JP7366748B2 - インビボ薬物送達デバイスおよび薬物送達のための方法 - Google Patents

インビボ薬物送達デバイスおよび薬物送達のための方法 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
JP7366748B2
JP7366748B2 JP2019541727A JP2019541727A JP7366748B2 JP 7366748 B2 JP7366748 B2 JP 7366748B2 JP 2019541727 A JP2019541727 A JP 2019541727A JP 2019541727 A JP2019541727 A JP 2019541727A JP 7366748 B2 JP7366748 B2 JP 7366748B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
drug
drug delivery
release
plug
delivery device
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
JP2019541727A
Other languages
English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JP2020505993A (ja
JP2020505993A5 (enExample
Inventor
リー,ヒジン
アバーテ,エミリー
ホッキング,サラ
ギーシング,デニス
Original Assignee
タリス バイオメディカル エルエルシー
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by タリス バイオメディカル エルエルシー filed Critical タリス バイオメディカル エルエルシー
Publication of JP2020505993A publication Critical patent/JP2020505993A/ja
Publication of JP2020505993A5 publication Critical patent/JP2020505993A5/ja
Priority to JP2023176139A priority Critical patent/JP7789045B2/ja
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP7366748B2 publication Critical patent/JP7366748B2/ja
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M31/00Devices for introducing or retaining media, e.g. remedies, in cavities of the body
    • A61M31/002Devices for releasing a drug at a continuous and controlled rate for a prolonged period of time
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M31/00Devices for introducing or retaining media, e.g. remedies, in cavities of the body
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/0002Galenical forms characterised by the drug release technique; Application systems commanded by energy
    • A61K9/0004Osmotic delivery systems; Sustained release driven by osmosis, thermal energy or gas
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/0012Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
    • A61K9/0034Urogenital system, e.g. vagina, uterus, cervix, penis, scrotum, urethra, bladder; Personal lubricants
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M25/00Catheters; Hollow probes
    • A61M25/0017Catheters; Hollow probes specially adapted for long-term hygiene care, e.g. urethral or indwelling catheters to prevent infections
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M25/00Catheters; Hollow probes
    • A61M25/0043Catheters; Hollow probes characterised by structural features
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M37/00Other apparatus for introducing media into the body; Percutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin
    • A61M37/0069Devices for implanting pellets, e.g. markers or solid medicaments
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M25/00Catheters; Hollow probes
    • A61M25/0043Catheters; Hollow probes characterised by structural features
    • A61M2025/0057Catheters delivering medicament other than through a conventional lumen, e.g. porous walls or hydrogel coatings
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2205/00General characteristics of the apparatus
    • A61M2205/02General characteristics of the apparatus characterised by a particular materials
    • A61M2205/0216Materials providing elastic properties, e.g. for facilitating deformation and avoid breaking
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2205/00General characteristics of the apparatus
    • A61M2205/04General characteristics of the apparatus implanted
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2210/00Anatomical parts of the body
    • A61M2210/10Trunk
    • A61M2210/1078Urinary tract
    • A61M2210/1085Bladder

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Anesthesiology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
  • Gynecology & Obstetrics (AREA)
  • Reproductive Health (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • Dermatology (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Infusion, Injection, And Reservoir Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
  • Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
JP2019541727A 2017-02-01 2018-02-01 インビボ薬物送達デバイスおよび薬物送達のための方法 Active JP7366748B2 (ja)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2023176139A JP7789045B2 (ja) 2017-02-01 2023-10-11 インビボ薬物送達デバイスおよび薬物送達のための方法

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201762453333P 2017-02-01 2017-02-01
US62/453,333 2017-02-01
US201762480744P 2017-04-03 2017-04-03
US62/480,744 2017-04-03
PCT/US2018/016463 WO2018144738A1 (en) 2017-02-01 2018-02-01 In vivo drug delivery devices and methods for drug delivery

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP2023176139A Division JP7789045B2 (ja) 2017-02-01 2023-10-11 インビボ薬物送達デバイスおよび薬物送達のための方法

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
JP2020505993A JP2020505993A (ja) 2020-02-27
JP2020505993A5 JP2020505993A5 (enExample) 2021-03-11
JP7366748B2 true JP7366748B2 (ja) 2023-10-23

Family

ID=61231348

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP2019541727A Active JP7366748B2 (ja) 2017-02-01 2018-02-01 インビボ薬物送達デバイスおよび薬物送達のための方法

Country Status (23)

Country Link
US (3) US11020575B2 (enExample)
EP (1) EP3432970B1 (enExample)
JP (1) JP7366748B2 (enExample)
KR (1) KR102564771B1 (enExample)
CN (1) CN110418658A (enExample)
AU (2) AU2018217094B2 (enExample)
CA (1) CA3052148A1 (enExample)
CY (1) CY1124192T1 (enExample)
DK (1) DK3432970T3 (enExample)
ES (1) ES2873084T3 (enExample)
HR (1) HRP20210571T1 (enExample)
HU (1) HUE054587T2 (enExample)
IL (1) IL268385B (enExample)
LT (1) LT3432970T (enExample)
MX (2) MX2019009080A (enExample)
PL (1) PL3432970T3 (enExample)
PT (1) PT3432970T (enExample)
RS (1) RS62459B1 (enExample)
RU (1) RU2759868C2 (enExample)
SG (1) SG11201907033SA (enExample)
SI (1) SI3432970T1 (enExample)
SM (1) SMT202100310T1 (enExample)
WO (1) WO2018144738A1 (enExample)

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU2019234675A1 (en) * 2018-03-13 2020-10-01 Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated Implantation devices, system, and methods
CA3107461A1 (en) * 2018-08-01 2020-02-06 Taris Biomedical Llc Methods of treating overactive bladder using trospium
CN109765118B (zh) * 2018-12-22 2021-09-17 临沂协润工贸有限公司 一种纺织品韧性测试仪
KR20220146361A (ko) * 2021-04-23 2022-11-01 김승범 과민성 방광 치료 장치
CN113274624B (zh) * 2021-07-06 2023-05-12 中南大学湘雅医院 一种可视化尿道扩张术后治疗仪
MX2024007818A (es) 2021-12-21 2024-09-06 Taris Biomedical Llc Catéter de colocación urinario para dispositivos intravesicales.
CN119072311A (zh) 2022-02-18 2024-12-03 塔里斯生物医药公司 用于膀胱内施用的厄达替尼制剂和渗透系统
WO2024092159A1 (en) 2022-10-28 2024-05-02 Taris Biomedical Llc Methods of treating bladder cancer with gemcitabine
WO2024173716A1 (en) 2023-02-17 2024-08-22 Taris Biomedical Llc Erdafitinib for intravesical administration for use in the treatment of bladder cancer
WO2024215682A1 (en) 2023-04-10 2024-10-17 Taris Biomedical Llc Gemcitabine for use in methods of treating high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer unresponsive to bacillus calmette-guerin therapy
WO2025076007A1 (en) 2023-10-02 2025-04-10 Taris Biomedical Llc Methods of treating high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer unresponsive to bacillus calmette-guérin therapy

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2013504584A (ja) 2009-09-10 2013-02-07 タリス バイオメディカル,インコーポレイテッド 薬物を制御送達するための植込み型装置
JP2016513731A (ja) 2013-03-15 2016-05-16 タリス バイオメディカル エルエルシー 薬物送達のための薬物送達装置及び方法
JP2016532505A (ja) 2013-08-19 2016-10-20 タリス バイオメディカル エルエルシー 多ユニット薬物送達デバイス及び方法

Family Cites Families (35)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4210139A (en) 1979-01-17 1980-07-01 Alza Corporation Osmotic device with compartment for governing concentration of agent dispensed from device
US4657536A (en) 1979-04-13 1987-04-14 Regents Of The University Of Minnesota Check valve catheter
US5340590A (en) 1987-06-25 1994-08-23 Alza Corporation Delivery system with bilayer osmotic engine
US5456679A (en) 1992-02-18 1995-10-10 Alza Corporation Delivery devices with pulsatile effect
US5221278A (en) 1992-03-12 1993-06-22 Alza Corporation Osmotically driven delivery device with expandable orifice for pulsatile delivery effect
PT621032E (pt) 1993-04-23 2001-01-31 Novartis Ag Dispositivo de distribuicao de libertacao controlada de farmaco
ZA981610B (en) * 1997-03-24 1999-08-26 Alza Corp Self adjustable exit port.
US6436091B1 (en) * 1999-11-16 2002-08-20 Microsolutions, Inc. Methods and implantable devices and systems for long term delivery of a pharmaceutical agent
US8740973B2 (en) * 2001-10-26 2014-06-03 Icon Medical Corp. Polymer biodegradable medical device
EP1613389B8 (en) 2003-03-31 2008-05-07 Intarcia Therapeutics, Inc. Osmotic pump with means for dissipating internal pressure
BRPI0414941A (pt) 2003-09-30 2006-11-07 Alza Corp dispositivo de distribuição de agente ativo acionado osmoticamente proporcionando um perfil de liberação ascendente
US7455688B2 (en) * 2004-11-12 2008-11-25 Con Interventional Systems, Inc. Ostial stent
DK1933810T3 (da) 2005-08-11 2013-01-28 Childrens Medical Center Intravesikal lægemiddelafgivelsesindretning og fremgangsmåde
US20100003297A1 (en) * 2005-08-11 2010-01-07 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Implantable Drug Delivery Device and Methods of Treating Male Genitourinary and Surrounding Tissues
MX2009001114A (es) 2006-08-09 2009-02-10 Intarcia Therapeutics Inc Sistemas de suministro osmotico y ensambles de piston.
DK2231254T3 (da) * 2007-12-11 2014-07-21 Massachusetts Inst Technology Implanterbar lægemiddelafgivelsesindretning
US8343516B2 (en) * 2009-06-26 2013-01-01 Taris Biomedical, Inc. Solid drug tablets for implantable drug delivery devices
US8721621B2 (en) 2009-09-10 2014-05-13 Taris Biomedical, Inc. Systems and methods for deploying devices to genitourinary sites
US8167836B2 (en) 2009-12-08 2012-05-01 Taris Biomedical, Inc. Tissue expander configured for drug delivery
US8679094B2 (en) 2009-12-17 2014-03-25 Taris Biomedical, Inc. Implantable device with intravesical tolerability and methods of treatment
US20110218488A1 (en) 2010-03-05 2011-09-08 Taris Biomedical, Inc. Systems and Methods for Implanting Devices in the Bladder and Other Genitourinary Sites
PT2600800T (pt) * 2010-08-05 2020-11-05 Taris Biomedical Llc Dispositivo de administração de drogas por stent ureteral, kit e método
US8690840B2 (en) * 2010-10-06 2014-04-08 Taris Biomedical, Inc. Time-selective bioresorbable or collapsible drug delivery systems and methods
US9457176B2 (en) 2010-10-06 2016-10-04 Taris Biomedical Llc Implantable drug delivery device with bladder retention feature
US9114111B2 (en) 2011-01-10 2015-08-25 Allergan, Inc. Methods for sustained treatment of bladder pain and irritative voiding
WO2012106714A1 (en) 2011-02-04 2012-08-09 Taris Biomedical, Inc. Implantable device for controlled release of low solubility drug
CA2872092C (en) * 2012-04-30 2021-02-16 Taris Biomedical, Inc. Methods for treatment of pelvic pain and/or comorbid conditions
US20150202161A1 (en) * 2012-08-20 2015-07-23 O-Ray Pharma, Inc. Process for manufacturing drug delivery formulations
MX379066B (es) 2012-09-18 2025-03-04 Taris Biomedical Llc Sistemas de administracion de farmaco y metodos para el tratamiento de la disfuncion miccional de la vejiga y otros trastornos del tracto urinario inferior.
JP2016508842A (ja) * 2013-03-05 2016-03-24 タリス バイオメディカル エルエルシー 装置の開口部を通じて制御された薬物放出のための薬物送達装置及び方法
US9533101B2 (en) 2013-03-14 2017-01-03 Leonard Allen Massey, JR. Multi-cycle and auto-disable syringe and method of use thereof
SG11201507294WA (en) * 2013-03-15 2015-10-29 Taris Biomedical Llc Drug delivery devices with drug-permeable component and methods
KR20160083061A (ko) * 2013-11-05 2016-07-11 타리스 바이오메디컬 엘엘씨 삼투 약물 전달 디바이스들, 키트, 및 방법들
US20170246437A1 (en) * 2014-09-12 2017-08-31 Taris Biomedical Llc pH-MODULATING DRUG DELIVERY DEVICES AND METHODS
CN104998344A (zh) * 2015-07-27 2015-10-28 肖雁冰 记忆合金硅胶宫内缓释系统

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2013504584A (ja) 2009-09-10 2013-02-07 タリス バイオメディカル,インコーポレイテッド 薬物を制御送達するための植込み型装置
JP2016513731A (ja) 2013-03-15 2016-05-16 タリス バイオメディカル エルエルシー 薬物送達のための薬物送達装置及び方法
JP2016532505A (ja) 2013-08-19 2016-10-20 タリス バイオメディカル エルエルシー 多ユニット薬物送達デバイス及び方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
MX2019009080A (es) 2019-10-15
RU2019126979A (ru) 2021-03-02
EP3432970B1 (en) 2021-03-24
IL268385B (en) 2021-02-28
RU2019126979A3 (enExample) 2021-06-03
AU2023219908B2 (en) 2025-03-13
US20190201329A1 (en) 2019-07-04
BR112019015812A2 (pt) 2020-03-31
DK3432970T3 (da) 2021-05-10
KR102564771B1 (ko) 2023-08-07
US11020575B2 (en) 2021-06-01
RU2759868C2 (ru) 2021-11-18
AU2018217094B2 (en) 2023-06-08
PT3432970T (pt) 2021-05-26
CN110418658A (zh) 2019-11-05
AU2018217094A1 (en) 2019-08-22
SG11201907033SA (en) 2019-08-27
JP2020505993A (ja) 2020-02-27
SI3432970T1 (sl) 2021-11-30
AU2023219908A1 (en) 2023-09-14
LT3432970T (lt) 2021-05-10
HRP20210571T1 (hr) 2021-09-03
MX2024006288A (es) 2024-06-11
RU2021132576A (ru) 2021-12-13
RS62459B1 (sr) 2021-11-30
CY1124192T1 (el) 2022-05-27
US20210275789A1 (en) 2021-09-09
JP2023175989A (ja) 2023-12-12
WO2018144738A1 (en) 2018-08-09
US12090292B2 (en) 2024-09-17
KR20190115035A (ko) 2019-10-10
US20240424269A1 (en) 2024-12-26
CA3052148A1 (en) 2018-08-09
HUE054587T2 (hu) 2021-09-28
EP3432970A1 (en) 2019-01-30
PL3432970T3 (pl) 2021-09-20
ES2873084T3 (es) 2021-11-03
IL268385A (en) 2019-09-26
SMT202100310T1 (it) 2021-07-12

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
JP7366748B2 (ja) インビボ薬物送達デバイスおよび薬物送達のための方法
JP6746665B2 (ja) 薬物送達のための薬物送達装置及び方法
JP7425534B2 (ja) 薬物透過性構成要素を有する薬物送達デバイス及び方法
KR20200087147A (ko) 도뇨 카테터와 함께 사용하기 위한 약물 전달 장치 및 방법
JP7789045B2 (ja) インビボ薬物送達デバイスおよび薬物送達のための方法
RU2809797C2 (ru) Способ лечения пациента с идиопатической гиперактивностью мочевого пузыря и недержанием мочи (варианты)
NZ796299A (en) In vivo drug delivery devices and methods for drug delivery
NZ796300A (en) In vivo drug delivery devices and methods for drug delivery
NZ796292A (en) In vivo drug delivery devices and methods for drug delivery
BR112019015812B1 (pt) Dispositivo de distribuição de droga

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
RD03 Notification of appointment of power of attorney

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A7423

Effective date: 20200616

RD04 Notification of resignation of power of attorney

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A7424

Effective date: 20200618

A521 Request for written amendment filed

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20210127

A621 Written request for application examination

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621

Effective date: 20210127

A977 Report on retrieval

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007

Effective date: 20210915

A131 Notification of reasons for refusal

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131

Effective date: 20210928

A601 Written request for extension of time

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A601

Effective date: 20211228

A521 Request for written amendment filed

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20220228

A131 Notification of reasons for refusal

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131

Effective date: 20220705

A601 Written request for extension of time

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A601

Effective date: 20221005

A521 Request for written amendment filed

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20221205

A131 Notification of reasons for refusal

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131

Effective date: 20230307

A521 Request for written amendment filed

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20230607

TRDD Decision of grant or rejection written
A01 Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01

Effective date: 20230912

A61 First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61

Effective date: 20231011

R150 Certificate of patent or registration of utility model

Ref document number: 7366748

Country of ref document: JP

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150