JP7349643B1 - Battery material recovery equipment - Google Patents

Battery material recovery equipment Download PDF

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JP7349643B1
JP7349643B1 JP2023054329A JP2023054329A JP7349643B1 JP 7349643 B1 JP7349643 B1 JP 7349643B1 JP 2023054329 A JP2023054329 A JP 2023054329A JP 2023054329 A JP2023054329 A JP 2023054329A JP 7349643 B1 JP7349643 B1 JP 7349643B1
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洋一 清野
登太郎 水田
信 永峰
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永信商事株式会社
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

【課題】 プラスチック容器に、電極と電解液が収納された構造を有するバッテリーから、簡略な装置を用いて、金属材料とプラスチック材料を分別して回収する装置を提供する。【解決手段】 双ロールを有する粉砕装置で、バッテリーを容器ごと破砕し、その後、より細かく粉砕できる装置で、金属材料とプラスチック材を10mm以下程度の大きさまで粉砕し、湿式で、貫通孔を有する篩と振動分別テーブルで処理することにより、電解液と水の混合物に沈降する金属材料と、浮遊するプラスチックに分別し、回収する。金属材料とプラスチック材料の分散や洗浄に用いた水は、中和剤と凝集剤を用いて処理し、処理工程で減量した分だけ水を加えて循環使用するので、電化液に含まれ有害物による、環境への負荷を、極めて少なくすることができる。【選択図】図1An object of the present invention is to provide a device that uses a simple device to separate and recover metal materials and plastic materials from a battery having a structure in which electrodes and an electrolyte are housed in a plastic container. [Solution] A crushing device with twin rolls crushes the battery along with its container, and then a device that can crush metal materials and plastic materials into smaller pieces is used to crush metal materials and plastic materials to a size of about 10 mm or less, and is wet-type and has through-holes. By processing with a sieve and a vibrating sorting table, metal materials that settle in the electrolyte and water mixture and plastics that float are separated and recovered. The water used for dispersing and cleaning metal and plastic materials is treated with a neutralizing agent and a coagulant, and water is added to compensate for the amount lost in the treatment process and recycled, eliminating harmful substances contained in the electrifying solution. The impact on the environment can be extremely reduced. [Selection diagram] Figure 1

Description

本発明は、廃棄されたバッテリーを構成する、金属材料とプラスチック材料を分別して回収する装置に関するものである。 The present invention relates to an apparatus for separating and recovering metal materials and plastic materials that constitute discarded batteries.

鉛蓄電池は、陽極に二酸化鉛、陰極に鉛、電解液に希硫酸を用いたもので、比較的重いにも関わらず、大電流の放出が可能で、メモリー効果がないなどの理由で、現在でも自動車のバッテリーとして広汎に使用されている。 Lead-acid batteries use lead dioxide for the anode, lead for the cathode, and dilute sulfuric acid for the electrolyte.Although they are relatively heavy, they are capable of discharging large currents and are currently not used because they have no memory effect. However, they are widely used as car batteries.

一方で、近年、産業廃棄物の環境への負荷が問題となり、廃棄物から材料を回収して利用する技術が多方面で開発されている。 On the other hand, in recent years, the burden of industrial waste on the environment has become a problem, and technologies for recovering and using materials from waste have been developed in many fields.

鉛蓄電池の廃棄物の処理技術として、特許文献1には、鉛化合物を含む鉛蓄電池の廃棄物を処理する方法であって、前記鉛蓄電池のスクラップを、過酸化水素を添加した亜臨界水で処理した後、塩基を添加した超臨界水または亜臨界水で処理することにより、前記スクラップ中に含まれる鉛化合物を金属鉛に還元して回収する工程を含むことを特徴とする廃棄物の処理方法が開示され、環境への負荷を低減した工程で、金属鉛が回収できるとしている。 As a technology for processing lead-acid battery waste, Patent Document 1 describes a method for processing lead-acid battery waste containing lead compounds, in which lead-acid battery scrap is treated with subcritical water to which hydrogen peroxide has been added. After the treatment, the waste is treated with supercritical water or subcritical water to which a base has been added, thereby reducing and recovering lead compounds contained in the scrap into metallic lead. The method has been disclosed, and it is said that metallic lead can be recovered in a process that reduces the burden on the environment.

しかし、ここに開示されている技術においては、超臨界水または亜臨界水を用いるので、工程が複雑で、イニシャルコスト、ランニングコストの観点で、改善の余地がある。 However, in the technique disclosed herein, since supercritical water or subcritical water is used, the process is complicated, and there is room for improvement in terms of initial cost and running cost.

また、特許文献2には、蓄電池屑から主として鉛および二酸化鉛を含む微粉状の電極活物質を分離する工程と、上記活物質と水酸化ナトリウム溶液または水酸化カリウム溶液から選ばれた濃度50ないし300g/lの強アルカリ溶液を活物質:アルカリ溶液=1:1ないし1:100の比率で混合する工程と、上記混合物を100ないし120℃の温度で反応させる工程と、反応混合物から生成物としての鉛丹の沈殿とアルカリ溶液を分離する工程からなることを特徴とする、廃鉛蓄電池から金属材料を回収するための湿式冶金法が開示されている。 Further, Patent Document 2 describes a step of separating a fine powder electrode active material containing mainly lead and lead dioxide from storage battery waste, and a step of separating the active material and a sodium hydroxide solution or a potassium hydroxide solution at a concentration of 50 to 50%. A step of mixing 300 g/l of a strong alkaline solution at a ratio of active material: alkaline solution = 1:1 to 1:100, a step of reacting the above mixture at a temperature of 100 to 120°C, and a step of producing a product from the reaction mixture. A hydrometallurgical method for recovering metal materials from waste lead-acid batteries is disclosed, which is characterized in that it consists of the steps of separating red lead precipitation and an alkaline solution.

しかし、ここに介されている技術においては、プラスチック材料の回収には、必ずしも対応しておらず、マイクロプラスチックに代表される、プラスチック廃棄物の環境への負荷の観点から、改善の余地がある。 However, the technology used here does not necessarily support the recovery of plastic materials, and there is room for improvement from the perspective of the environmental burden of plastic waste, typified by microplastics. .

特開2005-063920号公報Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2005-063920 特開昭58-48645号公報Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 58-48645

そこで、本発明の課題は、バッテリー材料の再利用に鑑み、プラスチック容器に、電極と電解液が収納された構造を有するバッテリーから、簡略な装置を用いて、金属材料とプラスチック材料を分別して回収する装置を提供することにある。 Therefore, in view of the reuse of battery materials, an object of the present invention is to use a simple device to separate and recover metal materials and plastic materials from a battery that has a structure in which electrodes and electrolyte are housed in a plastic container. The objective is to provide a device that

本発明者らは、前記課題を解決すべく、バッテリーを分解することなく、そのまま処理し、金属材料とプラチック材料を回収することを、鋭意兼用した結果、本発明をなしたものである。 In order to solve the above problem, the present inventors have made the present invention as a result of their efforts to process batteries as they are without disassembling them and to recover metal materials and plastic materials.

上記課題を解決するための、本発明の一態様に係るバッテリ-材料回収装置は、容器と前記容器に封入されて電極と電解液を有するバッテリを、30mmのメッシュを通過するまで粉砕するための、双ロールを有する第一の粉砕装置と、前記第一の粉砕装置で粉砕された、前記バッテリーに起因する、金属材料とプラスチック材料と電解液を含む第一の混合物を搬送するための、第一のスクリューフィーダーと、前記第一のスクリューフィーダーで搬送された、前記第一の混合物に含まれる金属材料とプラスチック材料を、10mmのメッシュを通過するまで粉砕するための、回転刃を有する第二の粉砕装置と、 前記第二の粉砕装置で粉砕された、金属材料とプラスチック材料と電解液を含む第二の混合物を搬送するための、第二のスクリューフィーダーと、前記第二のスクリューフィーダーで搬送される前記第二の混合物に水を加えながら、全側面に貫通孔が設けられ、内周側に螺旋形状の搬送板が設けられた、円筒形状を有する回転体内に導入し、電解液と水の混合液に沈んで、前記貫通孔を通過した金属材料を回収し、前記貫通孔を通過しなかった金属材料および前記混合液に浮遊するプラスチック材料を含む第三の混合物に分別する、回転洗浄篩装置と、前記第三の混合物に含まれる金属材料とプラスチック材料を、比重の差を利用してい分別して金属材料を回収する振動分別テーブルと、
前記振動分別テーブルから排出されるプラスチック材料と前記混合液を分別し、プラスチック材料を洗浄する、プラスチック洗浄搬送装置と、前記回転洗浄篩装置と前記振動分別テーブルと前記プラスチック洗浄搬装置から排出される前記混合液にアルカリ性物質を添加してpHを調製するpH調整槽と、pH調整槽で処理された前記混合液に凝集剤を添加して、前記混合液に分散している物質を凝集させる反応槽と、前記反応槽で凝集した固形物と液体を分離する沈殿槽と、前記反応で処理した前記混合液に所要量の水を加え、洗浄水として、前記回転洗浄篩装置と前記振動篩装置と前記プラスチック洗浄搬装置に供給する循環装置を有することを特徴とする。
In order to solve the above problems, a battery material recovery device according to one aspect of the present invention is configured to crush a battery having a container and an electrode and an electrolyte sealed in the container until it passes through a 30 mm mesh. , a first crushing device having twin rolls, and a first crushing device for conveying a first mixture comprising a metal material, a plastic material and an electrolyte, originating from the battery and crushed by the first crushing device. one screw feeder, and a second screw feeder having a rotating blade for pulverizing the metal material and plastic material contained in the first mixture conveyed by the first screw feeder until they pass through a 10 mm mesh. a second screw feeder for conveying a second mixture containing a metal material, a plastic material, and an electrolyte, which is pulverized by the second pulverizer; While adding water to the second mixture being conveyed, it is introduced into a rotating body having a cylindrical shape, which has through holes on all sides and a spiral conveying plate on the inner periphery side, and mixes it with the electrolyte. Rotation, recovering the metal material that has sunk in the water mixture and passed through the through hole, and sorting it into a third mixture containing the metal material that has not passed through the through hole and the plastic material floating in the mixture. a washing sieve device, a vibrating sorting table that separates the metal material and plastic material contained in the third mixture using the difference in specific gravity and recovers the metal material;
a plastic cleaning conveyance device that separates the plastic material discharged from the vibrating sorting table and the mixed liquid and washes the plastic material; a plastic cleaning conveyance device that separates the plastic material discharged from the vibrating sorting table and the mixed liquid; A pH adjustment tank that adjusts the pH by adding an alkaline substance to the mixed liquid, and a reaction that adds a flocculant to the mixed liquid treated in the pH adjustment tank to flocculate the substances dispersed in the mixed liquid. a settling tank that separates the solids and liquid that have coagulated in the reaction tank; a required amount of water is added to the mixed liquid treated in the reaction, and the rotating washing sieve device and the vibrating sieve device are used as washing water; and a circulation device for supplying the plastic to the plastic cleaning conveyance device.

上記課題を解決するための、本発明の一態様に係るバッテリ-材料回収装置は、容器と前記容器に封入されて電極と電解液を有するバッテリを、30mmのメッシュを通過するまで粉砕するための、双ロールを有する第一の粉砕装置と、前記第一の粉砕装置で粉砕された、前記バッテリーに起因する、金属材料とプラスチック材料と電解液を含む第一の混合物を搬送するための、第一のスクリューフィーダーと、前記第一のスクリューフィーダーで搬送された、前記第一の混合物に含まれる金属材料とプラスチック材料を、10mmのメッシュを通過するまで粉砕するための、回転刃を有する第二の粉砕装置と、 前記第二の粉砕装置で粉砕された、金属材料とプラスチック材料と電解液を含む第二の混合物を搬送するための、第二のスクリューフィーダーと、前記第二のスクリューフィーダーで搬送される前記第二の混合物に水を加えながら、全側面に貫通孔が設けられ、内周側に螺旋形状の搬送板が設けられた、円筒形状を有する回転体内に導入し、電解液と水の混合液に沈んで、前記貫通孔を通過した金属材料を回収し、前記貫通孔を通過しなかった金属材料および前記混合液に浮遊するプラスチック材料を含む第三の混合物に分別する、回転洗浄篩装置と、前記第三の混合物に含まれる金属材料とプラスチック材料を、比重の差を利用してい分別して金属材料を回収する振動分別テーブルと、前記振動分別テーブルから排出されるプラスチック材料と前記混合液を分別し、プラスチック材料を洗浄する、プラスチック洗浄搬送装置と、前記回転洗浄篩装置と前記振動分別テーブルと前記プラスチック洗浄搬装置から排出される前記混合液にアルカリ性物質を添加してpHを調製するpH調整槽と、pH調整槽で処理された前記混合液に凝集剤を添加して、前記混合液に分散している物質を凝集させる反応槽と、前記反応槽で凝集した固形物と液体を分離する沈殿槽と、前記反応で処理した前記混合液に所要量の水を加え、洗浄水として、前記回転洗浄篩装置と前記振動分別テーブルと前記プラスチック洗浄搬装置に供給する循環装置を有することを特徴とする。In order to solve the above problems, a battery material recovery device according to one aspect of the present invention is for pulverizing a battery having a container and an electrode and an electrolyte sealed in the container until it passes through a 30 mm mesh. a first crushing device having twin rolls, for conveying a first mixture comprising a metal material, a plastic material and an electrolyte, originating from the battery and crushed by the first crushing device; a first screw feeder; and a second screw feeder having a rotating blade for pulverizing the metal material and plastic material contained in the first mixture conveyed by the first screw feeder until they pass through a 10 mm mesh. a second pulverizer, a second screw feeder for conveying a second mixture containing a metal material, a plastic material, and an electrolyte, which is pulverized by the second pulverizer; and the second screw feeder. While adding water to the second mixture being conveyed, the mixture is introduced into a rotating body having a cylindrical shape, which has through holes on all sides and a spiral conveying plate on the inner circumferential side, and the electrolytic solution is Collecting the metal material that passed through the through hole by sinking in the mixed liquid of water and water, and separating it into a third mixture containing the metal material that did not pass through the through hole and the plastic material floating in the mixed liquid. A rotating washing sieve device, a vibrating sorting table that separates metal materials and plastic materials contained in the third mixture using the difference in specific gravity and recovering the metal materials, and plastic materials discharged from the vibrating sorting table. and a plastic cleaning conveyance device that separates the mixed liquid and washes plastic materials, and adds an alkaline substance to the mixed liquid discharged from the rotary cleaning sieve device, the vibrating sorting table, and the plastic cleaning conveyance device. a pH adjustment tank that adjusts the pH by adjusting the pH; a reaction tank that adds a flocculant to the mixed liquid treated in the pH adjustment tank to flocculate the substances dispersed in the mixed liquid; A settling tank for separating solids and liquids, and a required amount of water added to the mixed liquid treated in the reaction tank , and used as washing water to the rotary washing sieve device, the vibrating sorting table, and the plastic washing conveyance device. It is characterized by having a circulation device for supplying.

本発明の係るバッテリー材料回収装置は、基本的にバッテリーを容器ごと粉砕して適当な大きさの金属片とプラスチック片に分別するもので、各工程で、対象物に適した粉砕装置を用いるが、各工程間における粉砕物の搬送には、管状の部材の内部にスクリューを配した装置を用いるので、バッテリーに含まれる電解液が外部に漏出することがなく、鉛蓄電池においては、電解液に希硫酸が用いられているが、本発明に係るバッテリー材料回収装置においては、中和剤と凝集剤を用いて処理するので、環境に放出されることはない。 The battery material recovery device according to the present invention basically crushes the battery together with its container and separates it into metal pieces and plastic pieces of appropriate size.In each process, a crusher suitable for the object is used. Since a device with a screw inside a tubular member is used to transport the crushed material between each process, the electrolyte contained in the battery does not leak to the outside, and in lead-acid batteries, the electrolyte does not leak. Although dilute sulfuric acid is used, in the battery material recovery device according to the present invention, the treatment is performed using a neutralizing agent and a flocculant, so that it is not released into the environment.

また、本発明に係るバッテリー材料回収装置において、金属とプラスチックの分別には、金属は水に沈み、プラスチックは水中に浮遊するという、比重の差を利用するので、高い効率で、金属とプラスチックの分別回収が可能となる。 Furthermore, in the battery material recovery device according to the present invention, metals and plastics are separated using the difference in specific gravity, where metals sink in water and plastics float in water, so metals and plastics can be separated with high efficiency. Separate collection becomes possible.

本発明に係るバッテリー材料回収装置の、構成の一例を示す図 A diagram showing an example of the configuration of a battery material recovery device according to the present invention. 本発明に係るバッテリー材料回収装置に用いられる、第一の粉砕装置の一例を示す図、図2(a)は正面の断面図、図2(b)は、側面図 Diagrams showing an example of the first crushing device used in the battery material recovery device according to the present invention, FIG. 2(a) is a front sectional view, and FIG. 2(b) is a side view. 本発明に係るバッテリー材料回収装置に用いられる、第二の粉砕装置2の一例を示す図、図3(a)は正面の断面図、図3(b)は、側面図 Diagrams showing an example of the second crushing device 2 used in the battery material recovery device according to the present invention, FIG. 3(a) is a front sectional view, and FIG. 3(b) is a side view. 本発明に係るバッテリー材料回収装置に用いられる、回転洗浄篩装置6の一例の断面図 A sectional view of an example of a rotary cleaning sieve device 6 used in the battery material recovery device according to the present invention 本発明に係るバッテリー材料回収装置に用いられる、振動分別テーブル7の一例を示す図、図7(a)は平面図、図7(b)は側面図 Diagrams showing an example of the vibration sorting table 7 used in the battery material recovery device according to the present invention, FIG. 7(a) is a plan view, and FIG. 7(b) is a side view. 本発明に係るバッテリー材料回収装置に用いられる、プラスチック洗浄搬送装置9の一例を示す図 A diagram showing an example of a plastic cleaning conveyance device 9 used in the battery material recovery device according to the present invention.

次に本発明に係るバッテリー材料回収装置の実施の形態について、図を参照しながら説明する。 Next, an embodiment of a battery material recovery device according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

図1は、本発明に係るバッテリー材料回収装置の、構成の一例を示す図である。図1において、1は、処理の対象となるバッテリーを搬送して、第一の粉砕装置2に投入するためのコンベア、は、第一の粉砕装置2で粉砕したバッテリーから生じる金属材料、プラスチック材料、電解液を含む第一の混合物を、第二の粉砕装置4に搬送するための、第一のスクリューフィーダーであり、このスクリューフィーダーは。管状の部材の内部にスクリューを配した構成なので、外部に電解液が漏出しないのは前記のとおりである。 FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a battery material recovery device according to the present invention. In FIG. 1, 1 is a conveyor for transporting batteries to be processed and inputted into the first crushing device 2, and metal materials and plastic materials generated from the batteries crushed by the first crushing device 2. , a first screw feeder for conveying the first mixture containing the electrolytic solution to the second crushing device 4; As described above, since the screw is disposed inside the tubular member, the electrolyte does not leak to the outside.

第二の粉砕装置4により、金属材料とプラスチック材料がさらに粉砕された第二の混合物は、水が加えられながら回転洗浄篩装置6に供給され、比重の差と、個片の大きさの差により、金属材料の一部が分離され、分離されなかった金属材料とプラスチック材料を含む第三の混合物は、振動分別テーブル7に供給される。水と電解液の混合液に分散したプラスチック材料の個片は、第三のスクリューフィーダー8により、プラスチック洗浄搬送装置9に供給され、プラスチック材料の個片のみが分離回収される。 The second mixture, in which the metal material and the plastic material are further crushed by the second crushing device 4, is supplied to the rotary washing sieve device 6 while water is added thereto, and the difference in specific gravity and the size of the individual pieces are detected. As a result, a portion of the metal material is separated, and a third mixture containing the metal material and the plastic material that has not been separated is supplied to the vibrating sorting table 7. The pieces of plastic material dispersed in the mixed solution of water and electrolyte are supplied to the plastic cleaning and conveying device 9 by the third screw feeder 8, and only the pieces of plastic material are separated and recovered.

また、本発明に係るバッテリー材料回収装置においては、金属材料とプラスチック材料を分別・洗浄する工程で水を使用するが、回転洗浄篩装置6と振動分別テーブル7とプラスチック洗浄搬送装置9から排出される電解液と水の混合液は、図中の破線で示した回収管14で、pH調整槽10に集められて中和剤が添加され、次いで反応槽11に送液されて凝集剤が加えられ、さらに固液分離層12で、凝集剤により生成した個体を分離する。ここまでの固液分離などの工程で、洗浄液にロスが生じるので、循環槽13で、給水管16から適量の水が加えられ、図中の波線で示した洗浄水給水管15により、各工程に供給される。従って洗浄液が外部に漏出することはない。 In addition, in the battery material recovery device according to the present invention, water is used in the process of separating and washing metal materials and plastic materials, but water is discharged from the rotary washing sieve device 6, the vibrating sorting table 7, and the plastic washing conveyance device 9. The mixed solution of electrolyte and water is collected in a pH adjustment tank 10 through a collection pipe 14 indicated by a broken line in the figure, where a neutralizing agent is added, and then sent to a reaction tank 11 where a flocculant is added. The solids produced by the flocculant are further separated in the solid-liquid separation layer 12. In the processes such as solid-liquid separation up to this point, losses occur in the cleaning liquid, so an appropriate amount of water is added to the circulation tank 13 from the water supply pipe 16, and the cleaning water supply pipe 15 shown by the broken line in the figure is used for each process. is supplied to Therefore, the cleaning liquid will not leak outside.

図2は、本発明に係るバッテリー材料回収装置に用いられる、第一の粉砕装置2の一例を示す図で、図2(a)は正面の断面図、図2(b)は、側面図である。ここに示した例は、筐体21にバッテリーの投入口22が設けられ、直径が150~200mmの双ロール23を有する構成を備えているので、バッテリーを分解しないで、第一の粉砕装置に投入しても、ロールの強力な圧壊作用により、バッテリーをプラスチックの容器ごと粉砕して、30mmのメッシュを通過する大きさにすることが可能である。粉砕されたバッテリーから生じる金属材料、プラスチック材料、電解液は、派出口24から排出され、搬送管に中にスクリューを配した第一のスクリューフィーダー3により、第二の粉砕装置4に搬送される。 FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of the first crushing device 2 used in the battery material recovery device according to the present invention, FIG. 2(a) is a front sectional view, and FIG. 2(b) is a side view. be. In the example shown here, the battery inlet 22 is provided in the housing 21, and the battery is equipped with twin rolls 23 with a diameter of 150 to 200 mm, so the battery can be transferred to the first crushing device without disassembling it. Even when the battery is thrown in, the powerful crushing action of the rolls can crush the battery along with the plastic container to a size that can pass through a 30 mm mesh. Metal materials, plastic materials, and electrolyte produced from the crushed battery are discharged from the outlet 24 and conveyed to the second crushing device 4 by a first screw feeder 3 having a screw disposed in a conveying pipe. .

図3は、本発明に係るバッテリー材料回収装置に用いられる、第二の粉砕装置2の一例を示す図で、図3(a)は正面の断面図、図3(b)は、側面図である。第二の粉砕装置は、略円筒形の筐体31の内部に回転刃33が配された構成で、筐体には、外部に連通する、直径が約10mmの貫通孔34が設けられているので、第一のスクリューフィーダー3から供給された、金属材料、プラスチック材料は、それらの個片が貫通孔を通過する大きさになるまで粉砕され、電解液とともに、第二のスクリューフィーダーで、回転洗浄篩装置6に搬送される。 FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of the second crushing device 2 used in the battery material recovery device according to the present invention. FIG. 3(a) is a front sectional view, and FIG. 3(b) is a side view. be. The second crushing device has a configuration in which a rotating blade 33 is arranged inside a substantially cylindrical housing 31, and the housing is provided with a through hole 34 having a diameter of about 10 mm and communicating with the outside. Therefore, the metal and plastic materials supplied from the first screw feeder 3 are crushed until the individual pieces are large enough to pass through the through hole, and then rotated together with the electrolyte in the second screw feeder. It is transported to the washing sieve device 6.

図4は、本発明に係るバッテリー材料回収装置に用いられる、回転洗浄篩装置6の一例の断面図である。ここに示したように、本装置は内部に螺旋形状の搬送羽43が設けられた円筒形状の回転体42で構成され、説明の都合で一部のみ示したが、円筒の側面には、略前面に亘って、直径が約10mmの貫通孔44が設けられている。第二のスクリューフィーダー5で搬送された第三の混合物は、水を加えながら投入口41から回転体42に供給され、搬送羽43により、図における右方向に搬送される。 FIG. 4 is a sectional view of an example of the rotary washing sieve device 6 used in the battery material recovery device according to the present invention. As shown here, this device is composed of a cylindrical rotating body 42 provided with spiral conveyor blades 43 inside, and although only a portion is shown for convenience of explanation, there are approximately A through hole 44 with a diameter of about 10 mm is provided across the front surface. The third mixture transported by the second screw feeder 5 is supplied to the rotating body 42 from the input port 41 while adding water, and is transported rightward in the figure by the transport blades 43.

搬送される間、金属材料の個片が、水を加えた電解液に分散した状態では沈降するので、貫通孔44を通過して、回転体42の下部に配された回収槽45を経由して、金属材料回収槽46bに貯留される。水を加えた電解液から沈降しきれなかった、金属材料の個片が残った状態の第三の混合液は、排出部46aから、振動分別テーブル7に搬送される。 While being transported, individual pieces of metal material that are dispersed in an electrolytic solution containing water will settle, so they will pass through the through hole 44 and pass through the collection tank 45 located at the bottom of the rotating body 42. The metal material is stored in the metal material recovery tank 46b. The third mixed liquid, in which individual pieces of metal material remain that have not completely settled out of the electrolyte to which water has been added, is conveyed to the vibrating sorting table 7 from the discharge section 46a.

図5は、本発明に係るバッテリー材料回収装置に用いられる、振動分別テーブル7の一例を示す図で、図7(a)は平面図、図7(b)は側面図である。給水口53bから注水される水とともに、液体供給口53aから、金属材料ん個片とプラスチック材料の個片が含まれる第三の混合物が供給され、起振機52によりテーブル全体が振動すると、液中の浮遊するプラスチック材料の個片は浮上し、金属材料の個片は沈降する。浮上したプラスチック材料の個片は、プラスチック材料排出口54から分別回収され、第三のスクリューフィーダー8により、プラスチック洗浄搬送装置9に搬送され、沈降した金属材料の個片は、振動により、図の右側に移動して、金属材料回収槽55に回収される。 FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of the vibration sorting table 7 used in the battery material recovery device according to the present invention, with FIG. 7(a) being a plan view and FIG. 7(b) being a side view. Along with the water injected from the water supply port 53b, a third mixture containing individual pieces of metal material and individual pieces of plastic material is supplied from the liquid supply port 53a, and when the entire table is vibrated by the vibrator 52, the liquid is The floating pieces of plastic material inside float to the surface, and the pieces of metal material sink. The floating individual pieces of plastic material are collected separately from the plastic material discharge port 54 and conveyed to the plastic cleaning conveyance device 9 by the third screw feeder 8, and the individual pieces of the metal material that have settled down are caused by vibration as shown in the figure. It moves to the right side and is collected in the metal material collection tank 55.

図6は、本発明に係るバッテリー材料回収装置に用いられる、プラスチック洗浄搬送装置9の一例を示す図である。投入口61から投入されたプラスチック材料の個片は、コンベア62に載置され、図における右側に移動しながら、洗浄水給水管63aを経由して、散水ノズル63bから、注がれる洗浄水により洗浄され、プラスチック材料排出口64を経てプラスチック材料回収槽65に貯留される。また使用済みの洗浄水は、排水口63cから排出され、pH調整槽10に供給され、循環される。 FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of the plastic cleaning and conveying device 9 used in the battery material recovery device according to the present invention. The individual pieces of plastic material inputted from the input port 61 are placed on the conveyor 62, and while moving to the right in the figure, are washed by the cleaning water poured from the watering nozzle 63b via the cleaning water supply pipe 63a. The plastic material is washed and stored in a plastic material recovery tank 65 via a plastic material discharge port 64. Further, the used washing water is discharged from the drain port 63c, supplied to the pH adjustment tank 10, and circulated.

以上に説明したように、本発明によれば、前処理することなく、バッテリーを容器ごと投入して、有用な材料を回収でき、しかも環境への負荷が小さい、バッテリー材料回収装置を提供することができる。なお、本発明は、前記実施の形態に限定されるものではなく、本発明の分野における通常の知識を有する者であれば想到し得る、各種変形、修正を含む、本発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲の設計変更があっても、本発明に含まれることは勿論である。 As explained above, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a battery material recovery device that can collect useful materials by putting batteries together in a container without pretreatment, and that has a small burden on the environment. Can be done. It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and includes various modifications and modifications that can be conceived by a person having ordinary knowledge in the field of the present invention without departing from the gist of the present invention. Even if there is a design change in the range, it is of course included in the present invention.

1,62・・・コンベア 2・・・第一の粉砕装置
3・・・第一のスクリューフィーダー 4・・・第二の粉砕装置
5・・・第二のスクリューフィーダー 6・・・回転洗浄篩装置
7・・・振動分別テーブル 8・・・第三のスクリューフィーダー
9・・・プラスチック洗浄搬送装置 10・・・pH調整槽
11・・・反応槽 12・・・固液分離層
13・・・循環槽 14・・・回収管
15,63a・・・洗浄水給水管 16,63a・・・給水管
21,31・・・筐体 22,32,41,61・・・投入口
33・・・回転刃 34,44・・・貫通孔
42・・・回転体 45・・・回収槽
46b,55・・・金属材料回収槽 53a・・・液体供給口
53b・・・給水口 54・・・プラスチック材料排出口
63b・・・散水ノズル 64・・・プラスチック材料排出口
65・・・プラスチック材料回収槽
1,62...Conveyor 2...First crushing device 3...First screw feeder 4...Second crushing device 5...Second screw feeder 6...Rotary cleaning sieve Device 7... Vibration sorting table 8... Third screw feeder 9... Plastic cleaning conveyance device 10... pH adjustment tank 11... Reaction tank 12... Solid-liquid separation layer 13... Circulation tank 14... Recovery pipe 15, 63a... Washing water supply pipe 16, 63a... Water supply pipe 21, 31... Housing 22, 32, 41, 61... Inlet port 33... Rotating blade 34, 44... Through hole 42... Rotating body 45... Recovery tank 46b, 55... Metal material recovery tank 53a... Liquid supply port 53b... Water supply port 54... Plastic Material discharge port 63b...Water nozzle 64...Plastic material discharge port 65...Plastic material recovery tank

Claims (2)

容器と前記容器に封入されて電極と電解液を有するバッテリを、30mmのメッシュを通過するまで粉砕するための、双ロールを有する第一の粉砕装置と、
前記第一の粉砕装置で粉砕された、前記バッテリーに起因する、金属材料とプラスチック材料と電解液を含む第一の混合物を搬送するための、第一のスクリューフィーダーと、
前記第一のスクリューフィーダーで搬送された、前記第一の混合物に含まれる金属材料とプラスチック材料を、10mmのメッシュを通過するまで粉砕するための、回転刃を有する第二の粉砕装置と、
前記第二の粉砕装置で粉砕された、金属材料とプラスチック材料と電解液を含む第二の混合物を搬送するための、第二のスクリューフィーダーと、
前記第二のスクリューフィーダーで搬送される前記第二の混合物に水を加えながら、全側面に貫通孔が設けられ、内周側に螺旋形状の搬送板が設けられた、円筒形状を有する回転体内に導入し、電解液と水の混合液に沈んで、前記貫通孔を通過した金属材料を回収し、前記貫通孔を通過しなかった金属材料および電解液に水を加えた混合液に浮遊するプラスチック材料を含む第三の混合物に分別する、回転洗浄篩装置と、
前記第三の混合物に含まれる金属材料とプラスチック材料を、比重の差を利用してい分別して金属材料を回収する振動分別テーブルと、
前記振動分別テーブルから排出されるプラスチック材料、とプラスチック材料が分散している前記混合液を分別し、プラスチック材料を洗浄する、プラスチック洗浄搬送装置と、
前記回転洗浄篩装置と前記振動分別テーブルと前記プラスチック洗浄搬装置から排出される前記混合液にアルカリ性物質を添加してpHを調製するpH調整槽と、pH調整槽で処理された前記混合液に凝集剤を添加して、前記混合液に分散している物質を凝集させる反応槽と、前記反応槽で凝集した固形物と液体を分離する沈殿槽と、前記反応で処理した前記混合液に所要量の水を加え、洗浄水として、前記回転洗浄篩装置と前記振動分別テーブルと前記プラスチック洗浄搬装置に供給する循環装置を有することを特徴とする、バッテリ-材料回収装置。
a first crushing device having twin rolls for crushing a container and a battery enclosed in the container and having electrodes and an electrolyte until it passes through a 30 mm mesh;
a first screw feeder for conveying a first mixture containing a metal material, a plastic material, and an electrolyte originating from the battery and pulverized by the first pulverizer;
a second crushing device having a rotating blade for crushing the metal material and plastic material contained in the first mixture conveyed by the first screw feeder until they pass through a 10 mm mesh;
a second screw feeder for conveying a second mixture containing a metal material, a plastic material, and an electrolyte, which is pulverized by the second pulverizer;
While adding water to the second mixture conveyed by the second screw feeder, a rotating body having a cylindrical shape, which has through holes on all sides and a spiral conveying plate on the inner circumference side, The metal material that has passed through the through hole and sunk in a mixture of electrolyte and water is recovered, and the metal material that has not passed through the through hole and the metal material that has passed through the through hole are suspended in a mixture of electrolyte and water. a rotary washing sieve device for separating into a third mixture containing plastic material;
a vibrating sorting table that separates the metal material and plastic material contained in the third mixture using the difference in specific gravity and recovers the metal material;
a plastic cleaning conveyance device that separates the plastic material discharged from the vibrating sorting table and the mixed liquid in which the plastic material is dispersed, and cleans the plastic material;
a pH adjustment tank for adjusting the pH by adding an alkaline substance to the mixed liquid discharged from the rotary washing sieve device, the vibrating sorting table, and the plastic washing conveyance device; and the mixed liquid treated in the pH adjusting tank. a reaction tank for adding a flocculant to flocculate the substances dispersed in the mixed liquid; a settling tank for separating solids and liquid that have flocculated in the reaction tank; and a settling tank for separating the liquid from the solids flocculated in the reaction tank, and the mixed liquid treated in the reaction tank . An apparatus for recovering battery materials, comprising a circulation device for adding a required amount of water to the washing water and supplying the washing water to the rotary washing sieve device, the vibrating sorting table , and the plastic washing conveyance device.
前記凝集剤は、成分として、硫酸カルシウム、硫酸アルミニウム、炭酸ナトリウム、シリカ、酸化第二鉄を含むことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のバッテリー材料回収装置。 The battery material recovery device according to claim 1, wherein the flocculant contains calcium sulfate, aluminum sulfate, sodium carbonate, silica, and ferric oxide as components.
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