JP7249287B2 - T細胞受容体シグナル伝達を阻害または調節することによって、t細胞枯渇を処置する方法 - Google Patents
T細胞受容体シグナル伝達を阻害または調節することによって、t細胞枯渇を処置する方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本出願は、2017年3月31日に出願した、米国仮出願第62/479,930号の利益を主張し、本明細書の一部を構成するものとして、同出願の全内容を援用する。
本発明は、T細胞枯渇を処置する方法に関する。特に、本発明は、T細胞受容体(TCR)シグナル伝達を一時的に阻害して、T細胞機能を回復することによって、T細胞枯渇を予防または逆転する方法に関する。
この明細書を解釈するために、以下の定義を適用するものとし、適切な場合には常に、単数形で使用した用語は複数形を含むものとし、その逆も同様である。以下に記載したあらゆる定義が、本明細書の一部を構成するものとして援用するあらゆる文献と矛盾する場合には、以下に記載した定義を優先する。
本発明は、TCRシグナル伝達の一時的な阻害または調節が、CAR T細胞におけるキメラ抗原受容体(CAR)表面発現の調節を介して、CAR T細胞の枯渇を予防または逆転させ、そして、CAR T細胞の機能を回復させることができる、という発見に基づいている。CARを発現するT細胞は、受容体のクラスター化によって抗原非依存性の持続性シグナル伝達を受け、そして、高レベルのPD-1、TIM-3、及び、LAG-3発現に示されるように、T細胞枯渇の基礎生物学を再現して、抗原誘導性サイトカインの産生、及び、過剰なプログラム細胞死を減少させた。FKBP12不安定化ドメイン(DD)に融合したGD2.28z CAR(GD2.28z.FKBP)が生成され、そして、制御可能なDD(RDD)により、CARが不安定になり、また、CARタンパク質の急速な分解を誘導した(Banaszynski et.al,Cell 2006を参照されたい)。表面発現は、トリメトプリムまたは安定化ラパログshield-1(S1)を培地に加える、または、培地から取り除くことで、迅速かつ用量依存的に調節されることが認められた。CARに融合したE. coli DHFR変異体(GD2.28z.DHFR)を用いて、CAR発現の同様の調節可能性をも達成しており、このものは、トリメトプリムで用量依存的に調節した(実施例1及び2、図2、12~13、22~24を参照されたい)。
本明細書に記載したように、RDDに融合したCARを発現するように遺伝子操作した本発明のCAR T細胞は、標的特異的結合要素、別名、抗原結合部分を含むCARを含み得る。成分の選択は、標的細胞の表面を定義するリガンドの種類と数に依存している。例えば、当該抗原結合ドメインは、特定の疾患状態に関連する標的細胞での細胞表面マーカーとして作用するリガンドを認識するように選択し得る。当該CARの抗原部分ドメインのリガンドとして作用し得る細胞表面マーカーの例として、ウイルス、細菌、及び、寄生虫感染、自己免疫疾患、及び、がん細胞に関連するものがある。
特定の実施形態では、当該結合領域は、モノクローナル抗体の相補性決定領域(CDR)、モノクローナル抗体の可変領域、及び/または、その抗原結合断片を含む。CDRは、抗原を補完する抗原受容体(例えば、免疫グロブリン、及び、T細胞受容体)タンパク質の可変ドメインに認められる短いアミノ酸配列であり、したがって、その特定の抗原に対する特異性を受容体に付与する。抗原受容体の各ポリペプチド鎖は、3つのCDR(CDR1、CDR2、及び、CDR3)を含む。一般的に、当該抗原受容体は、2つのポリペプチド鎖で構成されており、各重鎖及び軽鎖には3つのCDRが含まれているので、抗原と接触することができる各抗原受容体(例えば、抗体またはTCR)には6つのCDRがある。免疫グロブリン及びT細胞受容体に関連するほとんどの配列変異はCDRに認められるので、これらの領域を、超可変ドメインとも称する。
膜貫通ドメインに関して、当該CARは、当該CARの細胞外ドメインに融合した膜貫通ドメインを含むようにデザインすることができる。ある実施形態では、当該CARにおけるドメインの1つと自然に関連する膜貫通ドメインを使用する。一部の実施形態では、膜貫通ドメインを、アミノ酸置換で選択または修飾して、同じまたは異なる表面膜タンパク質の膜貫通ドメインに対するそのようなドメインの結合を回避して、受容体複合体のその他のメンバーとの相互作用を最小限に抑える。
本発明のCARの細胞内シグナル伝達ドメインは、キメラ受容体が配置されているT細胞の正常なエフェクター機能の少なくとも1つの活性化に関与する。用語「エフェクター機能」とは、分化細胞の特殊な機能のことを指す。T細胞のエフェクター機能は、例えば、細胞溶解活性、または、サイトカインの分泌を含むヘルパー活性とし得る。ナイーブ、記憶、または、記憶型T細胞のエフェクター機能は、抗原依存性増殖を含む。したがって、用語「細胞内シグナル伝達ドメイン」とは、エフェクター機能シグナルを伝達し、そして、特殊な機能を実行するように当該細胞に指示するタンパク質の部分のことを指す。通常であれば、細胞内シグナル伝達ドメイン全体を使用するが、大抵の場合、細胞内ポリペプチド全体を使用する必要はない。細胞内シグナル伝達ドメインから切り取った部分が使用できる限りは、そのような切り取った部分は、エフェクター機能シグナルを依然として伝達する限りは、インタクトな鎖の代わりに使用し得る。したがって、細胞内シグナル伝達ドメインという用語は、エフェクター機能シグナルを伝達するのに十分な細胞内シグナル伝達ドメインから切り取った部分を含む、ことを意味する。
本発明のCARの調節可能な不安定化ドメイン(RDD)を、時間、及び/または、用量依存的にT細胞の表面でのCARの発現を調節する(例えば、抑制させる)ために利用する。このようにして、CAR T細胞の枯渇を、予防/阻害し、または、逆転して、CAR T細胞の機能の維持、回復、または、強化(例えば、持続したエフェクター機能)をもたらすことができる。
本発明は、CARの配列を含むDNA構築物を含み、当該配列は、RDDの核酸配列に作動可能に結合した細胞内ドメインの核酸配列に作動可能に結合した抗原結合部分(例えば、腫瘍抗原結合ドメイン、または、病原体抗原結合ドメイン)の核酸配列を含む。本発明のCARで使用できる細胞内ドメインの例として、CD3-ゼータ、CD27、CD28などの細胞内ドメインがあるが、これらに限定されない。一部の事例では、当該CARを、CD3-ゼータ、CD28、4-1BBなどのあらゆる組み合わせを含むことができる。本発明のCARで使用できるDDの例として、DHFR DD及びFKBP DDがあるが、これらに限定されない。
ある態様では、本明細書で提供するCAR T細胞は、自己CAR T細胞である。一部の実施形態では、当該自己CAR T細胞は、処置を受ける対象または患者から得たT細胞から製造する。一部の実施形態では、当該対象から得たT細胞は、末梢血単核細胞、骨髄、リンパ節組織、臍帯血、胸腺組織、感染部位の組織、腹水、胸水、脾臓組織、及び、腫瘍を含む試料から単離する。特定の実施形態では、当該技術分野で入手可能なあらゆる数のT細胞株を使用し得る。本発明の特定の実施形態では、T細胞は、FICOLL(商標)分離などの当業者に公知の幾つもの技術を使用して、対象から回収した血液の単位から得ることができる。一部の実施形態では、個体の循環血液由来の細胞は、アフェレーシスで得る。一般的に、アフェレーシス産物は、T細胞、単球、顆粒球、B細胞、その他の有核白血球、赤血球、及び、血小板などのリンパ球を含む。ある実施形態では、アフェレーシスで回収した当該細胞を洗浄して、血漿画分を除去し、そして、その後の処理ステップのために適切な緩衝剤または培地に細胞を入れることができる。本発明のある実施形態では、これらの細胞を、リン酸緩衝生理食塩水(PBS)で洗浄する。別の実施形態では、当該洗浄溶液は、カルシウム、マグネシウム、及び、その他の二価カチオンを含んでいない。洗浄後に、例えば、Ca2+不含、Mg2+不含のPBS、PlasmaLyte A、または、緩衝剤を含む、または、含まないその他の生理食塩水など、様々な生体適合性緩衝剤に対して、これらの細胞を再懸濁し得る。あるいは、当該アフェレーシス試料での望ましくない成分を除去し、そして、これらの細胞を、培養培地に直接に再懸濁し得る。
望ましいCARを発現するためのT細胞の遺伝子改変の前後に関係なく、当該T細胞は、例えば、本明細書の一部を構成するものとして、それらの個々の内容を援用する、米国特許第6,352,694号;第6,534,055号;第6,905,680号;第6,692,964号;第5,858,358号;第6,887,466号;第6,905,681号;第7,144,575号;第7,067,318号;第7,172,869号;第7,232,566号;第7,175,843号;第5,883,223号;第6,905,874号;第6,797,514号;第6,867,041号;及び、米国特許出願公開第20060121005号に記載された方法を使用して、一般的には、活性化及び増殖し得る。
本発明は、一部の実施形態では、特定の抗体の抗原認識ドメインを、CD3-ゼータ、CD28、4-1BB、または、これらのあらゆる組み合わせの細胞内ドメイン、及び、RDDと組み合わせるCARを発現するように改変した細胞(例えば、T細胞)を提供する。したがって、その標的抗原の存在下で、改変T細胞は、CAR媒介T細胞応答を誘発する。
TCRシグナル伝達を阻害または調節することで、T細胞の枯渇を予防または逆転する方法
導入
我々は、GD2-CARを発現するT細胞が、培養で10日以内に機能的枯渇になり、そして、抑制性受容体の共発現、腫瘍抗原に応答したサイトカイン分泌不全、及び、異常な代謝機能を特徴とする、ことを以前に報告した(Long et al.,Nat Med 2015)。コントロールの培養物は、非形質導入T細胞(モック)、及び、CD19-CARを発現するものを含むが、これらは、インビトロで持続性シグナル伝達を発現することはなく、枯渇する。このシステムで枯渇を招くためにはゼータ鎖が必要であり、また、CD28シグナル伝達が枯渇を誘発するシグナル伝達刺激の効力を高めることを、以前の研究で示した。このモデルシステムを使用して、T細胞の枯渇について、堅牢で、操作可能で、かつ、再現可能なインビトロでのヒトモデルを最適化して、T細胞の枯渇を予防または逆転する方法を評価する。
我々が遺伝子操作をして作り出したFKBP12変異体不安定化ドメインに融合したGD2.28z.CAR(Banaszynski et al.,Cell 2006)(GD2.28z. FKBP)は、当該CARに不安定性を付与し、そして、急速なタンパク質分解を誘発する。我々は、培養培地に対して、安定化ラパログshield-1(S1)を添加する、または、そこから取り去ることで、表面発現を迅速かつ用量依存的に調節できることを認めた(図1)。CAR発現の同様の調節可能性は、E.coli DHFR変異体(GD2.28z.DHFR、図示せず)を用いて行うことができ、このものは、臨床で一般的に使用されている抗生物質であるトリメトプリムで制御することができる。
CARへの不安定化ドメインの導入を介した、CAR T細胞の枯渇の予防と、CAR T細胞エフェクター機能の強化
CAR T細胞の表面発現を調節して、CAR T細胞の活性を制御できるかどうかを試験するための実験を行い、細胞を完全に除去せずに毒性を被った患者で、(自殺スイッチとは全く対照的に)CAR T細胞をオフにする方法を提供した。表面CARの非存在下でのCAR T細胞のインビトロでの増殖が、CAR持続性シグナル伝達の緩和を可能にし、より健康的で、より効果的な注入産物を得られるかどうかを決定するための実験を、本発明の実施形態を開発している間にも行った。最後に、調節可能な薬物感受性不安定化ドメインを使用するCAR表面発現の調節が、T細胞枯渇の予防または逆転、及び/または、T細胞記憶の維持/誘導を可能にするかどうかを試験するために、実験を行った。
細胞と培養条件
NALM6-GL(GFP及びルシフェラーゼで安定にトランスフェクトした急性リンパ芽球性白血病株)、及び、NALM6-GL-GD2(GD2シンテターゼを過剰発現するように安定にトランスフェクトした)細胞株を、RPMI-1640で培養した。293T及び143B細胞株を、DMEM(Life Technologies)で培養した。DMEM及びRPMI-1640には、10%熱不活性化FBS(Gibco,Life Technologies)、10mM HEPES、100U/mLペニシリン、100μg/mlストレプトマイシン、及び、2mM L-グルタミン(Gibco,Life Technologies)を加えた。
すべてのDD-CARレンチウイルス上清を、293T細胞株の一過性トランスフェクションを介して産生した。要するに、CARをコードするプラスミドと、パッケージングタンパク質Gag-Pol、REV、及び、エンベロープタンパク質VSVGをコードするプラスミドとを用いて、リポフェクタミン2000(Life Technologies)を介して、293T細胞をトランスフェクションした。トランスフェクションをして24時間後、及び、48時間後に上清を回収し、そして、直ちに凍結するか、あるいは、超遠心分離にて30,000RPMで遠心して最初の濃縮を行い、その後、-80℃で凍結保存する。
すべての試料を、LSR Fortessa(BD Bioscience)、または、Cytoflex(Beckman Coulter)で分析し、そして、FlowJoを使用してデータを分析した。1×106個/mLの細胞を、PBSで2回洗浄し、そして、染色剤を含むPBSで標識した後に、FACSバッファー(2%FBS及び0.4% 0.5M EDTAを補充したPBS)で、2回洗浄した。GD2 CARを、14g2a抗イディオタイプ抗体(クローン1A7)で検出した。CD19 CARを、FMC63抗イディオタイプ抗体(クローン136.20.1)で検出した。T細胞の表現型を、CD4(OKT4,Biolegend)、CD8(SK1,Biolegend)、PD-1(eBioJ105,eBioscience)、TIM-3(F38-2E2,Biolegend)、LAG-3(3DS223H,eBioscience)、CD45RO(UCHL1,eBioscience)、CCR7(150503,BD Biosciences)、CD69(FN50,Biolegend)、IL-2(MQ1-17H12,Biolegend)、及び、IFNγ(4S.B3、Biolegend)を介して評価した。サイトカイン産生の評価を行った共培養アッセイでは、1:1000モネンシン(eBioscience)の存在下で、少なくとも6時間、腫瘍細胞とCAR T細胞とを共培養した。IL-2とIFNyとを評価する場合、細胞を表面染色し、次いで、細胞内抗体とのインキュベーションの前に、固定及び透過化した(eBioscience)。CAR T細胞の表現型データを表示するすべてのFACSプロットは、CAR+細胞に関してプレゲートした。モック-形質導入したT細胞については、すべてのT細胞集団を分析に使用した。
T細胞を培養物から取り出し、室温で、10分間、2%PFAに固定し、ペレット化し、そして、-80℃で凍結した。解凍した後、各試料に対して、20-プレックスPdバーコードキット(Fluidigm)でバーコードを付けた。次いで、細胞試料をプールし、そして、表面マーカー発現のために、室温で、30分間、重金属結合抗体で染色した。次に、細胞にメタノールを浸透させ、続いて、重金属結合抗ヒトT-bet(4B10,Biolegend)、及び、抗ヒトBlimp-1(ROS195G,Biolegend)で、室温で、30分間、染色した。試料を、Helios質量サイトメーター(Fluidigm)に適用し、そして、Cytobankオンラインソフトウェアを使用して分析を完了した。
50,000個のNALM6-GL-GD2腫瘍細胞を、96ウェルプレートの各ウェルに、IL-2を補充していない200μLの完全AimV培地に、1:2または1:8のE:T比でT細胞と共培養した。プレートをincucyteにロードし、そして、48時間から72時間の間、2時間ごとに、488nmの蛍光画像を撮った。GFP+腫瘍細胞を、大きさと蛍光強度マスクで同定し、そして、計数したすべての腫瘍細胞の合計GFP強度を、個々のウェルごとに定量した。数値を、t=0に正規化し、データ表示のために複製ウェルを平均した。
50,000個のNALM6-GL-GD2腫瘍細胞を、96ウェルプレートの各ウェルに、IL-2を補充していない200μLの完全AimV培地に、1:1のE:T比でT細胞と共培養した。24時間後に、上清を除去し、-20℃で保存した。IL-2及びIFNγの分泌を、ELISA(Biolegend)で評価した。
2×106個のCAR-T細胞を、培養物から取り出し、ペレット化し、そして、ホスファターゼ、及び、プロテアーゼ阻害剤(Thermo Fisher)を加えた100uLのRIPA溶解緩衝剤(10mM Tris-Cl pH8.0、1mM EDTA、1%Triton X-100、0.1%デオキシコール酸ナトリウム、0.1%SDS、140mM NaCl)に再懸濁した。4℃で30分間インキュベートした後、4℃で20分間、14,000RPMで遠心分離して、上清を除去した。透明な溶解物でのタンパク質濃度を、比色反応(BioRad)で測定した。
6~8週齢のNSGマウスに、静脈内注射で、1×106個のNALM6-GL-GD2を生着させた。生後7日目に、1~5×106個のGD2.28z.DHFR、または、HA-GD2.28z.DHFR CAR+ T細胞を、静脈内に注入した。NALM6-GL-GD2全身腫瘍組織量は、Xenogen IVIS Lumina(Caliper Life Sciences)を使用して評価した。マウスに対して、まず、3mg D-ルシフェリン(Caliper Life Sciences)を腹腔内に注射し、次いで、30秒の露光時間で4分後に画像化するか、あるいは、30秒でシグナルが飽和に達する場合は、「自動」露光を選択した。Living Imageソフトウェア(Caliper Life Sciences)を使用して、発光画像を分析した。
すべてのCAR配列を、EF-1アルファプロモーターの制御下で、pELNSレンチウイルスバックボーンに挿入した。CD3zドメインの下流への不安定化ドメイン配列の挿入は、(内在性BmgBI制限部位で始まる)CD3z配列の一部、それに続く、不安定化ドメイン配列、停止コドン、及び、SalI制限部位を含むカスタム遺伝子断片(IDT Technologies)をサブクローニングして行った。CD3zまたはDD配列のいずれにも存在しない他の制限部位は回避した。
まず、DD-CAR表面発現の用量依存的調節を、2つの異なるRDDと融合した3つの異なるCARについて試験をした。CD19.28z、GD2.28z、及び、高親和性GD2.28z(HA-GD2.28z)を、それぞれ、12kDa FK506結合タンパク質(FKBP)DDまたはE.coli由来のジヒドロ葉酸還元酵素(DHFR)DDに融合した。別の実験では、当該FKBP DDに融合したHer2.28z CARの調節も試験した(図24)。ラパログshield-1(S1)を使用してFKBP融合CARを安定化し、一方で、FDAが承認した抗生物質トリメトプリム(TMP)を使用してDHFR融合CARを安定化した。FACSを介して表面CAR発現を評価する前に、安定化薬を、少なくとも48時間、DD-CAR T細胞とインキュベートした。データは、試験した7つのCARすべてについて、表面CARの正確な用量依存的調節を実証している(図12、24を参照されたい)。DD-CARの異なるEC50値(図22B)は、CARが融合したDDとは関係なく、当該安定化薬に対する所定のDD-CARタンパク質の感受性が不均一であることを実証している。また、これらの研究は、各DHFR融合CARが、そのFKBP融合対応物と比較して、安定化薬物に対して高い感受性を示したので、DDの本質的な差異を実証している(図22を参照されたい)。さらに、すべてのRDDが、CARタンパク質を不安定にするものではなく、たとえ、その他のタンパク質を不安定にするものであっても、そうはならない、ことが認められた(図23を参照されたい)。以前に報告されたDHFR DDの2つの反復(Iwamoto et al.,Chemistry & Biology 17、981-988(2010)を参照されたい)を、GD2.28z CARに関して試験を行っており、そのうちの一方は、薬物依存性調節を可能にした(図12、22、33を参照されたい)。
Claims (9)
- a)細胞外リガンド結合ドメイン;
b)膜貫通ドメイン;
c)1つ以上のシグナル伝達ドメインを含む細胞質ドメイン;及び
d)調節可能な不安定化ドメイン(RDD)を含み、
前記RDDが、以下のアミノ酸置換:R12Y、G67S、及びY100Iを含むEscherichia coliジヒドロ葉酸還元酵素不安定化ドメイン(ecDHFR DD)、または以下のアミノ酸置換:E31G、F36V、R71G、及びK105Eを含むFK506-及びラパマイシン-結合タンパク質不安定化ドメイン(FKBP12 DD)を含む、
キメラ抗原受容体(CAR)。 - 以下のうちの1つ以上を特徴とする:
前記細胞外リガンド結合ドメインが、腫瘍抗原に対して特異的に結合し、前記腫瘍抗原が、ジシアロガングリオシドGD2である;
前記細胞外リガンド結合ドメインが、一本鎖可変断片(scFv)ドメインを含む;
前記膜貫通ドメインが、CD28膜貫通ドメインである;
前記細胞質ドメインが、4-1BBシグナル伝達ドメインを含む;
前記細胞質ドメインが、CD28シグナル伝達ドメインを含む;
前記細胞質ドメインが、CD3-ゼータシグナル伝達ドメインを含む;
前記細胞質ドメインが、4-1BBシグナル伝達ドメイン、及び、CD3-ゼータシグナル伝達ドメインを含む;
前記キメラ抗原受容体が、配列番号40のアミノ酸配列を含む;
前記膜貫通ドメインが、配列番号48のアミノ酸配列を含む;
前記シグナル伝達ドメインが、配列番号50のアミノ酸配列を含むCD28ドメインを含む;
前記シグナル伝達ドメインが、配列番号50のアミノ酸配列を含むCD28ドメイン、及び、配列番号52のアミノ酸配列を含むCD3-ゼータドメインを含む;
前記CD3-ゼータドメインが、配列番号52のアミノ酸配列を含む;
前記ecDHFR DDが、配列番号70のアミノ酸配列を含む;
前記FKBP12 DDが、配列番号22のアミノ酸配列を含む;
前記キメラ抗原受容体が、配列番号56のアミノ酸配列を含む;
請求項1に記載のCAR。 - 前記scFvが、GD2に対して特異的に結合する抗体の重鎖(VH)及び軽鎖(VL)の可変領域を含む、請求項2に記載のCAR。
- 前記RDDが、前記ecDHFR DDを含む、請求項2に記載のCAR。
- 請求項1に記載のCARをコードする単離した核酸配列を含む、遺伝子操作したT細胞であって、前記単離した核酸配列が、
a)共刺激分子の細胞内ドメインの核酸配列:
b)CD3-ゼータシグナル伝達ドメインの核酸配列を含む、
前記遺伝子操作したT細胞。 - 以下のうちの1つ以上を特徴とする:
前記細胞外リガンド結合ドメインが、腫瘍抗原に対して特異的である;
前記細胞外リガンド結合ドメインが、一本鎖可変断片(scFv)ドメインを含む;
前記核酸配列が、ヒト、マウス、または、ヒト化マウス核酸配列である;
前記膜貫通ドメインが、CD28膜貫通ドメインである;
前記細胞質ドメインが、4-1BBシグナル伝達ドメインを含む;
前記細胞質ドメインが、CD28シグナル伝達ドメインを含む;
前記細胞質ドメインが、CD3-ゼータシグナル伝達ドメインを含む;
前記ecDHFR DDが、配列番号70のアミノ酸配列を含む;
前記FKBP12 DDが、配列番号22のアミノ酸配列を含む;
前記細胞外結合ドメインが、配列番号39の核酸配列を含む;
前記膜貫通ドメインが、配列番号47の核酸配列によってコードされる;
前記シグナル伝達ドメインが、配列番号49の核酸配列によってコードされるCD28ドメインを含む;
前記細胞内シグナル伝達ドメインが、配列番号49の核酸配列によってコードされるCD28ドメイン、及び、配列番号51の核酸配列によってコードされるCD3-ゼータドメインを含む;
前記CD3-ゼータドメインが、配列番号51の核酸配列によってコードされる;
前記ecDHFR DDが、配列番号69の核酸配列によってコードされる;及び、
前記CARが、配列番号56のアミノ酸配列を含む;
請求項5に記載の遺伝子操作したT細胞。 - 前記腫瘍抗原が、ジシアロガングリオシドGD2である、請求項6に記載の遺伝子操作したT細胞。
- 前記scFvが、GD2に対して特異的に結合する抗体の重鎖(VH)及び軽鎖(VL)の可変領域を含む、請求項6に記載の遺伝子操作したT細胞。
- 哺乳動物(ヒトを除く)に抗がん免疫応答を提供する方法であって、前記方法は、CARを発現するように遺伝子操作したT細胞を有効量にて前記哺乳動物に投与することを含み、前記CARが、
a)細胞外リガンド結合ドメイン;
b)膜貫通ドメイン;
c)1つ以上のシグナル伝達ドメインを含む細胞質ドメイン;及び
d)調節可能な不安定化ドメイン(RDD)を含み、
前記RDDが、以下のアミノ酸置換:R12Y、G67S、及びY100Iを含むEscherichia coliジヒドロ葉酸還元酵素不安定化ドメイン(ecDHFR DD)、または以下のアミノ酸置換:E31G、F36V、R71G、及びK105Eを含むFK506-及びラパマイシン-結合タンパク質不安定化ドメイン(FKBP12 DD)を含む、
前記方法。
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