JP7226281B2 - 希土類焼結磁石 - Google Patents
希土類焼結磁石 Download PDFInfo
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- H01F1/0575—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together
- H01F1/0577—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together sintered
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- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
- H01F1/058—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IVa elements, e.g. Gd2Fe14C
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- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
- H01F41/0293—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets diffusion of rare earth elements, e.g. Tb, Dy or Ho, into permanent magnets
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Description
即ち、上記特許文献1で提案されている微粉砕時の粉砕ガスをHe、Ar等の不活性ガスに変更する方法では、窒素ガスとの価格差を考慮すると、工業的な生産は困難である。また、粒界拡散法は、高保磁力化に非常に有用であるが、Nd磁石のBr向上のために、磁石中の添加元素や余分なR量を減少させた場合や、あるいは潤滑剤の増量による配向向上などを行うことで不純物元素(炭素、酸素、窒素)が増大した場合は、HcJ増大効果が著しく低下するという問題点がある。また、HcJ増大効果量にも限度があるため、電気自動車等の高い耐熱性が要求される用途に対しては、粒界拡散法を行う前の磁石素材自体のHcJ保磁力を高める必要がある。
〔1〕
R(Rは希土類元素から選ばれる1種以上の元素であり、Ndを必須とする。)、T(Tは鉄族元素から選ばれる1種以上の元素であり、Feを必須とする。)、X(XはB、Cから選ばれる1種又は2種の元素であり、Bを必須とする。)、M1(M1はAl、Si、Cr、Mn、Cu、Zn、Ga、Ge、Mo、Sn、W、Pb、Biから選ばれる1種以上の元素である。)を含む希土類焼結磁石であって、0.1質量%以下のO、0.05質量%以下のN、0.07質量%以下のCを含み、該希土類焼結磁石の平均結晶粒径が4.0μm以下であり、かつ配向度について、配向度をOr[%]、平均結晶粒径をD[μm]とした場合に、次の関係式(1)
0.26×D+97≦Or≦0.26×D+99 ・・・(1)
を満たすことを特徴とする希土類焼結磁石。
〔2〕
上記Rの一部として、焼結後の磁石に粒界拡散により導入されたR元素を含む〔1〕の希土類焼結磁石。
〔3〕
上記粒界拡散により導入されたR元素が、Dy、Tb及びHoから選ばれる1種以上の元素である〔2〕の希土類焼結磁石。
〔4〕
上記R、T、Xの原子百分率をそれぞれ[R]、[T]、[X]とした場合に、次の関係式(2)
[T]/14≦[X]≦[R]/2 ・・・(2)
を満たす〔1〕~〔3〕のいずれかの希土類焼結磁石。
〔5〕
M2(M2はTi、V、Zr、Nb、Hf、Taから選ばれる1種以上の元素である。)を更に含み、上記R、T、X、M2の原子百分率をそれぞれ[R]、[T]、[X]、[M2]とした場合に、次の関係式(3)
([T]/14)+([M2]×2)≦[X]≦([R]/2)+([M2]×2) ・・・(3)
を満たす〔1〕~〔3〕のいずれかの希土類焼結磁石。
〔6〕
上記M2が0.5原子%以下である〔5〕の希土類焼結磁石。
〔7〕
Rは12.5原子%~16.0原子%、M1は0.1原子%~2.0原子%である〔1〕~〔6〕のいずれかの希土類焼結磁石。
[T]/14≦[X]≦[R]/2 ・・・(2)
即ち、Xの含有量は、R2T14X相比率の減少によるBrへの影響やR2T17相が形成されることによるHcJへの影響の観点から、[T]/14以上であることが好ましく、また、R1.1Fe4B4相のようなXリッチ相が形成されることによるR2T14X相比率の変動のBrへの影響を考慮し、[R]/2以下であることが好ましい。
0.26×D+97≦Or≦0.26×D+99 ・・・(1)
([T]/14)+([M2]×2)≦[X]≦([R]/2)+([M2]×2) ・・・(3)
即ち、M2を含有する場合のXの含有量は、R2T14X相比率の減少によるBrへの影響やR2T17相が形成されることによるHcJへの影響の観点から、([T]/14)+([M2]×2)以上であることが好まく、またR1.1Fe4B4相のようなXリッチ相が形成されることによるR2T14X相比率の変動のBrへの影響を考慮し、([R]/2)+([M2]×2)以下であることが好ましい。
本発明の希土類焼結磁石を作製する工程は、基本的には、通常の粉末冶金法と同様であり、特に制限されるものではないが、通常は、原料を溶解して所定の組成を有する原料合金を得る溶解工程、原料合金を粉砕して合金微粉末を調製する粉砕工程、合金微粉末を磁場印加中で圧粉成形して成形体を得る成形工程、成形体を熱処理して焼結体を得る熱処理工程を含む。
Ndメタル、Prメタル、Dyメタル、フェロボロン合金、電解Co、Alメタル、Cuメタル、Gaメタル、Siメタル、ジルコニウムメタルおよび電解鉄を(メタルはいずれも純度99%以上)、所定の割合となるように秤量・配合し、溶解し、ストリップキャスト法により鋳造して、厚み0.2~0.4mmのフレーク状の原料合金を得た。得られたフレーク状の原料合金を水素加圧雰囲気で水素脆化させることで粗粉砕粉を得た。次に、得られた粗粉砕粉に、潤滑剤としてステアリン酸を粗粉砕粉100質量%に対して表1に示した割合で添加・混合した後、気流式粉砕機(ジェットミル装置)を用いて、窒素気流中で乾式粉砕し、表1に示した粉砕粒径(D50)の微粉砕粉(合金粉末)を得た。なお、粉砕粒径(D50)は、気流分散法によるレーザー回折法で得られた体積基準メジアン径である。
実施例1と同様の手順でフレーク状の原料合金を作製した。この合金を水素加圧雰囲気で水素脆化させた後、400℃、4時間の加熱処理を行い、合金の脱水素化処理を行った。得られた粗粉砕粉から実施例1と同様な手順で微粉砕、成形、焼結、拡散処理を行い、実施例1と同様に、粉砕粒径、結晶粒径、配向度、組成、粒界拡散処理前のBr及びHcJ、粒界拡散処理後のHcJを測定した。結果を表1~3に示す。
実施例1と同様な手順で磁石の作製を行った。その際に潤滑剤(ステアリン酸)の添加量や粉砕粒径を表1に示すとおりに変更した。実施例1と同様に、粉砕粒径、結晶粒径、配向度、組成、粒界拡散処理前のBr及びHcJ、粒界拡散処理後のHcJを測定した結果を、表1~3に示す。
Claims (7)
- R(Rは希土類元素から選ばれる1種以上の元素であり、Ndを必須とする。)、T(Tは鉄族元素から選ばれる1種以上の元素であり、Feを必須とする。)、X(XはB、Cから選ばれる1種又は2種の元素であり、Bを必須とする。)、M1(M1はAl、Si、Cr、Mn、Cu、Zn、Ga、Ge、Mo、Sn、W、Pb、Biから選ばれる1種以上の元素である。)を含む希土類焼結磁石であって、0.1質量%以下のO、0.05質量%以下のN、0.07質量%以下のCを含み、該希土類焼結磁石の平均結晶粒径が4.0μm以下であり、かつ配向度について、配向度をOr[%]、平均結晶粒径をD[μm]とした場合に、次の関係式(1)
0.26×D+97≦Or≦0.26×D+99 ・・・(1)
を満たすことを特徴とする希土類焼結磁石。 - 上記Rの一部として、焼結後の磁石に粒界拡散により導入されたR元素を含む請求項1記載の希土類焼結磁石。
- 上記粒界拡散により導入されたR元素が、Dy、Tb及びHoから選ばれる1種以上の元素である請求項2記載の希土類焼結磁石。
- 上記R、T、Xの原子百分率をそれぞれ[R]、[T]、[X]とした場合に、次の関係式(2)
[T]/14≦[X]≦[R]/2 ・・・(2)
を満たす請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の希土類焼結磁石。 - M2(M2はTi、V、Zr、Nb、Hf、Taから選ばれる1種以上の元素である。)を更に含み、上記R、T、X、M2の原子百分率をそれぞれ[R]、[T]、[X]、[M2]とした場合に、次の関係式(3)
([T]/14)+([M2]×2)≦[X]≦([R]/2)+([M2]×2) ・・・(3)
を満たす請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の希土類焼結磁石。 - 上記M2が0.5原子%以下である請求項5に記載の希土類焼結磁石。
- Rは12.5原子%~16.0原子%、M1は0.1原子%~2.0原子%である請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の希土類焼結磁石。
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JP2019218668A JP7226281B2 (ja) | 2019-12-03 | 2019-12-03 | 希土類焼結磁石 |
PCT/JP2020/043600 WO2021111921A1 (ja) | 2019-12-03 | 2020-11-24 | 希土類焼結磁石 |
CN202080083961.7A CN114746963A (zh) | 2019-12-03 | 2020-11-24 | 稀土烧结磁体 |
EP20895974.2A EP4071259A4 (en) | 2019-12-03 | 2020-11-24 | RARE EARTH SINTERED MAGNET |
US17/781,874 US20230005646A1 (en) | 2019-12-03 | 2020-11-24 | Rare-earth sintered magnet |
TW109142321A TW202131358A (zh) | 2019-12-03 | 2020-12-02 | 稀土類燒結磁石 |
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JP2017147426A (ja) | 2015-03-31 | 2017-08-24 | 信越化学工業株式会社 | R−Fe−B系焼結磁石及びその製造方法 |
JP2019169621A (ja) | 2018-03-23 | 2019-10-03 | Tdk株式会社 | R‐t‐b系焼結磁石 |
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---|---|---|---|---|
US5858123A (en) * | 1995-07-12 | 1999-01-12 | Hitachi Metals, Ltd. | Rare earth permanent magnet and method for producing the same |
JP3413789B2 (ja) * | 1997-09-17 | 2003-06-09 | 日立金属株式会社 | R−Fe−B系焼結型永久磁石 |
US8030935B2 (en) | 2004-10-15 | 2011-10-04 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Minimizing the effect of borehole current in tensor induction logging tools |
KR101485281B1 (ko) | 2011-12-27 | 2015-01-21 | 인터메탈릭스 가부시키가이샤 | NdFeB계 소결 자석 |
EP2975619A4 (en) | 2013-03-12 | 2016-03-09 | Intermetallics Co Ltd | PROCESS FOR PRODUCING RFEB SINTERED MAGNET AND RFEB SINTERED MAGNET PRODUCED THEREBY |
JP6555170B2 (ja) * | 2015-03-31 | 2019-08-07 | 信越化学工業株式会社 | R−Fe−B系焼結磁石及びその製造方法 |
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JP2019169621A (ja) | 2018-03-23 | 2019-10-03 | Tdk株式会社 | R‐t‐b系焼結磁石 |
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