JP7291282B2 - 太陽電池及び光起電力モジュール - Google Patents
太陽電池及び光起電力モジュール Download PDFInfo
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- JP7291282B2 JP7291282B2 JP2022146331A JP2022146331A JP7291282B2 JP 7291282 B2 JP7291282 B2 JP 7291282B2 JP 2022146331 A JP2022146331 A JP 2022146331A JP 2022146331 A JP2022146331 A JP 2022146331A JP 7291282 B2 JP7291282 B2 JP 7291282B2
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- solar cell
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- semiconductor substrate
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Description
前面に第1テクスチャ構造を有する半導体基板と、前記半導体基板の第1テクスチャ構造上に位置する第1パッシベーション層と、前記半導体基板の後面に位置するトンネル層と、前記トンネル層の表面に位置するドープ導電層と、前記ドープ導電層の表面に位置する第2パッシベーション層とを含み、
前記第1テクスチャ構造は、ピラミッド状微構造を含み、前記ピラミッド状微構造の斜辺の長さをCμmとすると、0.4≦C≦1.9であり、
前記半導体基板の後面に第2テクスチャ構造を有し、
前記第2テクスチャ構造は、少なくとも部分的に積み重ねられた2つ又は複数の第1サブ構造を含み、
前記後面から離れ、かつ前記後面に垂直な方向に、最外側の第1サブ構造の頂部表面とそれに隣接する第1サブ構造の頂部表面との距離Hは、2μm以下であり、
前記第1パッシベーション層の不均一さをNとすると、Nが4%以下であり、N=(Dmax-Dmin)/Dmaxであり、ただし、Dmaxは、前記ピラミッド状微構造上に位置する第1パッシベーション層の最大厚さであり、Dminは、前記ピラミッド状微構造上に位置する第1パッシベーション層の最小厚さであり、前記第1パッシベーション層における最大厚さの領域は、前記ピラミッド状微構造の頂部又は底部に位置する。
表面に第1テクスチャ構造を有する半導体基板と、前記半導体基板の第1テクスチャ構造上に位置する第1パッシベーション層とを含み、
前記第1パッシベーション層は、ピラミッド状微構造を含み、前記ピラミッド状微構造の斜辺の長さをCμmとすると、0.4≦C≦1.9であり、
前記第1パッシベーション層の不均一さをNとすると、Nが4%以下であり、N=(Dmax-Dmin)/Dmaxであり、ただし、Dmaxは、前記ピラミッド状微構造上に位置する第1パッシベーション層の最大厚さであり、Dminは、前記ピラミッド状微構造上に位置する第1パッシベーション層の最小厚さである。
前面に、ピラミッド状微構造を含む第1テクスチャ構造11を有し、前記ピラミッド状微構造の斜辺の長さをCμmとすると、0.4≦C≦1.9である半導体基板10と、
半導体基板10の第1テクスチャ構造11上に位置する第1パッシベーション層20であって、不均一さNが4%以下である第1パッシベーション層20と、
半導体基板10の後面に位置するトンネル層30と、
トンネル層30の表面に位置するドープ導電層40であって、前記半導体基板10と同じ導電型のドーピング元素を有するドープ導電層40と、
ドープ導電層40の表面に位置する第2パッシベーション層50と、を備える。
対向して設けられた前面と後面を含む半導体基板10と、
半導体基板10の前面に位置するドープ層であって、第1ドーピング濃度を有する低濃度ドープ領域121と第2ドーピング濃度を有する高濃度ドープ領域122とを有し、高濃度ドープ領域122と低濃度ドープ領域121との間に選択的エミッタ構造が形成されるドープ層と、
ドープ層上に位置する第1パッシベーション層20と、
第1パッシベーション層20上に位置する第1電極60であって、第1パッシベーション層20とドープ層の高濃度ドープ領域122を貫通してオーミック接触を形成する第1電極60と、
半導体基板10の後面に位置する第2パッシベーション層50と、
第2パッシベーション層50の後面に位置する第2電極70とを備え、
ただし、第2パッシベーション層50に開口が設けられ、第2電極70の少なくとも一部が開口を貫通して半導体基板10とオーミック接触を形成する。
半導体基板に対してテクスチャリング処理を行い、半導体基板の前面に第1テクスチャ構造を形成するステップS10であって、第1テクスチャ構造がピラミッド状微構造を含んでもよく、前記ピラミッド状微構造の斜辺の長さをCμmとすると、0.4≦C≦1.9であるステップS10と、
テクスチャリング後の半導体基板の前面に対してドーピング処理を行い、ドープ層を形成するステップS20と、
アルカリ溶液を用いて半導体基板の後面に対して研磨処理を行うことにより、半導体基板の後面に第2テクスチャ構造を形成するステップS30と、
半導体基板の後面の第2テクスチャ構造上にトンネル層を形成するステップS40と、
トンネル層の表面に多結晶シリコン層を堆積形成し、多結晶シリコン層に対してドーピング処理を行い、半導体基板と同じ導電型のドーピング元素を有するドープ導電層を形成するステップS50と、
半導体基板の前面の第1テクスチャ構造上に不均一さNが4%以下である第1パッシベーション層を堆積形成するステップS60と、
ドープ導電層の表面に第2パッシベーション層を形成するステップS70と、を含む。
そしてスプレー方式でアルカリ溶液の微小液滴を半導体基板の後面に滴下して粗化処理を行い、さらに濃度が5%~10%のフッ化水素酸で予備洗浄を行い、
研磨液を用いて半導体基板の後面を研磨し、研磨温度を70℃~80℃とし、研磨時間を260s未満とし、ただし、研磨液は、濃度が1%~15%のNaOH、濃度が1%~15%のKOH及び濃度が0.5%~2.5%の添加剤を含む。
研磨後の半導体基板を水洗し、乾燥処理する。
まず、アルカリによる研磨後の半導体基板を堆積装置に置き、20L~60Lの酸素源(例えば酸素、亜酸化窒素、オゾンであってもよい)を流し、0.5℃/min~3℃/minの昇温速度で堆積装置内の温度を560℃~620℃に加熱し、堆積時間を3min~10minとし、トンネル層30を形成するステップと、
酸素を流した後、恒温段階に入り、そして適量のシランガスを導入し、多結晶シリコン層を形成するステップと、
最後に、多結晶シリコン層に対してin-situドーピングを行い、ドープ導電層40を形成するステップと、を含む。
in-situドーピングされた多結晶シリコン層を堆積した後に高温アニール処理と洗浄処理を行うことをさらに含む。
半導体基板に対して、スクリーン印刷を行って焼結することで電極を形成することをさらに含む。
20 第1パッシベーション層
22 反射防止層
30 トンネル層
40 ドープ導電層
50 第2パッシベーション層
60 第1電極
70 第2電極
Claims (18)
- 太陽電池であって、
前面に第1テクスチャ構造を有する半導体基板と、前記半導体基板の第1テクスチャ構造上に位置する第1パッシベーション層と、前記半導体基板の後面に位置するトンネル層と、前記トンネル層の表面に位置するドープ導電層と、前記ドープ導電層の表面に位置する第2パッシベーション層とを含み、
前記第1テクスチャ構造は、ピラミッド状微構造を含み、
前記ピラミッド状微構造の斜辺の長さをCμmとすると、0.4≦C≦1.9であり、
前記半導体基板の後面に第2テクスチャ構造を有し、
前記第2テクスチャ構造は、非ピラミッド状微構造形態を呈し、
前記第2テクスチャ構造は、少なくとも部分的に積み重ねられた2つ又は複数の第1サブ構造を含み、
前記後面から離れ、かつ前記後面に垂直な方向に、最外側の第1サブ構造の頂部表面とそれに隣接する第1サブ構造の頂部表面との距離Hは、2μm以下であり、
前記最外側の第1サブ構造の頂部表面の一次元サイズLは、2μm~45μmであり、
前記第1パッシベーション層の不均一さをNとすると、Nが4%以下であり、N=(Dmax-Dmin)/Dmaxであり、ただし、Dmaxは、前記ピラミッド状微構造上に位置する第1パッシベーション層の最大厚さであり、Dminは、前記ピラミッド状微構造上に位置する第1パッシベーション層の最小厚さであり、
前記第1パッシベーション層における最大厚さの領域は、前記ピラミッド状微構造の頂部又は底部に位置することを特徴とする太陽電池。 - 前記ピラミッド状微構造における第1パッシベーション層の最大厚さは、70nm≦Dmax≦180nmであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の太陽電池。
- 前記ピラミッド状微構造における第1パッシベーション層の最小厚さは、50nm≦Dmin≦70nmであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の太陽電池。
- 前記ピラミッド状微構造の底部の一次元サイズをAμmとすると、0.1≦A≦3であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の太陽電池。
- 前記ピラミッド状微構造の頂部から底部までの高さをBμmとすると、0.1≦B≦3であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の太陽電池。
- 前記第1パッシベーション層は、1層の誘電体層及びK層の反射防止層を含み、Kは2以上7以下の整数であり、それぞれの反射防止層の屈折率は、前記半導体基板との距離の増大に伴って順次低くなることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の太陽電池。
- 前記誘電体層は、アルミニウム含有酸化物、ガリウム含有酸化物、シリコン含有酸化物、チタン含有酸化物、ハフニウム含有酸化物、ニッケル含有酸化物、白金含有酸化物、タンタル含有酸化物のうちの少なくとも1種を含むことを特徴とする請求項6に記載の太陽電池。
- 前記誘電体層の厚さは、1nm~20nmであることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の太陽電池。
- 前記反射防止層は、ケイ素、窒素、酸素のうちの少なくとも2種類の元素からなる化合物を含むことを特徴とする請求項6に記載の太陽電池。
- 前記反射防止層の厚さは、1nm~50nmであることを特徴とする請求項9に記載の太陽電池。
- 前記第1パッシベーション層の総厚さは、70nm~150nmであることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の太陽電池。
- 前記第1パッシベーション層の全体反射率は、1.5~2.5であることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の太陽電池。
- 前記トンネル層の厚さは、0.8nm~2nmであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の太陽電池。
- 前記ドープ導電層の厚さは、60nm~200nmであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の太陽電池。
- 前記ドープ導電層は、N型ドープ多結晶シリコン層であり、前記ドープ導電層は、屈折率の範囲が3.5~4.5であることを特徴とする請求項14に記載の太陽電池。
- 前記第2パッシベーション層は、窒化シリコン層、酸化シリコン層、酸窒化シリコン層のうちの少なくとも1種を含み、前記第2パッシベーション層の厚さは、70nm~120nmであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の太陽電池。
- 前記太陽電池は、第1電極及び第2電極をさらに備え、前記第1電極は、前記第1パッシベーション層を貫通して前記半導体基板の前面に形成されたP型ドープ層とオーミック接触を形成し、前記第2電極は、前記第2パッシベーション層を貫通して前記ドープ導電層とオーミック接触を形成することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の太陽電池。
- 請求項1~17のいずれか一項に記載の太陽電池を備える太陽電池ストリングを複数含むことを特徴とする光起電力モジュール。
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