JP7378695B2 - 空気分離システム - Google Patents
空気分離システム Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP7378695B2 JP7378695B2 JP2020000482A JP2020000482A JP7378695B2 JP 7378695 B2 JP7378695 B2 JP 7378695B2 JP 2020000482 A JP2020000482 A JP 2020000482A JP 2020000482 A JP2020000482 A JP 2020000482A JP 7378695 B2 JP7378695 B2 JP 7378695B2
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- Prior art keywords
- pressure column
- column
- argon
- oxygen
- flow rate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 25
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 134
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 67
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 56
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 46
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011344 liquid material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010202 multivariate logistic regression analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000611 regression analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007619 statistical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04406—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system
- F25J3/04412—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system in a classical double column flowsheet, i.e. with thermal coupling by a main reboiler-condenser in the bottom of low pressure respectively top of high pressure column
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04642—Recovering noble gases from air
- F25J3/04648—Recovering noble gases from air argon
- F25J3/04654—Producing crude argon in a crude argon column
- F25J3/04666—Producing crude argon in a crude argon column as a parallel working rectification column of the low pressure column in a dual pressure main column system
- F25J3/04672—Producing crude argon in a crude argon column as a parallel working rectification column of the low pressure column in a dual pressure main column system having a top condenser
- F25J3/04678—Producing crude argon in a crude argon column as a parallel working rectification column of the low pressure column in a dual pressure main column system having a top condenser cooled by oxygen enriched liquid from high pressure column bottoms
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
- F25J3/04769—Operation, control and regulation of the process; Instrumentation within the process
- F25J3/04793—Rectification, e.g. columns; Reboiler-condenser
- F25J3/048—Argon recovery
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- F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
- F25J3/04078—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression
- F25J3/0409—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression of oxygen
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- F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
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- F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
- F25J3/0429—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of feed air, e.g. used as waste or product air or expanded into an auxiliary column
- F25J3/04303—Lachmann expansion, i.e. expanded into oxygen producing or low pressure column
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04406—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system
- F25J3/04424—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system without thermally coupled high and low pressure columns, i.e. a so-called split columns
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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- F25J3/04624—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using integrated mass and heat exchange, so-called non-adiabatic rectification, e.g. dephlegmator, reflux exchanger
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- F25J3/04642—Recovering noble gases from air
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- F25J3/04642—Recovering noble gases from air
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- F25J3/04654—Producing crude argon in a crude argon column
- F25J3/04666—Producing crude argon in a crude argon column as a parallel working rectification column of the low pressure column in a dual pressure main column system
- F25J3/04672—Producing crude argon in a crude argon column as a parallel working rectification column of the low pressure column in a dual pressure main column system having a top condenser
- F25J3/04703—Producing crude argon in a crude argon column as a parallel working rectification column of the low pressure column in a dual pressure main column system having a top condenser being arranged in more than one vessel
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- F25J2280/00—Control of the process or apparatus
- F25J2280/50—Advanced process control, e.g. adaptive or multivariable control
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
Description
例えば、特許文献1は、酸素、窒素およびアルゴンなどの製品を製造する空気分離装置を開示する。空気分離装置は、これらの製品を効率的に製造するために、高圧精留塔、低圧精留塔、粗アルゴン精留塔など複数の精留塔から構成される。
しかし、空気分離装置の製品酸素取出量や製品窒素取出量などの製造量の変更に伴い、空気分離装置の低圧塔の状態が変化することで、最終段のアルゴン精留塔から取り出せる高純度の製品アルゴンの抽出率が大きく変動していた。
主熱交換器(1)と、
主熱交換器(1)を通過した原料空気が導入される高圧塔(2)と、
高圧塔(2)の塔頂部(23)から導出されるガスを凝縮する第一凝縮部(3)と、
高圧塔(2)の塔底部(21)から導出される酸素富化液が導入される低圧塔(4)と、
低圧塔(4)の精留部の中間段であるアルゴン抽出部から導出されるアルゴン含有酸素富化気液物が導入される、粗アルゴン塔(5、6)と、
粗アルゴン塔(5、6)の精留部(中間段または上部)または塔頂部から導出されるアルゴン富化気液物が導入される純アルゴン精留塔(8)と、
を備える。
粗アルゴン塔は、分離されていてもよく、単一の塔で構成されていてもよい。
空気分離システムを構成する構成要素(例えば、熱交換器の温度、弁の開閉、流量調整弁、圧力調整弁、圧縮機、膨張タービンなど)を制御するプロセス制御部(201)と、
高圧塔(2)の塔底部(21)に溜まる酸素富化液の酸素濃度(EC_O2)を演算で推定する酸素濃度推定部(202)と、
高圧塔(2)の塔底部(21)から導出され低圧塔(3)の精留部へ導入される酸素富化液の流量(EF_O2)を演算で推定する流量推定部(203)と、
主熱交換器(1)の少なくとも一部を通過して膨張タービン(10)へ送られる原料空気の流量(F_FA)と、酸素富化液の酸素濃度(EC_O2)と、酸素富化液の流量(EF_O2)とに基づいて、アルゴン抽出部の目標温度(T)を演算する目標温度演算部(204)と、
各種データを記憶するメモリ(208)と、
を備える。
目標温度演算部(204)は、多変数解析、回帰分析などの統計的手法を用いて、目標温度(T)を演算してもよい。
前記プロセス制御部は、アルゴン抽出部の測定温度(T_Ar)が目標温度(Tt)になるように、液体窒素の補充量の流量(流量計F101と弁V13)と、および/または、高圧塔(2)の塔頂部(23)から導出される還流液の流量(流量計F102と弁V12)とを制御してもよい。
酸素濃度推定部(202)は、高圧塔(2)の物質収支を演算することで、酸素富化液の酸素濃度(EC_O2)を推定できる。
流量推定部(203)は、酸素富化液を低圧塔(3)へ供給するバルブの開度及びそのバルブの前後差圧の演算により、酸素富化液の流量(EF_O2)を推定できる。
低圧塔における運転圧力の変動によるアルゴン抽出部の温度低下、また、その他原因によるアルゴン抽出部の温度低下を検知して、アルゴン抽出部に窒素混入を防ぎ、アルゴン抽出率を向上させることができる。
実施形態1の空気分離システムについて図1を用いて説明する。
空気分離システムは、主熱交換器1と、主熱交換器1を通過した原料空気が配管L1を介して導入される高圧塔2と、高圧塔2の塔頂部23から配管L231で導出される高圧塔精留物を凝縮する第一凝縮部(窒素凝縮器)3と、高圧塔2の塔底部21から導出される酸素富化液が導入される低圧塔4とを備える。
膨張タービン10へ送られる原料空気の流量(F_FA)は、流量計(F103)で測定される。測定データは制御装置200へ送られ、メモリ208に時系列データとして保存される。
塔底部21から導出される酸素富化液は、熱交換器E5で熱交換された後で、膨張タービン10から排出された原料空気が導入される低圧塔4の精留部42の中間段423と同じまたは上下方向で近辺の精留段へ、配管L2を介して導入される。配管L2には制御弁V11が設けられており、液面レベル計(L101)の測定データに応じて、制御弁V11が制御装置200で制御され、酸素富化液の導入量が調整される。
高圧塔2の塔底部21から導出され低圧塔4の精留部42へ導入される酸素富化液の流量(F_O2)を測定する流量計(F104)が配管L2に設けられる。測定データは制御装置200へ送られ、メモリ208に時系列データとして保存される。
高圧塔2の塔頂部23には、圧力計(P101)が設けられ、塔頂部23の圧力が測定される。側定データは制御装置200へ送られ、メモリ208に時系列データとして保存される。
高圧塔2の塔頂部23から配管L25で導出される高圧塔精留物(還流液)は、主熱交換器1に送られる。
低圧塔4の精留部42の上部または塔頂部44から配管L3で導出される低圧塔精留気液物は、熱交換器E5で熱交換された後で、主熱交換器1へ送られる。配管L3には、圧力計(P102)が設けられ、低圧塔精留気液物の圧力を測定する。測定データは制御装置200へ送られ、メモリ208に時系列データとして保存される。
配管L3は、熱交換器E5の手前で配管L33と合流し、第一凝縮器3の上部から導出される蒸発気液物が合流し、一緒に熱交換器E5へ送られる。
低圧塔4の塔頂部44から配管L5で導出される低圧塔頂部精留物は、熱交換器E5で熱交換された後で、主熱交換器1へ送られる。
高圧塔2の塔頂部23から配管L23で導出される高圧塔精留物(還流液)が、熱交換器E5で熱交換された後で、低圧塔4の塔頂部44へ送られる。配管L23には、高圧塔精留物の流量を測定する流量計(F102)と、制御弁V12が設けられる。測定データは制御装置200へ送られ、メモリ208に時系列データとして保存される。流量計(F102)の測定データに応じて、制御弁V12が制御装置200で制御され、高圧塔精留物(還流液)の導入量が調整される。
補助用の液体窒素(LIN)が配管L43を介して低圧塔4の塔頂部44へ送られる。配管L43には、液体窒素の流量を測定する流量計(F101)と、制御弁V13が設けられる。測定データは制御装置200へ送られ、メモリ208に時系列データとして保存される。流量計(F103)の測定データに応じて、制御弁V13が制御装置200で制御され、液体窒素の導入量が調整される。
低圧塔4の塔底部41から配管L4で導出される気液物と、第一凝縮器3の頂部から配管L31で導出される気液物とは、合流し、主熱交換器1へ送られる。
また、第二粗アルゴン塔6の塔頂部63から導出される第二粗アルゴン精留物を凝縮する第三凝縮器7と、第二粗アルゴン塔6の塔頂部63から配管L63で導出される高アルゴン富化気液物を、精留部82の中間段へ導入される純アルゴン精留塔8とを備える。
アルゴンの含有濃度は以下の関係である。
アルゴン含有酸素富化気液物<アルゴン富化気液物<第二粗アルゴン精留物<高アルゴン富化気液物
また、各配管に、必要に応じて、圧縮機、圧力調整装置、流量制御装置などが設置され、圧力調整または流量調整が行われていてもよい。
制御装置200は、プロセス制御部201と、酸素濃度推定部202と、流量推定部203と、目標温度演算部204と、各種データ(設定データ、プロセスデータ、上述の測定データなど)を記憶するメモリ208とを有する。
プロセス制御部201は、空気分離システムを構成する構成要素(例えば、熱交換器の温度、弁の開閉、流量調整弁、圧力調整弁、圧縮機、膨張タービンなど)を制御する。
酸素濃度推定部202は、高圧塔2の塔底部21に溜まる酸素富化液の酸素濃度(EC_O2)を演算で推定する。
流量推定部203は、高圧塔2の塔底部21から導出され低圧塔4の精留部42へ導入される酸素富化液の流量(EF_O2)を演算で推定する。
目標温度演算部204は、主熱交換器1の少なくとも一部を通過して膨張タービン10へ送られる原料空気の流量(F_FA)と、酸素富化液の酸素濃度(EC_O2)と、酸素富化液の流量(EF_O2)とに基づいて、アルゴン抽出部421の目標温度(Tt)を演算する。目標温度演算部204は、多変数解析、回帰分析などの統計的手法などを用いて、目標温度(Tt)を演算する。
プロセス制御部201は、アルゴン抽出部421の測定温度(T101)が目標温度(Tt)になるように、液体窒素の補充量の流量(流量計F101と弁V13)と、および/または、高圧塔2の塔頂部23から導出される高圧塔精留物(還流液)の流量(流量計F102と弁V12)とを制御する。
図1の構成において、アルゴンの抽出率の効果を検証した。
比較例:従来のように、酸素富化液の濃度を一定にするプロセス制御をおこなった。
実施例:アルゴン抽出部の温度を目標温度になるように制御をおこなった。
実施例は、比較例よりも平均9%のアルゴン抽出率の改善が見られた。
2 高圧塔
21 塔底部
22 精留部
23 塔頂部
3 第一凝縮器
4 低圧塔
41 塔底部
42 精留部
44 塔頂部
5 第一粗アルゴン塔
6 第二粗アルゴン塔
7 第三凝縮器
8 純アルゴン塔
83 第四凝縮器
10 膨張タービン
E5 熱交換器
E6 熱交換器
Claims (2)
- 主熱交換器(1)と、
前記主熱交換器(1)を通過した原料空気が導入される高圧塔(2)と、
前記高圧塔(2)の塔頂部(23)から導入されるガスを凝縮する第一凝縮部(3)と、
前記高圧塔(2)の塔底部(21)から導出される酸素富化液が導入される低圧塔(4)と、
前記低圧塔(4)の精留部の中間段であるアルゴン抽出部から導出されるアルゴン含有酸素富化気液物が導入される、粗アルゴン塔(5)と、を備える、空気分離システムであって、
前記空気分離システムを構成する構成要素を制御するプロセス制御部(201)と、
前記高圧塔(2)の塔底部(21)に溜まる酸素富化液の酸素濃度(EC_O2)を演算で推定する酸素濃度推定部(202)と、
前記高圧塔(2)の塔底部(21)から導出され前記低圧塔(4)の精留部へ導入される酸素富化液の流量(EF_O2)を演算で推定する流量推定部(203)と、
前記主熱交換器(1)の少なくとも一部を通過して膨張タービン(10)へ送られ、該膨張タービン(10)から排出されて、前記低圧塔(4)の精留部へ送られる原料空気の流量(F_FA)と、前記酸素富化液の酸素濃度(EC_O2)と、前記酸素富化液の流量(EF_O2)とに基づいて、アルゴン抽出部の目標温度(Tt)を演算する目標温度演算部(204)と、
を備える、空気分離システム。 - 前記プロセス制御部は、アルゴン抽出部の測定温度が目標温度(Tt)になるように、前記低圧塔(4)の塔頂部へ送られる液体窒素の補充量の流量と、および/または、前記高圧塔(2)の塔頂部から前記低圧塔(4)の塔頂部へ送られる還流液の流量とを制御する、請求項1に記載の空気分離システム。
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CN202011636741.0A CN113074515A (zh) | 2020-01-06 | 2020-12-31 | 空气分离系统 |
SG10202100029UA SG10202100029UA (en) | 2020-01-06 | 2021-01-04 | Air separation system |
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JPH04359786A (ja) * | 1991-06-04 | 1992-12-14 | Hitachi Ltd | 空気分離装置の制御方法 |
US5313800A (en) * | 1993-02-01 | 1994-05-24 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Process for maximizing the recovery of argon from an air separation system at high argon recovery rates |
JP2714527B2 (ja) * | 1993-06-22 | 1998-02-16 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | 空気分離装置の運転制御方法及び装置 |
US5406800A (en) * | 1994-05-27 | 1995-04-18 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Cryogenic rectification system capacity control method |
US6138474A (en) * | 1999-01-29 | 2000-10-31 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Argon production control through argon inventory manipulation |
US6347534B1 (en) * | 1999-05-25 | 2002-02-19 | Air Liquide Process And Construction | Cryogenic distillation system for air separation |
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