JP7378439B2 - 造血幹細胞における遺伝子編集のための方法および組成物 - Google Patents
造血幹細胞における遺伝子編集のための方法および組成物 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本出願は、米国特許法第119条(e)の下、2015年11月4日付で出願された米国仮特許出願第62/250,561号の優先権を有しており、その出願は参照によりその全体が本明細書に組み入れられる。
キメラ抗原受容体(CAR)T細胞(CART細胞)、抗体-薬物コンジュゲートまたは二重特異性T細胞誘導抗体(BITE)などの強力な抗原特異的免疫療法は、がんの処置への新規のアプローチを示す。増加した効力は、B細胞悪性腫瘍のCART19処置に起因する長期B細胞形成不全などの、増加したオンターゲットオフ腫瘍毒性(on-target off-tumor toxicity)と関連する。本質的に、これは、これらの様式のいずれも、同じ細胞表面抗原を有する悪性細胞とそれらの正常な相当物とを識別することができないためである。CART細胞は、T細胞が、表面上に特異的抗原を発現する細胞を認識および殺傷するように遺伝子操作されている、新規の療法である。CARは、T細胞表面受容体の細胞内シグナル伝達ドメインと組み合わされた抗体の抗原認識ドメインのハイブリッドである。CD19を標的とするCART細胞は、いくつかの第I相臨床試験においてB細胞悪性腫瘍に対する効能を示し(Grupp et al, New England Journal of Medicine. 2013;368: 1509-1518(非特許文献1); Brentjens et al, Blood. 2011;118: 4817-4828(非特許文献2);およびKochenderfer et al, Blood. 2010: 116: 4099-4102(非特許文献3))、かつ正常なB細胞を除去する。長期にわたるBリンパ球減少はヒトによって十分に許容されるため、この特定の毒性はCART19後に用量制限的ではなかった。しかし、CD123またはCD33などの、急性骨髄性白血病(AML)抗原を標的とするCART細胞は、白血病細胞を根絶し、結果的に、同じ表面抗原を有することから、正常な骨髄系前駆細胞を除去し、従って、骨髄形成不全へ至る。AML細胞上に選択的に発現され、正常な骨髄系細胞上には発現されない表面抗原が存在しないため、AMLおよび他の骨髄疾患(骨髄異形成および骨髄増殖性腫瘍を含む)におけるCART細胞の使用は制限される。
[本発明1001]
その必要のある対象においてキメラ抗原受容体(CAR)T細胞療法から造血幹細胞または前駆細胞を保護する方法であって、該方法が、改変造血幹細胞または前駆細胞を対象へ投与する段階を含み、ここで、該幹細胞または前駆細胞が、内因性遺伝子またはその一部の発現を減少させることができる核酸を含み、ここで、該内因性遺伝子が、CARに標的とされる抗原ドメインを含むポリペプチドをコードする、前記方法。
[本発明1002]
CAR T細胞療法をその必要のある対象へ施す段階をさらに含む、本発明1001の方法。
[本発明1003]
内因性遺伝子発現を減少させることができる核酸が、CRISPR系である、本発明1001の方法。
[本発明1004]
CRISPR系が、Cas発現ベクターと、内因性遺伝子に対して特異的なガイド核酸配列とを含む、本発明1003の方法。
[本発明1005]
CRISPR系が、内因性遺伝子に対して特異的なガイド核酸配列と複合体化されたCas9タンパク質を含む、本発明1003の方法。
[本発明1006]
CRISPR系が誘導性プロモーターを含む、本発明1003の方法。
[本発明1007]
Cas発現ベクター中の誘導性プロモーターを活性化する作用物質へ造血幹細胞または前駆細胞を曝露する段階をさらに含む、本発明1006の方法。
[本発明1008]
内因性遺伝子が腫瘍抗原をコードする、本発明1001の方法。
[本発明1009]
内因性遺伝子が、CARに標的とされる腫瘍細胞上に発現される、本発明1001の方法。
[本発明1010]
内因性遺伝子がCD33またはCD123をコードする、本発明1001の方法。
[本発明1011]
改変細胞が、CARに標的とされる抗原ドメインを欠いている改変ポリペプチドをコードする改変内因性遺伝子をさらに含む、本発明1001の方法。
[本発明1012]
前記改変ポリペプチドが、内因性遺伝子によってコードされるポリペプチドの機能と同等である少なくとも1つの機能を含む、本発明1011の方法。
[本発明1013]
改変造血幹細胞または前駆細胞を作製するための方法であって、該方法が、内因性遺伝子またはその一部の発現を減少させることができる核酸を細胞中へ導入する段階を含み、ここで、該内因性遺伝子が、キメラ抗原受容体(CAR)に標的とされる抗原ドメインを含むポリペプチドをコードする、前記方法。
[本発明1014]
CAR T細胞療法の必要のある対象から細胞を得る段階をさらに含む、本発明1013の方法。
[本発明1015]
細胞が、末梢血単核細胞、臍帯血細胞、骨髄、リンパ節、および脾臓からなる群より選択される供給源から入手される、本発明1013の方法。
[本発明1016]
細胞がCD34+である、本発明1013の方法。
[本発明1017]
内因性遺伝子発現を減少させることができる核酸が、CRISPR系である、本発明1013の方法。
[本発明1018]
CRISPR系が、内因性遺伝子に対して特異的なガイド核酸配列と複合体化されたCas9タンパク質を含む、本発明1017の方法。
[本発明1019]
CRISPR系が、Cas発現ベクターと、内因性遺伝子に対して特異的なガイド核酸配列とを含む、本発明1017の方法。
[本発明1020]
CRISPR系が誘導性プロモーターを含む、本発明1017の方法。
[本発明1021]
Cas発現ベクター中の誘導性プロモーターを活性化する作用物質へ造血幹細胞または前駆細胞を曝露する段階をさらに含む、本発明1020の方法。
[本発明1022]
内因性遺伝子が腫瘍抗原をコードする、本発明1013の方法。
[本発明1023]
内因性遺伝子が、CARに標的とされる腫瘍細胞上に発現される、本発明1013の方法。
[本発明1024]
内因性遺伝子が、CD33およびCD123からなる群より選択される、本発明1013の方法。
[本発明1025]
改変細胞中へ改変内因性遺伝子を導入する段階をさらに含み、該改変内因性遺伝子が、CARに標的とされる抗原ドメインを欠いている改変ポリペプチドをコードする、本発明1013の方法。
[本発明1026]
前記改変ポリペプチドが、内因性遺伝子によってコードされるポリペプチドの機能と同等である少なくとも1つの機能を含む、本発明1025の方法。
[本発明1027]
前記細胞を増大させる段階をさらに含む、本発明1013の方法。
[本発明1028]
前記増大させる段階を、前記核酸を導入する段階の前に行う、本発明1027の方法。
[本発明1029]
前記細胞を凍結保存する段階をさらに含む、本発明1013の方法。
[本発明1030]
前記核酸を導入する前に、凍結保存された細胞を解凍する段階をさらに含む、本発明1029の方法。
[本発明1031]
前記核酸を導入する段階を、細胞に形質導入を行うこと、細胞にトランスフェクションを行うこと、および細胞にエレクトロポレーションを行うことからなる群より選択されるプロセスによって行う、本発明1013の方法。
[本発明1032]
本発明1013の方法に従って作製された改変細胞を含む、組成物。
[本発明1033]
本発明1013の方法に従って作製された改変細胞および薬学的に許容される担体を含む、薬学的組成物。
[本発明1034]
養子細胞移入療法のための方法であって、該方法が、本発明1013の方法に従って作製された改変細胞を含む有効量の薬学的組成物を、その必要のある対象へ投与する段階を含み、ここで、該対象に、有効量の該細胞と、内因性遺伝子によってコードされるポリペプチドの抗原ドメインを標的とするCAR T細胞療法とが施され、それによって対象を処置する、前記方法。
[本発明1035]
前記改変細胞が、対象中で少なくとも1つの血液細胞型へ分化する、本発明1034の方法。
[本発明1036]
前記改変細胞が、対象中への投与後に自己複製することができる、本発明1034の方法。
[本発明1037]
その必要のある対象における状態を処置する方法であって、
該方法が、
対象に本発明1013の方法に従って作製された改変細胞を含む治療有効量の薬学的組成物を投与する段階と、
CAR療法を施す段階であって、該CARが、内因性遺伝子によってコードされるポリペプチドの抗原ドメインを特異的に標的とする抗原結合ドメインを含む、前記段階と
を含み、それによって状態を処置する、前記方法。
[本発明1038]
前記改変細胞が、対象中で少なくとも1つの血液細胞型へ分化する、本発明1037の方法。
[本発明1039]
前記改変細胞が、対象中への投与後に自己複製することができる、本発明1037の方法。
[本発明1040]
前記状態が自己免疫疾患である、本発明1037の方法。
[本発明1041]
自己免疫疾患が、後天性免疫不全症候群(AIDS)、円形脱毛症、強直性脊椎炎、抗リン脂質抗体症候群、自己免疫性アジソン病、自己免疫性溶血性貧血、自己免疫性肝炎、内耳自己免疫病(AIED)、自己免疫性リンパ増殖症候群(ALPS)、自己免疫性血小板減少性紫斑病(ATP)、ベーチェット病、心筋症、セリアック病-疱疹状皮膚炎;慢性疲労免疫機能不全症候群(CFIDS)、慢性炎症性脱髄性多発神経炎(CIPD)、瘢痕性類天疱瘡、寒冷凝集素症、クレスト症候群、クローン病、ドゴー病、若年性皮膚筋炎、円板状ループス、本態性混合型クリオグロブリン血症、線維筋痛-線維筋炎、グレーブス病、ギラン・バレー症候群、橋本甲状腺炎、特発性肺線維症、特発性血小板減少性紫斑病(ITP)、IgA腎症、インスリン依存性糖尿病、若年性慢性関節炎(スティル病)、若年性関節リウマチ、メニエール病、混合性結合組織病、多発性硬化症、重症筋無力症、悪性貧血、結節性多発動脈炎、多発性軟骨炎、多腺性症候群、リウマチ性多発筋痛症、多発性筋炎および皮膚筋炎、原発性無ガンマグロブリン血症、原発性胆汁性肝硬変、乾癬、乾癬性関節炎、レイノー現象、ライター症候群、リウマチ熱、関節リウマチ、サルコイドーシス、強皮症(進行性全身性硬化症(PSS)、これは全身性硬化症(SS)としても知られる)、シェーグレン症候群、スティッフマン症候群、全身性エリテマトーデス、高安動脈炎、側頭動脈炎/巨細胞性動脈炎、潰瘍性大腸炎、ブドウ膜炎、白斑、ヴェーゲナー肉芽腫症、ならびにそれらの任意の組み合わせからなる群より選択される、本発明1040の方法。
[本発明1042]
状態ががんである、本発明1037の方法。
[本発明1043]
がんが、乳がん、前立腺がん、卵巣がん、子宮頸がん、皮膚がん、膵臓がん、大腸がん、腎臓がん、肝臓がん、脳がん、リンパ腫、白血病、肺がん、およびそれらの任意の組み合わせからなる群より選択される、本発明1042の方法。
定義
他に定義されない限り、本明細書において用いられる全ての技術用語および科学用語は、本発明が属する技術分野の当業者によって一般的に理解されるのと同じ意味を有する。本明細書において記述された方法および材料と類似または同等の任意の方法および材料を本発明の試験の実践において用いることができるが、好ましい材料および方法が本明細書において記述される。本発明を記述および主張するうえで、以下の専門用語が用いられる。
本明細書に記載される本発明は、内因性遺伝子またはその一部の減少した発現を有する改変造血幹細胞または前駆細胞を作製する組成物および方法を含む。内因性遺伝子は、CARによって、または任意の他の抗体ベースの様式、例えば、モノクローナル抗体、scFv、もしくは二重特異性抗体(例えばBITE)に標的とされる抗原ドメインを含むポリペプチドをコードする。内因性遺伝子またはその一部は遺伝子編集によってダウンレギュレートされ、その結果、改変造血幹細胞または前駆細胞に、CART細胞または他の抗原特異的療法に対する耐性が与えられる。
本発明の一局面は、その必要のある対象においてキメラ抗原受容体(CAR)T細胞療法または他の抗原特異的療法から造血幹細胞または前駆細胞を保護する方法を含む。この方法は、改変造血幹細胞または前駆細胞を投与する段階を含む。該幹細胞または前駆細胞は、内因性遺伝子またはその一部の発現を減少させることができる核酸を含み、該内因性遺伝子は、CARに標的とされる抗原ドメインを含むポリペプチドをコードする。1つの態様において、本発明は、CART療法をその必要のある対象へ施す段階をさらに含み得る。
プログラム可能なヌクレアーゼを使用するゲノム編集は、特定のゲノム遺伝子座での正確な編集を可能にし、これは、有害突然変異を除去するかまたは保護突然変異を挿入するために使用され得る。現在までのところ、以下の3つの主要なクラスのヌクレアーゼがある:ジンクフィンガーヌクレアーゼ(ZFN)、転写活性化因子様エフェクターヌクレアーゼ(TALEN)、およびクラスター化され規則的に間隔の空いた短い回文反復配列(CRISPR)関連ヌクレアーゼ。これらのうち、CRISPR関連ヌクレアーゼは、使用が容易かつ単純である点で他のものより著しく優れていることが分かった。
CARは、養子細胞移入における療法として典型的に用いられる。CARは、抗原へ特異的に結合し、そして免疫エフェクター細胞としてT細胞を活性化するように操作されている、T細胞上に発現される人工受容体である。多くの場合において、CART細胞に標的とされる抗原は、正常細胞および罹患細胞上に発現される内因性遺伝子である。従って、CART細胞は、正常細胞および罹患細胞の両方を排除の標的とする。
造血幹細胞または前駆細胞に核酸を導入する方法には、物理的方法、生物学的方法および化学的方法が含まれる。RNAのような、ポリヌクレオチドを宿主細胞に導入するための物理的方法には、リン酸カルシウム沈殿、リポフェクション、粒子衝撃、マイクロインジェクション、エレクトロポレーションなどが含まれる。エレクトロポレーション(Amaxa Nucleofector-II (Amaxa Biosystems, Cologne, Germany))、(ECM 830 (BTX) (Harvard Instruments, Boston, Mass.)またはGene Pulser II (BioRad, Denver, Colo.)、Multiporator (Eppendort, Hamburg Germany)を含む市販の方法を用いて、RNAを標的細胞に導入することができる。リポフェクションを用いたカチオン性リポソーム媒介トランスフェクションを用いて、ポリマーカプセル化を用いて、ペプチド媒介トランスフェクションを用いて、または「遺伝子銃」のような微粒子銃粒子送達系を用いて、RNAを細胞に導入することもできる(例えば、Nishikawa, et al. Hum Gene Ther., 12(8):861-70 (2001)を参照のこと)。
1つの態様において、細胞に導入される核酸はRNAを含む。別の態様において、CRISPR系の少なくとも1つの成分はRNAを含む。さらに別の態様において、ガイド核酸配列はRNAである。別の態様において、RNAは、インビトロで転写されたRNAまたは合成RNAを含む。RNAは、ポリメラーゼ連鎖反応(PCR)生成された鋳型を用いたインビトロ転写によって産生される。任意の供給源由来の関心対象のDNAは、適切なプライマーおよびRNAポリメラーゼを用いてインビトロmRNA合成のための鋳型にPCRによって直接変換することができる。DNA供給源は、例えば、ゲノムDNA、プラスミドDNA、ファージDNA、cDNA、合成DNA配列または任意の他の適切なDNA供給源であることができる。
増大の前に、細胞の供給源が対象から得られる。対象の非限定的な例としては、ヒト、イヌ、ネコ、マウス、ラット、非ヒト霊長類、ブタ、およびそれらのトランスジェニック種が挙げられる。好ましくは、対象はヒトである。細胞は、末梢血単核細胞、骨髄、臍帯血、リンパ節組織、脾臓組織、臍帯および腫瘍を含む、いくつかの供給源から得ることができる。ある特定の態様において、当技術分野において利用可能なHSCまたは前駆細胞株が用いられうる。ある特定の態様において、細胞は、フィコール(Ficoll)分離のような、当業者に公知の任意の数の技法を用いて、対象から収集された血液の単位から得ることができる。1つの態様において、個体の循環血液からの細胞は、アフェレーシスまたは白血球除去輸血によって得られる。アフェレーシス生成物は、典型的には、T細胞、単球、顆粒球、B細胞、他の有核白血球、赤血球および血小板を含めて、リンパ球を含む。アフェレーシスによって収集された細胞を洗浄して、血漿画分を除去し、リン酸緩衝生理食塩水(PBS)のような、適切な緩衝液もしくは培地またはその後の加工処理段階のため、カルシウムを欠くかつマグネシウムを欠きうるか、もしくは全部ではないが多くの二価陽イオンを欠きうる洗浄溶液の中に細胞を配してもよい。洗浄後、細胞は、例えば、Ca不含、Mg不含PBSのような、種々の生体適合性緩衝液に再懸濁されうる。あるいは、アフェレーシスサンプルの望ましくない成分が除去され、細胞は培地に直接再懸濁されうる。
本発明は、本明細書に記載される改変細胞を含む細胞の集団を含む。1つの態様において、本明細書に記載される改変細胞を作製するための方法はまた、細胞または改変細胞を増大させる段階を含む。1つの態様において、増大は、核酸を導入する段階の前である。さらに別の態様において、増大は、核酸を導入する段階の前である。いくつかの態様において、本明細書に開示される細胞は、約10倍、20倍、30倍、40倍、50倍、60倍、70倍、80倍、90倍、100倍、200倍、300倍、400倍、500倍、600倍、700倍、800倍、900倍、1000倍、2000倍、3000倍、4000倍、5000倍、6000倍、7000倍、8000倍、9000倍、10,000倍、100,000倍、1,000,000倍、10,000,000倍、またはそれを上回って、ならびにそれらの間のいずれかおよびすべての全体的および部分的な整数倍に増大させることができる。1つの態様では、細胞を約20倍~約50倍の範囲で増大させる。
本明細書において記述される改変細胞は、治療のための組成物中に含まれうる。組成物は、薬学的組成物を含み、薬学的に許容される担体をさらに含みうる。改変細胞を含む薬学的組成物の治療的有効量が投与されうる。
本発明の薬学的組成物は、本明細書において記述される改変T細胞を、1つまたは複数の薬学的にまたは生理学的に許容される担体、希釈剤または賦形剤と組み合わせて含みうる。そのような組成物は、中性緩衝生理食塩水、リン酸緩衝生理食塩水などのような緩衝液; グルコース、マンノース、スクロースまたはデキストランのような炭水化物、マンニトール; タンパク質; ポリペプチドまたはグリシンのようなアミノ酸; 抗酸化剤; EDTAまたはグルタチオンのようなキレート剤; アジュバント(例えば、水酸化アルミニウム); および保存料を含みうる。本発明の組成物は、好ましくは、静脈内投与のために製剤化される。
本発明は、以下の実験的実施例を参照して、さらに詳細に説明される。これらの実施例は、例示のみを目的として提供されており、特記しない限り、限定することを意図したものではない。したがって、本発明は、以下の実施例に限定されると解釈されるべきではなく、むしろ、本明細書で提供された教示の結果として明らかになる、ありとあらゆる変形を包含すると解釈されるべきである。
T7プロモーター下で発現されるヒトコドン最適化Cas9は、Yangbing Zhao博士よって善意で提供された。Cas9 mRNAを、mMessage mMachine T7 Ultraキット(Ambion, AM1345)を用いてインビトロで転写した。ガイドRNA(gRNA)を、標準分子生物学技法を用いてpUC57-sgRNAプラスミド(Addgene 51132)中へクローニングした。gRNAを、T7-Scribe Standard RNA IVTキット(Cellscript, C-AS2607)を用いてインビトロで転写した。RNAを、RNeasy Mini Kit (Qiagen, 74104)を用いて精製した。
凍結されたCD34+細胞を、ペンシルバニア大学のStem Cell and Xenograft Coreから購入した。あるいは、自己幹細胞ドナーからのG-CSF動員末梢血を、ペンシルバニア大学病院でもはや使用されてなくなった臨床検体から得、CD34+選択を、CD34 Microbead Kit (Miltenyi, 130-046-702)を用いて行った。CD34+細胞純度は、フローサイトメトリーによって>95%であると確認された。細胞をエレクトロポレーション前に一晩休ませた。
Molm14細胞を、10% FBSを補充したRPMI-1640培地(R10)中に培養した。CD34+細胞を、ヒトサイトカイン(SCF 100ng/ul、Flt3リガンド100ng/ul、TPO 50ng/ul、IL-6 50ng/ul)を補充したStemSpan SFEM (Stem Cell Technologies, 09650)中で培養した。
Molm14またはCD34+細胞を、1回洗浄し、Opti-MEM中に再懸濁し、そして、400Vおよび5msecの単一パルスを用いてBTX ECM 830 Square Wave Electroporation System(Harvard Apparatus)でCas9 mRNAのエレクトロポレーションを行った。細胞を32℃で一晩インキュベートし、翌日、同じ機器および設定を用いてgRNAの再エレクトロポレーションを行った。細胞を翌日まで32℃で維持し、その後、それらを分析まで37℃で培養した。あるいは、CD34+細胞に、同じ設定を用いて、CD33を標的とするgRNAと複合体化されたCas9タンパク質(PNA Bio, CP02)のエレクトロポレーションを1回行った。細胞を32℃で一晩インキュベートし、次いで、NSGマウス中へ注射したか、またはさらなる分析まで37℃で維持した。
インビボ研究のために、8~12週齢のNOD-SCID-IL2rg-/-(NSG)マウスを、元はJackson Laboratoriesから得、ペンシルバニア大学のStem Cell and Xenograft Coreから購入した。マウスに、ブスルファン30mg/kgを注射し、翌日、1~5x105個の対照またはCD33 KO HSPCを注射した。4週間毎にマウスの眼窩後方から採血し、ヒト生着プロフィールをモニタリングした。12週間の生着後、マウスに1~5x106個の自己由来のCD33を標的とするCAR T細胞を注射した。実験の終了時に、骨髄および脾臓を採取し、系列組成について評価した。
エレクトロポレーションから1日後に、1000個のCD34+細胞を、2つ組で6ウェルプレート上の1.1mlのメチルセルロース(MethoCult H4435 Enriched, Stem Cell Technologies)中に平板培養し、37℃、5% CO2、95%湿度で2週間培養した。次いで、コロニーをカウントおよびスコアリングした。個々のコロニーを取り出して、50mM NaOHおよび0.2 mM EDTAを含有する溶解バッファー40μl中に溶解させた。サンプルを20分間95℃へ加熱し、次いで冷却し、その後、1μlの1M TrisClを添加した。2μlの反応物を、製造業者の説明書に従ってAccuPrime Pfx SuperMix (Invitrogen, 12344-040)を用いてPCRのために使用した。さらに、MethoCultウェルを、一晩、R10培地で可溶化し、フローサイトメトリーを単個細胞浮遊液に対して行った。細胞形態をCytospinによって分析し、DiffQuik染色手順で染色した。
以下の抗-ヒト抗体を使用し、エレクトロポレーションから7日後にCD34+細胞を評価した:CD34-APC(BioLegend, 343510)、CD38-BV711(BioLegend, 303528)、CD33-PE(eBioscience, 12-0339-41)、CD45-BV421(BioLegend, 304032)、およびLive/Dead Fixable Aqua(Life Technologies, L34957)。FMO対照を陰性細胞パーセンテージのゲーティングに用いた。MethoCult分化細胞について、CD11b-FITC(BioLegend, 301329)、CD14-APC(BD, 340436)を、上記のCD45-BV421、CD33-PEおよびLive/Dead Fixable Aquaに加えて用いた。マウス末梢血分析のために、マウスCD45-APC/Cy7、ヒトCD45-BV421、CD3-BV605、CD19-PE/Cy7、CD33-PE、CD11b-FITC、およびCD14-APCを用いた。
High Pure PCR Template Preparation Kit(Roche, 11796828001)を用いて、ゲノムDNAをMolm14およびCD34+細胞から抽出した。以下のプライマーを用いて、PCRを行った:
対照(EMX1)を用いて、またはCD33を標的とするgRNAを用いてエレクトロポレーションが行われたCD34+細胞を、72時間、T細胞と共に1:1の比でインキュベートした。培養下で残っているT細胞およびCD34+細胞の数を、以下の抗体を用いてフローサイトメトリーによって分析した:CD3-PE Cy7(eBioscience, 24-0038-42)、CD34-APC(BioLegend, 343510)、CD38-BV711(BioLegend, 303528)、CD33-PE(eBioscience, 12-0339-41)、CD45-BV421(BioLegend, 304032)、およびLive/Dead Fixable Aqua。Countbright絶対数計数用ビーズ(Invitrogen, C36950)を添加し、細胞フラクションの絶対数を定量化した。
ヒトHSCのCRISPR/Cas9媒介性遺伝子編集の以前の研究は、CCR5遺伝子の30%ホモ接合性ノックアウトを達成し、本明細書に記載されるアプローチの実行可能性を実証している(Mandal et al. Cell Stem Cell. 2014; 15: 643-652)。以前の研究は、G-CSF動員末梢血CD34+細胞中へCas9およびsgRNAを導入するためにプラスミドヌクレオフェクションを使用した。本明細書に記載される研究は、CD34+細胞の複数の供給源中へのCas9およびgRNAの異なる送達方法を利用することによって、HSCにおけるCRISPR/Cas9を用いた遺伝子編集への洞察を深める。
対照またはCD33 KO HSPCが生着されたNSGマウスに、自己CART33細胞を与え、4週間後に残存ヒト骨髄系細胞を評価した(図10A)。CART33で処置されたマウスの末梢血においてCD33は無くなり、これは、対照HSPC生着マウス中の骨髄系細胞(CD11b14+)のアブレーションをもたらし、一方、CD33 KO HSPC生着マウスにおいては、骨髄系細胞は保持された(図10B)。対照HSPC生着マウス中に見られた骨髄破壊とは対照的に、CART33処置後、CD33 KO HSPC生着マウスの末梢血、脾臓、および骨髄において、骨髄系細胞が検出された(図10C)。ヒト前駆細胞は、対照と比較して、CART33処置後、CD33 KO HSPC生着マウスにおいて有意に増加した(図10D)。
本明細書に記載される実験は、CD33 KO HSPC子孫が機能的欠陥を有さないことを実証した(図12A~12F)。HSPC生着マウス骨髄から得られたヒト細胞は、正常な幹細胞(芽細胞)、骨髄系前駆細胞(前骨髄球)、ならびにターミナルエフェクター細胞(単球および好中球)の特有の形態学的特徴を示した(図12A)。対照またはCD33 KO HSPCを、骨髄系サイトカイン(SCF、TPO、Flt3L、IL-6、GM-CSF、IL-3)を用いてインビトロで分化させ、ファゴソームにおいて酸性化されると緑色蛍光を有するpHrodoグリーン大腸菌生体粒子と共にインキュベートした(図12B)。ファゴサイトーシスパーセンテージの有意差は、対照およびCD33 KO HSPC間で見られなかった(図12B)。発現量の異なる遺伝子が図12Cに示され、各行は遺伝子に対応し、各列は対照(ctrl)またはCD33 KO (KO)からの1つのサンプルを示し;番号は起源のドナーを示す。これらの結果は、CD33単独のKOでは個々の遺伝子のまたは経路の有意な混乱は存在しないことを示す。対照およびCD33 KOサンプルの遺伝子発現値は、互いと強く相関した(図12D)。マウスに対照またはCD33 KO HSPCを生着させ、rhG-CSFを注射した。末梢血ヒト単球(CD11b+14+)および好中球(CD11b+14-)の絶対数を測定した。ベースラインレベルと比較して細胞数の有意な変化はなかった(図12E)。マウスに対照またはCD33 KO HSPCを生着させ、リポ多糖類を注射した。ヒトサイトカインの血清レベルは2つの群間で類似していた(図12F)。
アカゲザルCD34+ HSPCを、G-CSFおよびプレリキサフォルを用いて動員し、アフェレーシスによって取り出し、CD33のCRISPR/Cas9ベースの遺伝子ノックアウトで遺伝子を編集する。その一方で、サルを照射(TBI)でコンディショニングし、それに続いて、編集されたHSPCの再注入を受けさせる。インビトロで分化させたHSPCのCD33発現を、対照およびKO細胞において測定する。CD33遺伝子座のシークエンシングのTIDE分析も行う。移植された動物のPBから選択されたサブ集団上のCD33の発現を分析する。
本明細書における変数の定義における要素のリストの記述は、単一の要素または列記された要素の組み合わせ(または部分的組み合わせ)としての、その変数の定義を含む。本明細書における態様の記述は、単一の態様としての、または他の態様もしくはその一部分と組み合わせられた、その態様を含む。
Claims (17)
- CD123、CD19、またはCD22キメラ抗原受容体T細胞(CAR-T)療法に耐性である改変造血幹細胞および前駆細胞(HSPC)の集団を作製するための方法であって、該方法が、ガイド核酸と一本鎖オリゴヌクレオチドドナー(ssODN)配列を含む相同組換え修復(HDR)鋳型とを含むCRISPR系を該HSPC中へ導入する段階であって、該CRISPR系が、内因性のCD123、CD19、またはCD22をコードする配列中の核酸配列内に、CD123、CD19、またはCD22の遺伝子発現をダウンレギュレートすることができる単一Aヌクレオチド挿入をもたらす、段階を含み、それにより、改変ヒトHSPCの集団を作製する、
前記方法。 - 前記CRISPR系が、内因性のCD123をコードする配列中の核酸配列内に、前記挿入をもたらす、請求項1記載の方法。
- HSPCが、末梢血単核細胞、臍帯血細胞、骨髄、リンパ節、および脾臓からなる群より選択される供給源から入手されるヒト細胞であるか、または
HSPCがCD34+ HSPCである、
請求項1または2記載の方法。 - CD123、CD19、またはCD22キメラ抗原受容体T細胞(CAR-T)療法に耐性である改変造血幹細胞および前駆細胞(HSPC)の集団を作製するための方法であって、該方法が、CRISPR系を該HSPC中へ導入する段階であって、該CRISPR系が、
ガイド核酸、および
一本鎖オリゴヌクレオチドドナー(ssODN)配列
を含み、
該CRISPR系が、内因性のCD123、CD19、またはCD22をコードする配列中の核酸配列内に、CD123、CD19、またはCD22の遺伝子発現をダウンレギュレートすることができる単一Aヌクレオチド挿入をもたらす、
段階を含み、それにより、改変ヒトHSPCの集団を作製する、
前記方法。 - HSPCが、末梢血単核細胞、臍帯血細胞、骨髄、リンパ節、および脾臓からなる群より選択される供給源から入手されるヒト細胞であるか、または
HSPCがCD34+ HSPCである、
請求項4記載の方法。 - CD123、CD19、またはCD22キメラ抗原受容体T細胞(CAR-T)療法に耐性である改変ヒト造血幹細胞および前駆細胞(HSPC)の集団であって、該HSPCが、内因性のCD123、CD19、またはCD22をコードする配列の核酸配列内に単一Aヌクレオチド挿入を含み、該挿入が、ガイド核酸と一本鎖オリゴヌクレオチドドナー(ssODN)配列を含む相同組換え修復(HDR)鋳型とを含むCRISPR系によって媒介され、かつ該挿入が、CD123、CD19、またはCD22の遺伝子発現をダウンレギュレートすることができる、前記集団。
- 前記HSPCが、内因性のCD123をコードする配列の核酸配列内に前記挿入を含む、請求項6記載の改変ヒトHSPCの集団。
- HSPCが、末梢血単核細胞、臍帯血細胞、骨髄、リンパ節、および脾臓からなる群より選択される供給源から入手される自家細胞であるか、または
HSPCがCD34+ HSPCである、
請求項6または7記載の改変ヒトHSPCの集団。 - CD123、CD19、またはCD22キメラ抗原受容体T細胞(CAR-T)、および
該CD123、CD19、またはCD22 CAR-TによるCD123、CD19、またはCD22 CAR-T療法に耐性である改変造血幹細胞および前駆細胞(HSPC)の集団
を組み合わせてなる、その必要のある対象におけるがんを処置するための医薬であって、
該HSPCが、
内因性のCD123、CD19、またはCD22をコードする配列中の核酸配列内に単一Aヌクレオチド挿入を含み、該挿入が、ガイド核酸と一本鎖オリゴヌクレオチドドナー(ssODN)配列を含む相同組換え修復(HDR)鋳型とを含むCRISPR系によって導入されており、かつ該挿入が、CD123、CD19、またはCD22の遺伝子発現をダウンレギュレートすることができる、
前記医薬。 - CD123、CD19、またはCD22キメラ抗原受容体T細胞(CAR-T)療法に耐性である改変造血幹細胞および前駆細胞(HSPC)の集団を含み、該CAR-Tを含むCD123、CD19、またはCD22 CAR-T療法と併用される、その必要のある対象においてCD123、CD19、またはCD22キメラ抗原受容体(CAR)T細胞療法から造血幹細胞または前駆細胞を保護するための医薬であって、
該HSPCが、
内因性のCD123、CD19、またはCD22をコードする配列中の核酸配列内に単一Aヌクレオチド挿入を含み、該挿入が、ガイド核酸と一本鎖オリゴヌクレオチドドナー(ssODN)配列を含む相同組換え修復(HDR)鋳型とを含むCRISPR系によって導入されており、かつ該挿入が、CD123、CD19、またはCD22の遺伝子発現をダウンレギュレートすることができる、
前記医薬。 - 前記HSPCが、内因性のCD123をコードする配列中の核酸配列内に前記挿入を含む、請求項9または10に記載の医薬。
- HSPCが、CAR-T療法より前に対象に投与されるように用いられることを特徴とする、請求項9~11のいずれか一項記載の医薬。
- HSPCが、末梢血単核細胞、臍帯血細胞、骨髄、リンパ節、および脾臓からなる群より選択される供給源から入手される自家細胞である、請求項9~12のいずれか一項記載の医薬。
- HSPCがCD34+ HSPCである、請求項9~13のいずれか一項記載の医薬。
- がんが、乳がん、前立腺がん、卵巣がん、子宮頸がん、皮膚がん、膵臓がん、大腸がん、腎臓がん、肝臓がん、脳がん、リンパ腫、白血病、肺がん、およびそれらの任意の組み合わせからなる群より選択される、請求項9記載の医薬。
- がんが、白血病である、請求項9記載の医薬。
- がんが、急性骨髄性白血病(AML)である、請求項9記載の医薬。
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PH12018500965A1 (en) | 2018-11-12 |
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SG11201803701YA (en) | 2018-06-28 |
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CA3004053A1 (en) | 2017-05-11 |
US20180250339A1 (en) | 2018-09-06 |
WO2017079400A1 (en) | 2017-05-11 |
CL2018001198A1 (es) | 2018-09-21 |
AU2024200000A1 (en) | 2024-03-21 |
IL259084A (en) | 2018-06-28 |
EP3370741A1 (en) | 2018-09-12 |
JP2018533625A (ja) | 2018-11-15 |
JP6866385B2 (ja) | 2021-04-28 |
US10548922B2 (en) | 2020-02-04 |
AU2016349280B2 (en) | 2023-10-05 |
EP3370741A4 (en) | 2019-04-24 |
KR20180073679A (ko) | 2018-07-02 |
JP2023115069A (ja) | 2023-08-18 |
BR112018009098A2 (pt) | 2018-11-06 |
MY185961A (en) | 2021-06-14 |
HK1259151A1 (zh) | 2019-11-29 |
BR112018009098A8 (pt) | 2019-02-26 |
JP2021106595A (ja) | 2021-07-29 |
EA201891092A1 (ru) | 2018-10-31 |
SG10202107602XA (en) | 2021-08-30 |
US20240066064A1 (en) | 2024-02-29 |
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