JP7312771B2 - 炭化水素を解析する方法、2つの石油留分を比較する方法、炭化水素中の所定の炭化水素をアッセイする方法、水中の所定の炭化水素をアッセイする方法、及び自律移動体 - Google Patents
炭化水素を解析する方法、2つの石油留分を比較する方法、炭化水素中の所定の炭化水素をアッセイする方法、水中の所定の炭化水素をアッセイする方法、及び自律移動体 Download PDFInfo
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Description
・PFPD(パルスド炎光光度検出器;Pulse Flame Photonic Detector):硫黄またはリンを含む物質に対して非常に高感度だが、汎用的ではなく、水素の使用を伴い、試料を破壊する。
・HID(ヘリウムイオン化検出器;Helium Ionisation Detector):検出限界がppmオーダーの汎用検出器であり、分析物の質量に高感度だが、放射線源が必要であり、ヘリウムの大量消費を伴う。また、この検出器の他の欠点として、試料の一部が破壊される。
・NEMS(ナノ電気機械システム;Nano-Electro-Mechanical-System):NEMS型の検出器は、共振器に設けられた機能層への分析物の吸着または脱着の影響下で、共振器の共振周波数の変化に基づく質量測定を可能とする。この検出器は、炭素数1~40個の幅広い分子(炭素鎖に限定されない)に対して優れた感度(ppm未満)を有する。試料に対して非破壊的であるため、別の検出器と直列に連結することができる。さらに、この検出器は、感度に大きな影響を与えることなく不活性キャリアガス(ヘリウム、アルゴン、窒素)の互換性があり、(HIDとは異なり)水素と適合性がある。一方、軽化合物(炭素数1~6)に対しては感度が高くない。
第1の制御温度プロファイルに従ってガスクロマトグラフィ分離を行い、炭化水素を含有する試料を複数の分析物に分離する工程と、
共振周波数で振動するように作られた機能層で被覆されたナノ電気機械システム(NEMS)型の少なくとも1つの共振器の共振周波数の変化を、機能層による分析物の吸着または脱着の影響下で測定することで、分析物のうち少なくとも1つを検出する工程と、を含み、
共振器は、第1の制御温度プロファイルより低い第2の制御温度プロファイルに曝されることを特徴とする方法が提供される。
分析システムは、
第1の温度調節チャンバーに配置されたガスクロマトグラフィカラムと、
ガスクロマトグラフィカラムの出口側の流路に配置されたナノ電気機械システム(NEMS)型の共振器であって、第2の温度調節チャンバーに配置された機能層を含む共振器と、
共振器を共振周波数で振動させ、機能層による分析物の吸着または脱着の影響下で共振周波数の変化を測定するのに適した読み取り装置と、を含み、
第1の温度調節チャンバー及び第2の温度調節チャンバーは、互いに熱的に分離し、各チャンバーは、温度調節ユニットを含み、温度調節ユニットは、異なる温度プロファイルに従って、各チャンバーの温度を変化させるように構成されたものである掘削器具または自律移動体に関する。
一実施形態によれば、NEMS共振器を被覆する機能層は無極性相である。ガスクロマトグラフィカラムの出口に配置されたこのような共振器により、分子レベルで、かつ再現可能な方法で、ガス状または液体状態の石油流体の組成を定性的および定量的観点から同定することができる。
一実施形態によれば、NEMS共振器を被覆する機能層は無極性相である。ガスクロマトグラフィカラムの出口に配置され、抽出/予備濃縮システムに接続されたこのような共振器により、分子レベルで、かつ再現可能な方法で、水中のあらゆるタイプの炭化水素の組成を同定することができる。
NEMS共振器を被覆する機能層が無極性相であっても極性相であっても、ガスクロマトグラフィカラムの出口に配置された共振器により、石油流体中のあらゆるタイプの天然または合成トレーサを検出し、このトレーサを選択的に追跡することができる。
Claims (20)
- 炭化水素を解析する方法であって、
第1の制御温度プロファイルに従ってガスクロマトグラフィ分離を行い、試料を複数の分析物に分離する工程と、
共振周波数で振動するように作られた機能層で被覆されたナノ電気機械システム(NEMS)型の少なくとも1つの共振器の共振周波数の変化を、前記機能層による前記分析物の吸着または脱着の影響下で測定することで、前記分析物のうち少なくとも1つを検出する工程と、を含み、
前記共振器は、前記第1の制御温度プロファイルより低い第2の制御温度プロファイルに曝されることを特徴とする方法。 - 前記第1の制御温度プロファイルと前記第2の制御温度プロファイルの温度差は、5~150℃である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の制御温度プロファイルの温度は、50~400℃の間で展開する、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 前記第2の制御温度プロファイルの温度は、0~350℃の間で展開する、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記分析物のうち少なくとも1つを検出する工程は、前記共振器の共振振幅の変化を測定することをさらに含む、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記試料は、16~40個の炭素原子を有する炭素鎖を含む、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記共振器は、温度調節されたチャンバーに封入され、前記チャンバーは、制御された方法で前記チャンバーの温度を変化させるように構成された温度調節ユニットを含む、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記共振器が封入された前記チャンバーから熱的に分離されたチャンバーにクロマトグラフィカラムが封入される、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記共振器と同じ流路に配置されたカサロメータにより、少なくとも1つの前記分析物を分析することをさらに含む、請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記共振器の応答のベースラインから、同じ温度プロファイルで流体循環がない状態で予め測定された前記共振器のブランク応答のベースラインを減算する処理を行うことを含む、請求項1~9のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 参照共振器である少なくとも1つの第2の共振器の共振周波数の変化を、同じ温度プロファイルで前記分析物に曝さずに測定し、前記分析物に曝された前記共振器の応答信号から前記参照共振器の応答信号を減算する処理を行うことをさらに含む、請求項1~9のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記分析物の分子組成は、前記共振器の共振周波数の変化の測定から推定される、請求項1~11のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記分析物の流体特性は、前記共振器の共振振幅の変化の測定からさらに推定される、請求項5と組み合わされる請求項12に記載の方法。
- 2つの石油留分を比較する方法であって、
請求項1~13のいずれか一項に記載の方法を実行することで、前記石油留分のそれぞれの組成を解析することを含む方法。 - 炭化水素中の所定の炭化水素をアッセイする方法であって、
請求項1~13のいずれか一項に記載の方法を実行することで、前記炭化水素の試料中の前記炭化水素を検出することを含む方法。 - 水中の所定の炭化水素をアッセイする方法であって、
請求項1~13のいずれか一項に記載の方法を実行することで、前記水の試料中の前記炭化水素を検出することを含む方法。 - 請求項1~16のいずれか一項に記載の方法を実施するための分析システムを備える、炭化水素の採取および/または水中探査のための掘削器具または自律移動体であって、
前記分析システムは、
第1の温度調節チャンバーに配置されたガスクロマトグラフィカラムと、
前記ガスクロマトグラフィカラムの出口側の流路に配置されたナノ電気機械システム(NEMS)型の共振器であって、第2の温度調節チャンバーに配置された機能層を含む共振器と、
前記共振器を共振周波数で振動させ、前記機能層による分析物の吸着または脱着の影響下で前記共振周波数の変化を測定するのに適した読み取り装置と、を含み、
前記第1の温度調節チャンバー及び前記第2の温度調節チャンバーは、互いに熱的に分離し、各チャンバーは、温度調節ユニットを含み、前記温度調節ユニットは、異なる温度プロファイルに従って、各チャンバーの温度を変化させるように構成された、掘削器具または自律移動体。 - 前記分析システムは、前記流路の前記共振器より上流側又は下流側に配置されたカサロメータをさらに含む、請求項17に記載の掘削器具または自律移動体。
- 前記第1の制御温度プロファイルと前記第2の制御温度プロファイルの温度差は、30~100℃である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の制御温度プロファイルと前記第2の制御温度プロファイルの温度差は、40~60℃である、請求項1に記載の方法。
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