15°C or lower), however, the method of catching red sunfish and the method of preserving red sunfish on fishing boats are not limited to the above-mentioned examples. However, from the perspective of reducing the possibility of reducing the amount of imidazole dipeptide (typically balenine) due to autolysis, it is recommended that the caught red sunfish be placed on a fishing boat promptly (for example, within 60 minutes). A preferred embodiment is a low-temperature freezing treatment (eg, -65°C or higher and -15°C or lower).

Further, in the first embodiment, an extraction step in which each part of the shredded red sunfish 100 is immersed in an extraction medium (for example, water) at a temperature of about 60° C. or more and about 100° C. or less in the container. (Step S3) is performed, but the first embodiment is not limited to such an extraction step. For example, it is also a suitable modification of the first embodiment to adopt the extraction steps (step S3) shown in the following (a) to (c).
(a) Extraction step in which each part of the shredded red sunfish 100 is immersed in an extraction medium (e.g., water) at a temperature of 20°C or higher, 30°C or higher, 40°C or higher, or 50°C or higher ( b) The pressure in the container during the extraction step is different from the normally employed approximately 1 atm (approximately 0.101 MPa) (for example, approximately 0.001 MPa or more and approximately 100 MPa or less (excluding approximately 0.101 MPa)) (c) an extraction step in which the extraction medium is a physiologically acceptable liquid medium (e.g. an organic liquid medium), and/or a saline water as an example of other physiologically acceptable liquid medium; The above-mentioned "physiologically acceptable liquid medium" is not limited to alcohol (typically, high purity ethanol (eg, 99.5% or 100%)). For example, it may include brewed spirits including beer, wine, and sake, distilled spirits including whisky, shochu, and vodka, and mixed liquors including cassis and Campari. It goes without saying that water is included in the "physiologically acceptable liquid medium."

Note that among the extraction steps (step S3) described as a modification of the first embodiment, when the extraction step (a) is adopted, extraction is performed at a lower temperature, resulting in energy savings. can contribute. As a result of investigation by the present inventor, even if the temperature of the extraction medium is 20° C. under the normally employed approximately 1 atm (approximately 0.101 MPa), the temperature as an example of the first embodiment (approximately 60° C. ), it has been found that when the amount that can be extracted is 1, about 0.77 can be extracted.

The above content will be explained based on more specific data. FIG. 4 shows the amount of balenine (mg/100g) (dotted line in FIG. 4) in the normal muscle 20a when extracted using water at a temperature of 20°C to 60°C in the extraction process of the first embodiment. , a graph showing the ratio of the amount of valenine extracted using water at a temperature of 20°C to 50°C (solid line in Figure 4), when the amount of valenine extracted using water at a temperature of 60°C is set as 1. It is. Note that the method for analyzing the amount of balenine is the same as the method described in the first embodiment.

As shown in Figure 4, by employing an extraction medium (e.g., water) at 20°C or higher, the amount of balenine (75 % or more). It is worth mentioning that even with an extraction medium at a fairly low extraction temperature of 20° C., a considerable amount of imidazole dipeptide (typically balenine) can be extracted as described above.

Furthermore, among the extraction steps (step S3) described as a modification of the first embodiment described above, when the extraction step (b) is adopted, for example, a pressure higher than the normally adopted pressure is applied. If extracted, a cooler extraction medium may be used to accomplish the extraction step.

Further, among the extraction steps (step S3) described as a modification of the first embodiment, if the extraction step (c) is adopted, it may contribute to improving the flavor of the extract. . For example, when the above extraction step (c) is performed using ethanol (99.5% purity), the amount of imidazole dipeptide (typically balenine) is the same as when water is used as the extraction medium. It has been confirmed that about 70% of the amount of dipeptide (typically balenine) is present. Therefore, when the extraction medium is alcohol, the amount extracted is lower than when the extraction medium is water, but even though the amount extracted is about 70% of the amount extracted with water, a significant amount of imidazole dipeptide (typical It is worth mentioning that varenine) is extracted from Therefore, even if an extraction medium other than water is employed, at least some of the effects of the first embodiment can be achieved.

In addition, in the first embodiment and its modifications (1) to (3), the second embodiment, and other embodiments, the dorsal fin or caudal fin 90 of the red sunfish 100 is in a physiologically acceptable liquid state. Extracts extracted using a medium-soluble or physiologically acceptable liquid medium as an extraction medium (typically water-soluble extracts, but not limited to water-soluble extracts; also concentrated extracts and (including dry extracts (hereinafter the same shall apply)), but the extracts are not limited to such embodiments. For example, in order to simplify the manufacturing process of the extract, one possible embodiment is to perform the subsequent steps without performing the cleavage shown at _C3 in FIG. 2. Therefore, it is also adopted that the dorsal fin and/or the caudal fin 90 are included as one of the constituent components of the extract of the first embodiment and its modifications (1) to (3), and the second embodiment. obtain.

On the other hand, as shown in Table 1, the amount of imidazole dipeptide or balenine contained in the blood meat 20b varies widely. Therefore, from the point of view of obtaining an extract containing a more stable amount of imidazole dipeptide or balenine, which is soluble in a physiologically acceptable liquid medium or is extracted using a physiologically acceptable liquid medium as an extraction medium. For example, when each part is mixed as described above, it is preferable that the amount of mixed blood meat 20b is less than 5 wt%. In addition, from another point of view, regarding the extract of the first embodiment and its modifications (1) to (3), and the second embodiment, the It is more stable that the proportion of the extract that is soluble in a physiologically acceptable liquid medium or extracted using a physiologically acceptable liquid medium as an extraction medium is less than 5 wt%. It is possible to realize the production of the extract containing.

Furthermore, the physiologically acceptable liquid medium-soluble or physiologically acceptable Tablets, capsules, powders (including granules), pills, syrups, liquids, drinks, and troches that contain as part of their constituents an extract extracted using an acceptable liquid medium as an extraction medium. One preferable embodiment that can be adopted is to produce preparations, drops, starch syrup, etc. (hereinafter collectively referred to as "preparations"). Since the preparation contains very high amounts of imidazole dipeptides, in particular balenine, ingestion of the preparation can exert, for example, an antioxidant effect and/or an anti-fatigue effect. Note that this formulation can be manufactured by a known manufacturing method. In addition, the preparation may be mixed with excipients, binders, disintegrants, wetting agents, honey, rice flour, etc., as appropriate, to improve moldability or ease of oral administration. can be formed.

One of the extracts of the present invention that is soluble in a physiologically acceptable liquid medium or extracted using a physiologically acceptable liquid medium as an extraction medium, and its manufacturing method and dosage form are rich in balenine. The fish-derived extract obtained and the method for producing the same are extremely useful not only in the food industry and fisheries industry, but also in various industries related to medicine, health, medical care, and beauty.

10 Head 20 Muscle 20a Normal muscle 20b Blood and flesh 30 Internal organs 90 Tail fin 100 Red sunfish

Claims (3)

soluble in water;
A concentrated extract containing 75 wt% water, containing 5 wt% or more of balenine based on the total amount of the concentrated extract,
Extract from red sunfish for antioxidant or anti-fatigue purposes. Containing 9 wt% or more of the balenine,
The extract derived from red sunfish for antioxidant or anti-fatigue purposes according to claim 1. An antioxidant or anti-fatigue tablet, granule, or pill containing the extract derived from red sunfish according to claim 1 or 2.
formulation.

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