JP7254128B2 - CD8+CD45RClow Tregの新しい亜集団およびその使用 - Google Patents
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Description
本発明は、ヒトCD8+CD45RClowTregの高度に抑制的な亜集団の同定を含む細胞療法の分野に関する。
免疫抑制レジメンは依然として、移植片の長期生存および移植患者の安寧にとって大きな障害であり、主に二次的影響および非特異的免疫抑制により、ここ数年は同種移植片の生存率の改善が停滞している(Feng 2008)。ドナー抗原への優れた抑制能力および特異性を有する調節集団のヒトにおける同定は、ヒトの移植、および制御性T細胞(Treg)/エフェクターT細胞(Teff)調節不全を伴う多数の疾患において大きな関心が寄せられている。
第一の態様において、本発明は、IFNγ+IL-10+IL-34+分泌ヒトCD8+CD45RClowT制御性(Treg)細胞の単離集団に関する。
本発明は、高度に抑制性のCD8+Treg亜集団の同定から得られる。詳細には本発明者らは、CD8+CD45RClowTregのIFNγ+IL-10+IL-34+分泌亜集団の高度に抑制性の亜集団を同定した。本発明者らは、抗ドナーCD4+CD25-エフェクターT細胞応答に対する古典的CD4+CD25highCD127lowTregに比較したそれらの優れた能力と、それらの抑制活性におけるIFNγ、IL-10およびIL-34の役割を実証した。加えて本発明者らは、IFNγ+IL-10+IL-34+分泌CD8+CD45RClowTregの特異的増幅、ならびにヒト化マウスを用いてヒト皮膚移植片拒絶およびGVHDを阻害する移植での細胞療法としてのそれらの能力を記載した。
第一の態様において、本発明は、CD8+Tregの単離集団、詳細にはIFNγ+IL-10+IL-34+分泌ヒトCD8+CD45RClowT制御性(Treg)細胞の単離集団に関する。本発明はまた、GITR+および/またはFoxp3+であるIFNγ+IL-10+IL-34+分泌ヒトCD8+CD45RClowT制御性(Treg)細胞の単離集団に関する。
本発明のCD8+ヒトTregの亜集団、詳細には本明細書の先に記載されたCD8+CD45RClowTreg細胞の亜集団は、細胞表面マーカーと、IFNγ、IL-10およびIL-34を生成するそれらの能力とによって操作的に特徴づけられ得る。
REEYARFDSDVGEYR(SEQ ID NO:1);
NREEYARFDSDVGEYR(SEQ ID NO:2);
REEYARFDSDVGEFR(SEQ ID NO:3);
REEYVRFDSDVGEYR(SEQ ID NO:4);
QEEYARFD SD VGEYR(SEQ ID NO:5);
REEYARFDSDVGVYR(SEQ ID NO:6);
NREEYARFDSDVGEFR(SEQ ID NO:7);
NREEYVRFDSDVGEYR(SEQ ID NO:8);
NQEEYARFDSDVGEYR(SEQ ID NO:9);
NREEYARFDSDVGVYR(SEQ ID NO:10);
RLLARLIYNREEYARFDSDVGEYRAVTELGRPSAEYRNKQ(SEQ ID NO:11);
YLRYDSDVGEYRAVTE(SEQ ID NO:12);
DSDVGEYRAVTELGRP(SEQ ID NO:13);
YLRYDSDVGEYR(SEQ ID NO:14);
YLRYDSDVGEYRAV(SEQ ID NO:15);
SDVGEYRAVTELGR(SEQ ID NO:16);
LRYDSDVGEYRAVTE(SEQ ID NO:17)、
からなる群から選択される。
本発明はまた、本明細書の先に記載されたIFNγ+IL-10+IL-34+分泌ヒトCD8+CD45RClowTreg細胞の細胞集団を濃縮する方法であって
- 本明細書の先に記載された通りヒト末梢血単核細胞(PBMC)またはリンパ球を含有する生体試料中のIFNγ+IL-10+IL-34+を分泌する該CD8+CD45RClowTreg細胞を検出すること、
- 前記細胞を選択し、
それによりIFNγ+IL-10+IL-34+分泌ヒトCD8+CD45RClowTreg細胞が濃縮された細胞集団を得ること、
を含む、方法に関する。
- ヒト末梢血単核細胞(PBMC)またはリンパ球を含有する生体試料を、ヒトCD8+CD45RClowTreg細胞の集団を単離するのに有用な手段と接触させること、
- 該CD8+CD45RClowTreg細胞から該IFNγ+IL-10+IL-34+分泌ヒトCD8+CD45RClowTreg細胞を検出および選択し、
それによりIFNγ+IL-10+IL-34+分泌ヒトCD8+CD45RClowTreg細胞の濃縮された細胞集団を得ること、
を含む。
- ヒト末梢血単核細胞(PBMC)またはリンパ球を含有する生体試料を、非CD8+細胞のマーカーに結合する少なくとも1種の試薬と接触させ、それにより非CD8+細胞を除去すること、
- 本明細書の先に記載されたIFNγ+IL-10+IL-34+分泌ヒトCD8+CD45RClowTreg細胞を検出し、それらを選択し、
それによりIFNγ+IL-10+IL-34+分泌ヒトCD8+CD45RClowTreg細胞の濃縮された細胞集団を得ること、
を含み得る。
- ヒト末梢血単核細胞(PBMC)またはリンパ球を含有する生体試料を、非CD8+細胞のマーカーに結合する少なくとも1種の試薬と接触させ、それにより非CD8+細胞を除去すること、
- 本明細書の先に記載されたCD8+CD45RClowTreg細胞を検出および単離すること、および
- 該CD8+CD45RClowTreg細胞から本明細書の先に記載されたIFNγ+IL-10+IL-34+分泌ヒトCD8+CD45RClowTreg細胞を検出および選択し、
それによりIFNγ+IL-10+IL-34+分泌ヒトCD8+CD45RClowTreg細胞の濃縮された細胞集団を得ること、
を含む。
- 本明細書の先に記載されたヒト末梢血単核細胞(PBMC)またはリンパ球を含有する生体試料において、IFNγ+IL-10+IL-34+を分泌する該CD8+CD45RClowTreg細胞を検出すること、
- 前記細胞を除去すること、
-それによりIFNγ+IL-10+IL-34+分泌ヒトCD8+CD45RClowTreg細胞が除去された細胞集団を得ること、
を含む、IFNγ+IL-10+IL-34+分泌ヒトCD8+CD45RClowTreg細胞の細胞集団を除去する方法に関する。
第三の態様において、本発明は、IFNγ+IL-10+IL-34+分泌ヒトCD8+CD45RClowTreg細胞の単離集団を培養するステップ、好ましくはIFNγ+IL-10+IL-34+分泌ヒトCD8+CD45RClowTreg細胞の単離集団を、Treg細胞を増幅させるのに適した培地と接触させるステップを含む、本明細書の先に記載されたIFNγ+IL-10+IL-34+分泌ヒトCD8+CD45RClowTreg細胞を増幅させる方法に関する。
- ヒト末梢血単核細胞(PBMC)またはリンパ球を含有する生体試料からCD8+GITR+Treg細胞を単離すること、場合によりヒト末梢血単核細胞(PBMC)またはリンパ球を含有する生体試料からCD8+CD45RClowGITR+Treg細胞を単離すること、
- 場合により該単離されたTreg細胞を凍結し、続いて解凍すること、および
- 前記細胞を培養で増幅させること、
を含む、本発明によるCD8+Treg細胞の集団を生成する方法に関する。
- ヒト末梢血単核細胞(PBMC)またはリンパ球を含有する生体試料から、IFNγ+IL-10+IL-34+分泌ヒトCD8+CD45RClowTreg細胞であるCD8+GITR+Treg細胞を単離すること、
- 場合により該単離されたTreg細胞を凍結し、続いて解凍すること、および
- 前記細胞を培養で増幅させること、
を含む。
- ヒト末梢血単核細胞(PBMC)またはリンパ球を含有する生体試料からCD8+GITR+Treg細胞を単離すること、場合によりヒト末梢血単核細胞(PBMC)またはリンパ球を含有する生体試料からCD8+CD45RClowGITR+Treg細胞を単離すること、
- 場合により該単離されたTreg細胞を凍結し、続いて解凍すること、および
- 前記細胞を培養で増幅させること、
を含む、IFNγ+IL-10+IL-34+分泌ヒトCD8+CD45RClowTreg細胞の集団を生成する方法に関する。
- ヒト末梢血単核細胞(PBMC)またはリンパ球を含有する生体試料から、CD8+GITR+Treg細胞を単離すること、
場合により該単離されたTreg細胞を凍結し、続いて解凍すること、および
- 前記細胞を培養で増幅させること、
を含む。
- ヒト末梢血単核細胞(PBMC)またはリンパ球を含有する生体試料から、CD8+CD45RClowGITR+Treg細胞を単離すること、
- 場合により該単離されたTreg細胞を凍結し、続いて解凍すること、および
- 前記細胞を培養で増幅させること、
を含む。
- ヒト末梢血単核細胞(PBMC)またはリンパ球を含有する生体試料において、CD8+GITR+Treg細胞を検出すること、場合によりヒト末梢血単核細胞(PBMC)またはリンパ球を含有する生体試料において、CD8+CD45RClowGITR+Treg細胞を検出すること、
- 前記細胞を除去すること、
- それによりIFNγ+IL-10+IL-34+分泌ヒトCD8+CD45RClowTreg細胞が除去された細胞集団を得ること、
を含む、本発明のCD8+Tregの集団を除去する方法に関する。
本発明はまた、本発明のCD8+ヒトTregの、詳細には本発明によるIFNγ+IL-10+IL-34+分泌ヒトCD8+CD45RClowTreg細胞の集団、好ましくは本発明のCD8+ヒトTregの、詳細にはIFNγ+IL-10+IL-34+分泌ヒトCD8+CD45RClowTreg細胞の単離集団を含む組成物を提供する。一実施形態において、本発明による組成物は、本発明のCD8+ヒトTregの、詳細にはIFNγ+IL-10+IL-34+分泌ヒトCD8+CD45RClowTreg細胞の濃縮集団を含む。一実施形態において、本発明による組成物は、本発明のCD8+ヒトTregが除去された細胞集団、詳細にはIFNγ+IL-10+IL-34+分泌ヒトCD8+CD45RClowTreg細胞が除去された集団を含む。別の実施形態において、本発明による組成物は、本発明の遺伝子改変CD8+ヒトTregの集団、詳細には遺伝子改変IFNγ+IL-10+IL-34+分泌ヒトCD8+CD45RClowTreg細胞の集団を含む。
上述の通り、本発明のCD8+ヒトTregの、詳細には本発明のIFNγ+IL-10+IL-34+分泌ヒトCD8+CD45RClowTreg細胞の単離集団は、免疫系による自己組織または治療性タンパク質の変性を回避するための自己免疫性、慢性炎症、アレルギー、移植(移植片拒絶またはGVHDを予防または処置するため、のいずれか)、遺伝子療法および治療性タンパク質での処置の分野で関心が寄せられている。本発明によるヒトCD8+CD45RClowTreg細胞の単離集団は、事実、免疫寛容を誘導する能力、ならびに/または免疫反応、好ましくは処置される疾患に関与する抗原(複数可)に対する抗原特異性免疫反応(複数可)および/もしくはCD4+T細胞、CD8+T細胞により介在される望まない獲得免疫反応、好ましくは免疫T細胞寛容またはT細胞活性化の低減を抑制および/もしくは阻害する能力を示す。好ましくは本発明のCD8+ヒトTregの、詳細には本発明のIFNγ+IL-10+IL-34+分泌ヒトCD8+CD45RClowTreg細胞の単離集団は、処置される患者から単離される(そしてエクスビボ増幅後に患者に再投与される)。
別の態様において、本発明は、患者が移植片拒絶、GVHD、慢性炎症性疾患、自己免疫疾患、治療性タンパク質への望まない免疫反応またはアレルギー(上記定義)のリスクがあるか否かを決定するためのインビトロ法であって、本発明の方法により前記患者から得られた生体試料中の本発明のCD8+ヒトTregの、詳細には本明細書の先に記載されたIFNγ+IL-10+IL-34+分泌ヒトCD8+CD45RClowTreg細胞の存在を決定するステップを含み、本発明のCD8+ヒトTregの存在、詳細には本明細書の先に記載されたIFNγ+IL-10+IL-34+分泌ヒトCD8+CD45RClowTreg細胞の存在が、移植片拒絶、GVHD、慢性炎症性疾患、自己免疫疾患、治療性タンパク質への望まない免疫反応またはアレルギーのリスク低減の指標である、インビトロ法に関する。
材料と方法
健常な志願者の血液採取およびPBMC分離:
血液を、Etablissement Francais du Sang(フランス、ナント所在)で、健常なドナーから採取した。この試験の認可を、当該協会の審査委員会から得た。記入されたインフォームドコンセントが、当該協会のガイドラインに従って提供された。血液をPBSで二倍希釈した後、PBMCを2000rpm、室温で20のブレーキを用いないFicoll-Paque密度勾配遠心分離(Eurobio、フランスのコートアボフ所在)により単離した。採取されたPBMCを1800rpmで10分間、PBS 50mLで洗浄して、残留する赤血球および血小板を、低浸透性溶液中、5分間のインキュベーションおよび1000rpmで10分間の遠心分離の後に排除した。指示されれば、PBMCをDMSO:SVF 1:9中に凍結し、解凍の間、培地-10%SVFで2回洗浄した。
B細胞(CD19+細胞)および残りの単球(CD14+およびCD16+細胞)のエルトリエーション(DTC Plateforme、ナント所在)および磁気除去(Dynabeads、Invitrogen)による陰性選択と、その後のレスポンダー細胞としてのCD3+CD4+CD25-細胞、CD8+TregとしてのCD3+CD4-CD45RClow、およびCD4+Treg細胞としてのCD3+CD4+CD25-CD127low細胞の選別により、T細胞をPBMCから得た。解凍されたPBMCから選別されたTregを、250U/ml IL-2の存在下、抗CD3および抗CD28 mAbで24時間刺激した後、播種した。IFNγおよび/またはIL-10分泌細胞を、Miltenyiの分泌アッセイ検出キットを用いたTregの24時間ポリクローナル刺激の後、選別した。FACS ARIA I(BD Biosciences、カリフォルニア州マウンテンビュー所在)を用いて、細胞を選別した。
インターロイキン、IFNγおよびFoxp3の分析のために、PBMCを、PMA(50ng/ml)およびイオノマイシン(1μg/ml)で7時間、最後の4時間はBrefeldine A(10μg/ml)の存在下で刺激した。
Treg抑制活性を、同種APCで刺激された同系エフェクターCD4+CD25-T細胞(Tregのドナーから得られた)で評価した。刺激物質:エフェクター比の範囲を、DCで刺激された時にレスポンダー細胞の顕著な増殖に到達するようにテストして、他の実験はAPC:レスポンダー比 1:1で実行した。ブロッキングmAbまたはアイソタイプ対照mAbを、共培養の0日目に50μg/mlで添加した。トランスウェル膜(0.4μMφ)を用いて、両者とも刺激細胞と接触させながら、Tregをレスポンダー細胞から隔離した。1000U/ml IL-2(Miltenyi)を添加して、Tregによるサイトカイン損失を評定した。解凍されたPBMCから増幅されたTregの抑制活性を、増幅に用いられたものと同じドナーから得られた同種APCで刺激された同系エフェクター細胞で評定し、解凍されたPBMCと同じドナーから選別された非刺激Tregに比較した。5%AB血清培地での共培養の4.5日後に、CD3+CD4+生存細胞(DAPI陰性)でゲーティングして、添加の際にCPD-V450標識CD4+Tregを除去することにより、CFSE標識レスポンダー細胞の増殖をフローサイトメトリーで分析した。
Tregを、IL-2(1000U/ml)およびIL-15(10ng/ml)を補充された5%AB血清培地に約3×105個/mlで播種して、1:4のTreg:APC比のコーティング抗CD3 mAb(1μg/ml)、可溶性抗CD28 mAb(1μg/ml)および/または同種APCで刺激した。7日目に、増幅された細胞を1×105個/mlに希釈して、再度刺激した、または刺激しなかった。IL-2およびIL-15サイトカインを、0、7、10および12日目に新たに添加した。14日目に、増幅されたTregを使用前にPBSで洗浄した。
8~12週齢NOD/SCID/IL-2Rγ-/-(NSG)マウスを、SPF条件の本発明者らの動物施設にて飼育した。この試験は、Pays de la Loire(承認番号CEEA.2012.155)のCommittee on the Ethics of Animal Experimentsにより認可されたプロトコルを厳密に遵守して実施した。
ヒトCD8+CD45RClowTregはヒトCD4+CD25+CD127-Tregよりも効率的な抗ドナー免疫反応抑制物質である
過去の試験で、MHCミスマッチ心臓同種移植片ラットモデルにおけるCD40Igでの処置により誘導された移植片受容におけるCD8+CD45RClowT制御性細胞の関与が記載されている(Guillonneau et al.,2007;Li et al.,2010)。両方の試験で、CD40Ig誘導性同種移植片受容におけるIFNγの重要な役割が強調された。
ヒトCD8+CD45RClowTregを特徴づけるために、詳細な表現型分析を、13色フローサイトメトリーを利用して実施した。複数のマーカー、即ち、CD103、CTLA-4、GITRなどのTreg、またはIFNγ、IL-34もしくはIL-10などのサイトカインについて過去に記載されたマーカーに加え、ヒトCD8+Tregの公知マーカー、即ちCD28およびCD122を分析して、全CD8+CD45RClowTregサブセット内の亜集団の存在を評定した。
IFNγおよびIL-34を発現するヒトCD8+CD45RClowTregの亜集団の抑制能力を評定した。最初に、CD8+CD45RClowTregの亜集団を、IFNγ-またはIL-10-分泌アッセイ検出キットを用いて、IFNγおよびIL-10の発現に基づいて選別して、生存細胞の選別を可能にした。IL-34の大部分がIL-10分泌細胞により共発現されるという観察から、IL-10+細胞がIL-34+細胞でもあると仮定した。したがってCD8+CD45RClowTregの4つの亜集団:IL-10-(IL-34-)IFNγ-、IL-10-(IL-34-)IFNγ+、IL-10+(IL-34+)IFNγ-、およびIL-10+(IL-34+)IFNγ+CD8+CD45RClowTregを選別した。そのような選別された細胞をその後、先に記載された通りMLRアッセイで添加した(図5A)。重要なこととして、IL-10+(IL-34+)IFNγ+CD8+CD45RClowTregは、IL-10-(IL-34-)IFNγ+CD8+CD45RClowTregよりも有意に抑制性であり、IL-10およびIL-34の重要な役割が示唆された。
全CD8+CD45RClowTreg集団を細胞表面マーカー:GITR、CD38、HLA-DR、CD45RA、CD127、CD197、CD27、CD28、CD25で細分することにより、類似のアッセイを実施した。抑制活性の小さな損失が、CD45RAおよびCD28などの一部の他のマーカーで観察され得たが、有意差はなかった。1つの例外を含み、抑制活性の上昇はなく、これらのマーカーを用いて抑制活性を有するCD8+CD45RClowTregをさらに識別し得ないことが示唆された。
その後、CD8+CD45RClowTregの抑制活性の基礎となり得る異なる作用機序を再考した。そのような作用機序としては、サイトカイン分泌、接触依存性活性、エフェクターT細胞増殖を抑制するIL-2除去または殺傷が挙げられる。
CD8+CD45RClowTreg介在性抑制にとっての接触の重要性を決定するために、トランスウェル実験を実施した(図7)。下部チャンバーにおける同種T細胞除去PBMCで刺激されたCFSE標識CD4+CD25-T細胞の増殖を、下部または上部チャンバーにおいてCD8+CD45RClowTregの存在下、または非存在下で評定した。CD8+CD45RClowTregを上部チャンバー内で別個に添加した場合に、抑制活性の完全な損失が観察され、接触の必要性が実証された。
CD4+Tregを用いた細胞療法は、同種移植片の拒絶を予防するための有望な対策であり、CD8+CD45RClowTregは、CD4+CD25highCD127-Tregよりも効率的にエクスビボでの抗ドナー免疫反応を阻害するため(図1)、CD8+CD45RClowTregの増幅のプロトコルを設定した。
重要なこととして、同種およびポリクローナル増幅CD8+CD45RClowTregの両方は、解凍された、選別された、および非増幅CD8+CD45RClowTregよりも、同種CD4+CD25-エフェクターT細胞応答の抑制が有意に効率的であった(図11)。
IFNγの検出を、異なるCD8+CD45RClowTreg培養物の上清で評定した(図13)。単離されたCD8+CD45RClowTregを、ポリクローナル抗CD3および抗CD28 Abで一晩刺激し、MLRアッセイに添加して、同系エフェクターCD4+CD25-T細胞を1:1のエフェクター:サプレッサー比の同種T細胞除去PBMCで刺激するか、または0日目に1:4のTreg:APC比の同種T細胞除去PBMCで刺激して14日間の増幅でポリクローナル抗CD3および抗CD28 Abで刺激した。7日目に、細胞を抗CD3および抗CD28 Abで再度刺激した。0、7、10および12日目に、培地にIL-2およびIL-15を補充した。IFNγを、14日目にELISAにより培養上清で測定した。IFNγ分泌は、エフェクターCD4+CD25-T細胞およびAPC(平均2.5ng/ml)の存在下で検出可能であったが、CD8+Treg(平均3.9ng/ml)との6日間インキュベーション後、または抗CD3および抗CD28 mAbでのCD8+ Treg(平均8.7ng/ml)の14日間増幅後に増加した。
最後に、そのような増幅CD8+CD45RClowTregの抑制能力を、NSGマウスを用いた2つの異なる移植モデル、同種PBMCの注射後のヒト皮膚の同種移植片拒絶モデル(図14)およびヒトPBMCの注射後の異種GVHDモデル(図15)を用いて評定した。
本出願全体を通して、様々な参考資料に、本発明がかかわる技術分野の最新技術が記載されている。これらの参考資料の開示は、参照により本開示に組み入れられる。
Feng S.2008 Long-term management of immunosuppression after pediatric liver transplantation:is minimization or withdrawal desirable or possible or both? Curr Opin Organ Transplant.Oct;13(5):506-12.
Guillonneau,C.,Hill,M.,Hubert,F.X.,Chiffoleau,E.,Herve,C.,Li,X.L.,Heslan,M.,Usal,C.,Tesson,L.,Menoret,S.,et al.2007.CD40Ig treatment results in allograft acceptance mediated by CD8CD45RC T cells,IFN-gamma,and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase.J Clin Invest 117:1096-1106.
Li,X.L.,Menoret,S.,Bezie,S.,Caron,L.,Chabannes,D.,Hill,M.,Halary,F.,Angin,M.,Heslan,M.,Usal,C.,et al.2010.Mechanism and localization of CD8 regulatory T cells in a heart transplant model of tolerance.J Immunol 185:823-833.
Picarda,E.,Bezie,S.,Venturi,V.,Echasserieau,K.,Merieau,E.,Delhumeau,A.,Renaudin,K.,Brouard,S.,Bernardeau,K.,Anegon,I.,et al.2014.MHC-derived allopeptide activates TCR-biased CD8+ Tregs and suppresses organ rejection.J Clin Invest 124:2497-2512.
Sadelain M,Brentjens R,Riviere I.2013 The basic principles of chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)design;Cancer Discov.April;3(4):388-398.
Streuli,M.,Hall,L.R.,Saga,Y.,Schlossman,S.F.,and Saito,H.1987.Differential usage of three exons generates at least five different mRNAs encoding human leukocyte common antigens.J Exp Med 166:1548-1566.
Claims (3)
- IFNγ+IL-10+IL-34+分泌ヒトCD8+CD45RClowT制御性(Treg)細胞の単離集団と少なくとも1種の医薬的に許容できる担体とを含む、必要とする患者において移植片対宿主病(GVHD)を予防または処置するための方法における使用のための医薬組成物であって、前記CD8 + CD45RC low Treg細胞は、IL-34、IL-10およびIFNγの分泌に依存する抑制活性を媒介する、医薬組成物。
- 前記Treg細胞が、キメラ抗原受容体(CAR)またはキメラ自己抗体受容体(CAAR)を含む遺伝子改変されたTreg細胞である、請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記Treg細胞が、GITR+Foxp3+である、請求項1または2に記載の医薬組成物。
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