JP7389457B2 - 太陽電池 - Google Patents
太陽電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7389457B2 JP7389457B2 JP2019166102A JP2019166102A JP7389457B2 JP 7389457 B2 JP7389457 B2 JP 7389457B2 JP 2019166102 A JP2019166102 A JP 2019166102A JP 2019166102 A JP2019166102 A JP 2019166102A JP 7389457 B2 JP7389457 B2 JP 7389457B2
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 72
- 210000002858 crystal cell Anatomy 0.000 claims description 32
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910000673 Indium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- RPQDHPTXJYYUPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium arsenide Chemical compound [In]#[As] RPQDHPTXJYYUPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001218 Gallium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 64
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 49
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- WUPHOULIZUERAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(oxolan-2-yl)propanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC1CCCO1 WUPHOULIZUERAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052980 cadmium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 238000002248 hydride vapour-phase epitaxy Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910000530 Gallium indium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- KXNLCSXBJCPWGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ga].[As].[In] Chemical compound [Ga].[As].[In] KXNLCSXBJCPWGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
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- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical group [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 229910000980 Aluminium gallium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000370 acceptor Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000011370 conductive nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009751 slip forming Methods 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical group [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910005540 GaP Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen atom Chemical compound [H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical group [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- DVRDHUBQLOKMHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chalcopyrite Chemical group [S-2].[S-2].[Fe+2].[Cu+2] DVRDHUBQLOKMHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- HZXMRANICFIONG-UHFFFAOYSA-N gallium phosphide Chemical compound [Ga]#P HZXMRANICFIONG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPYPVKIFOKLUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold indium Chemical compound [In].[Au] GPYPVKIFOKLUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- SIXIBASSFIFHDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(3+);trisulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[S-2].[S-2].[In+3].[In+3] SIXIBASSFIFHDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000927 vapour-phase epitaxy Methods 0.000 description 1
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Description
本明細書において、「太陽電池セル」とは、少なくとも、窓層と、窓層と接触するエミッタ層と、エミッタ層との間でpn接合を形成するベース層と、ベース層と接触する裏面電界層とを含むセルを言うものとする。この「太陽電池セル」には、例えば、「トップセル」と「ミドルセル」と「ボトムセル」との積層構造からなる多接合太陽電池において、「トップセル」と「ミドルセル」と「ボトムセル」のそれぞれが含まれる。
図1は、本実施の形態における基本思想を説明する図であって、III-V族化合物半導体材料を使用した多接合太陽電池の積層構造例を示す概念図である。
一般的に太陽電池セルを単結晶セルから構成する場合には、高性能の太陽電池を実現できる。一方、太陽電池セルを多結晶セルから構成すると、太陽電池の性能が著しく低下することが知られている。したがって、ボトムセルを多結晶セルから構成する場合、ボトムセルの太陽電池セルとしての性能を確保することが困難であるように思われる。
図2は、ボトムセルの代表的な構成例を示す図である。
まず、ボトムセルのエミッタ層に使用する材料を選定する際の設計指針として、ミドルセルと格子整合する材料を選択することが考えられる。なぜなら、この設計指針によれば、ミドルセルとボトムセルのエミッタ層との間の格子不整合を抑制できるからである。
上述したように、本実施の形態では、ボトムセルのベース層を構成する「CIGS」の電子親和力とほぼ等しい電子親和力を有する材料をボトムセルのエミッタ層として採用するという設計指針に基づき、ボトムセルのエミッタ層を「n型InP」から構成している。以下では、ベース層に「p型CIGS」を使用し、かつ、エミッタ層に「n型InP」を使用した太陽電池セルについての検証結果を説明する。なお、比較対象として、ベース層に「p型CIGS」を使用し、かつ、エミッタ層に「n型GaAs」を使用した太陽電池セルについての検証結果も説明する。
以上のことから、本実施の形態における基本思想は、トンネル接合層を介した単結晶セルと多結晶セルとの積層構造で多接合太陽電池を形成することにより、バッファ層を使用することなくモノリシックな多接合太陽電池を実現できる点にある。そして、このような構造を有する多接合太陽電池を実現するにあたっては、多結晶セルを良好な太陽電池特性を有する太陽電池セルとすることが重要である。このとき、多結晶セルは、互いに接触してpn接合を形成するベース層とエミッタ層とを有するが、多結晶セルに良好な太陽電池特性を持たせるためには、ベース層を構成する半導体材料の電気親和力とエミッタ層を構成する半導体材料の電気親和力とが同等になるように、ベース層の半導体材料とエミッタ層の半導体材料とを選定することが重要である。例えば、多接合太陽電池のボトムセルとして多結晶セルを採用することを考えると、長波長域の光を吸収できるようにバンドギャップを調整可能な点と多結晶でも充分な太陽電池特性が得られる点などから、ボトムセルのベース層として多結晶の「p型CIGS」を採用することが有用である。そして、ボトムセルのベース層として多結晶の「p型CIGS」を採用する場合、ボトムセルのベース層を構成する「p型CIGS」の電子親和力とほぼ等しい電子親和力を有する材料をボトムセルのエミッタ層として採用するという設計指針に基づいてエミッタ層の材料を選定することになる。この点に関し、本発明者は、上述した設計指針に基づき、ボトムセルのエミッタ層として多結晶の「n型InP」を新規に採用するに至っている。そして、ベース層に多結晶の「p型CIGS」を採用し、かつ、エミッタ層に多結晶の「n型InP」を採用した太陽電池セル(「試料A」)によれば、良好な太陽電池特性が得られることが上述した検証結果から裏付けられている。
次に、本実施の形態における基本思想を具現化した多接合太陽電池について説明する。
多接合太陽電池1000は、上記のように構成されており、以下では、図8を参照しながら、多接合太陽電池1000の動作について説明する。
続いて、多接合太陽電池1000の製造方法について図面を参照しながら説明する。
実施の形態では、トップセルとミドルセルとボトムセルとを積層した多接合太陽電池において、トップセルとミドルセルとを単結晶セルから構成する一方、ボトムセルを多結晶セルから構成している。そして、多結晶セルから構成されるボトムセルは、「p型CIGS」から構成されるベース層と、「n型InP」から構成されるエミッタ層とを含んでいる。ここで、ボトムセルのエミッタ層を構成する材料を選定するための設計指針としては、「CIGS」の電子親和力と同等の電子親和力を有する材料をボトムセルのエミッタ層に採用するものである。このことから、ボトムセルのエミッタ層として、「n型InP」に限らず、「CIGS」の電子親和力と同等の電子親和力を有する材料を使用することができる。例えば、ボトムセルのエミッタ層としては、「InP」に替えて、「Cu(In、Ga)Se2(CuIn1-xGaxSe2)」、砒化インジウムガリウム(InGaAs)、燐化インジウムガリウム(InGaP)、砒化燐化インジウム(InAsP)、砒化燐化インジウムガリウム(InGaAsP)、硫化インジウム(In2S3)などを使用できる。
11 電極
12 基板
13 ベース層
14 電界層
15 透明導電層
16 グリッド電極
100 支持基板
101 裏面電極
102 裏面電界層
103 ベース層
104 エミッタ層
105 窓層
106 n型GaAs層
107 p型GaAs層
108 裏面電界層
109 ベース層
110 エミッタ層
111 窓層
112 n型InGaP層
113 p型AlGaAs層
114 裏面電界層
115 ベース層
116 エミッタ層
117 窓層
118 コンタクト層
119 表面電極
200 ボトムセル
300 トンネル接合層
400 ミドルセル
500 トンネル接合層
600 トップセル
1000 多接合太陽電池
Claims (5)
- 第1バンドギャップを持つ第1単結晶層を有する第1単結晶セルと、
前記第1バンドギャップよりも小さな第2バンドギャップを持つ第1多結晶層を有し、かつ、第1トンネル接合層によって前記第1単結晶セルと接合する多結晶セルと、
を備え、
前記多結晶セルは、
前記第1多結晶層からなるベース層と、
第2多結晶層からなるエミッタ層と、
を含み、
前記ベース層と前記エミッタ層とによってpn接合が形成され、
前記ベース層を構成する材料の電子親和力と前記エミッタ層を構成する材料の電子親和力とは同等であり、
前記ベース層の材料は、CucIn1-xGaxSySe2―y (c≦1、0≦x≦1、0≦y≦2)であり、
前記エミッタ層の材料は、InP、InaGa1-aP(0.7≦a≦1.0)、InaGa1-aAs(0.15≦a≦0.3)、InAsbP1-b (0≦b≦0.05)のいずれかを含む、太陽電池。 - 請求項1に記載の太陽電池において、
前記第1単結晶セルと前記多結晶セルと前記第1トンネル接合層は一体的に形成されている、太陽電池。 - 請求項1に記載の太陽電池において、
前記太陽電池は、前記第1バンドギャップよりも大きな第3バンドギャップを持つ第2単結晶層を有し、かつ、第2トンネル接合層によって前記第1単結晶セルと接合する第2単結晶セルを含む、太陽電池。 - 請求項3に記載の太陽電池において、
前記第1単結晶層と前記第2単結晶層の間の格子定数差は、0.5%以下であり、
前記第1単結晶層と前記第1多結晶層の間の格子定数差は、2%以上である、太陽電池。 - 請求項1に記載の太陽電池において、
前記第1多結晶層は、前記第2バンドギャップよりも大きなエネルギーを有する光を吸収する光吸収層である、太陽電池。
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JP2003197935A (ja) | 1999-03-05 | 2003-07-11 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 太陽電池 |
JP2004327889A (ja) | 2003-04-28 | 2004-11-18 | Sharp Corp | 化合物太陽電池およびその製造方法 |
US20050183766A1 (en) | 2004-02-25 | 2005-08-25 | Kazuo Nakajima | Multi-element polycrystal for solar cells and method of manufacturing the same |
JP2012182340A (ja) | 2011-03-02 | 2012-09-20 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | 化合物半導体及び太陽電池 |
JP2014067745A (ja) | 2012-09-24 | 2014-04-17 | Kyocera Corp | 光電変換装置の製造方法 |
JP2018534785A (ja) | 2015-11-20 | 2018-11-22 | ベイジン チュアング テクノロジー カンパニー リミテッド | 2接合型薄膜ソーラーセルアセンブリおよびその製造方法 |
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JP2003197935A (ja) | 1999-03-05 | 2003-07-11 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 太陽電池 |
JP2004327889A (ja) | 2003-04-28 | 2004-11-18 | Sharp Corp | 化合物太陽電池およびその製造方法 |
US20050183766A1 (en) | 2004-02-25 | 2005-08-25 | Kazuo Nakajima | Multi-element polycrystal for solar cells and method of manufacturing the same |
JP2012182340A (ja) | 2011-03-02 | 2012-09-20 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | 化合物半導体及び太陽電池 |
JP2014067745A (ja) | 2012-09-24 | 2014-04-17 | Kyocera Corp | 光電変換装置の製造方法 |
JP2018534785A (ja) | 2015-11-20 | 2018-11-22 | ベイジン チュアング テクノロジー カンパニー リミテッド | 2接合型薄膜ソーラーセルアセンブリおよびその製造方法 |
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