JP2021089931A - 希土類焼結磁石 - Google Patents
希土類焼結磁石 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2021089931A JP2021089931A JP2019218668A JP2019218668A JP2021089931A JP 2021089931 A JP2021089931 A JP 2021089931A JP 2019218668 A JP2019218668 A JP 2019218668A JP 2019218668 A JP2019218668 A JP 2019218668A JP 2021089931 A JP2021089931 A JP 2021089931A
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- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000005324 grain boundary diffusion Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052689 Holmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 15
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 50
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 36
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 29
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 29
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 27
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 21
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 19
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 17
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 16
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 15
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011802 pulverized particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001887 electron backscatter diffraction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010191 image analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000700 radioactive tracer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000004671 saturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910003451 terbium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SCRZPWWVSXWCMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N terbium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Tb+3].[Tb+3] SCRZPWWVSXWCMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005347 demagnetization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003618 dip coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dysprosium atom Chemical compound [Dy] KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 electrolytic Co Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004993 emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004868 gas analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009616 inductively coupled plasma Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002354 inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007561 laser diffraction method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N terbium atom Chemical compound [Tb] GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/05—Metallic powder characterised by the size or surface area of the particles
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C33/0257—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
- C22C33/0278—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5%
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
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- C22C—ALLOYS
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- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C22C38/005—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing rare earths, i.e. Sc, Y, Lanthanides
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- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/10—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing cobalt
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/14—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing titanium or zirconium
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- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/16—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing copper
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
- H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
- H01F1/0571—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes
- H01F1/0575—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together
- H01F1/0577—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together sintered
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- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
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- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
- H01F1/058—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IVa elements, e.g. Gd2Fe14C
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- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
- H01F41/0293—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets diffusion of rare earth elements, e.g. Tb, Dy or Ho, into permanent magnets
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- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
- B22F2009/044—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling by jet milling
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- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
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Abstract
Description
即ち、上記特許文献1で提案されている微粉砕時の粉砕ガスをHe、Ar等の不活性ガスに変更する方法では、窒素ガスとの価格差を考慮すると、工業的な生産は困難である。また、粒界拡散法は、高保磁力化に非常に有用であるが、Nd磁石のBr向上のために、磁石中の添加元素や余分なR量を減少させた場合や、あるいは潤滑剤の増量による配向向上などを行うことで不純物元素(炭素、酸素、窒素)が増大した場合は、HcJ増大効果が著しく低下するという問題点がある。また、HcJ増大効果量にも限度があるため、電気自動車等の高い耐熱性が要求される用途に対しては、粒界拡散法を行う前の磁石素材自体のHcJ保磁力を高める必要がある。
〔1〕
R(Rは希土類元素から選ばれる1種以上の元素であり、Ndを必須とする。)、T(Tは鉄族元素から選ばれる1種以上の元素であり、Feを必須とする。)、X(XはB、Cから選ばれる1種又は2種の元素であり、Bを必須とする。)、M1(M1はAl、Si、Cr、Mn、Cu、Zn、Ga、Ge、Mo、Sn、W、Pb、Biから選ばれる1種以上の元素である。)を含む希土類焼結磁石であって、0.1質量%以下のO、0.05質量%以下のN、0.07質量%以下のCを含み、該希土類焼結磁石の平均結晶粒径が4.0μm以下であり、かつ配向度について、配向度をOr[%]、平均結晶粒径をD[μm]とした場合に、次の関係式(1)
0.26×D+97≦Or≦0.26×D+99 ・・・(1)
を満たすことを特徴とする希土類焼結磁石。
〔2〕
上記Rの一部として、焼結後の磁石に粒界拡散により導入されたR元素を含む〔1〕の希土類焼結磁石。
〔3〕
上記粒界拡散により導入されたR元素が、Dy、Tb及びHoから選ばれる1種以上の元素である〔2〕の希土類焼結磁石。
〔4〕
上記R、T、Xの原子百分率をそれぞれ[R]、[T]、[X]とした場合に、次の関係式(2)
[T]/14≦[X]≦[R]/2 ・・・(2)
を満たす〔1〕〜〔3〕のいずれかの希土類焼結磁石。
〔5〕
M2(M2はTi、V、Zr、Nb、Hf、Taから選ばれる1種以上の元素である。)を更に含み、上記R、T、X、M2の原子百分率をそれぞれ[R]、[T]、[X]、[M2]とした場合に、次の関係式(3)
([T]/14)+([M2]×2)≦[X]≦([R]/2)+([M2]×2) ・・・(3)
を満たす〔1〕〜〔3〕のいずれかの希土類焼結磁石。
〔6〕
上記M2が0.5原子%以下である〔5〕の希土類焼結磁石。
〔7〕
Rは12.5原子%〜16.0原子%、M1は0.1原子%〜2.0原子%である〔1〕〜〔6〕のいずれかの希土類焼結磁石。
[T]/14≦[X]≦[R]/2 ・・・(2)
即ち、Xの含有量は、R2T14X相比率の減少によるBrへの影響やR2T17相が形成されることによるHcJへの影響の観点から、[T]/14以上であることが好ましく、また、R1.1Fe4B4相のようなXリッチ相が形成されることによるR2T14X相比率の変動のBrへの影響を考慮し、[R]/2以下であることが好ましい。
0.26×D+97≦Or≦0.26×D+99 ・・・(1)
([T]/14)+([M2]×2)≦[X]≦([R]/2)+([M2]×2) ・・・(3)
即ち、M2を含有する場合のXの含有量は、R2T14X相比率の減少によるBrへの影響やR2T17相が形成されることによるHcJへの影響の観点から、([T]/14)+([M2]×2)以上であることが好まく、またR1.1Fe4B4相のようなXリッチ相が形成されることによるR2T14X相比率の変動のBrへの影響を考慮し、([R]/2)+([M2]×2)以下であることが好ましい。
本発明の希土類焼結磁石を作製する工程は、基本的には、通常の粉末冶金法と同様であり、特に制限されるものではないが、通常は、原料を溶解して所定の組成を有する原料合金を得る溶解工程、原料合金を粉砕して合金微粉末を調製する粉砕工程、合金微粉末を磁場印加中で圧粉成形して成形体を得る成形工程、成形体を熱処理して焼結体を得る熱処理工程を含む。
Ndメタル、Prメタル、Dyメタル、フェロボロン合金、電解Co、Alメタル、Cuメタル、Gaメタル、Siメタル、ジルコニウムメタルおよび電解鉄を(メタルはいずれも純度99%以上)、所定の割合となるように秤量・配合し、溶解し、ストリップキャスト法により鋳造して、厚み0.2〜0.4mmのフレーク状の原料合金を得た。得られたフレーク状の原料合金を水素加圧雰囲気で水素脆化させることで粗粉砕粉を得た。次に、得られた粗粉砕粉に、潤滑剤としてステアリン酸を粗粉砕粉100質量%に対して表1に示した割合で添加・混合した後、気流式粉砕機(ジェットミル装置)を用いて、窒素気流中で乾式粉砕し、表1に示した粉砕粒径(D50)の微粉砕粉(合金粉末)を得た。なお、粉砕粒径(D50)は、気流分散法によるレーザー回折法で得られた体積基準メジアン径である。
実施例1と同様の手順でフレーク状の原料合金を作製した。この合金を水素加圧雰囲気で水素脆化させた後、400℃、4時間の加熱処理を行い、合金の脱水素化処理を行った。得られた粗粉砕粉から実施例1と同様な手順で微粉砕、成形、焼結、拡散処理を行い、実施例1と同様に、粉砕粒径、結晶粒径、配向度、組成、粒界拡散処理前のBr及びHcJ、粒界拡散処理後のHcJを測定した。結果を表1〜3に示す。
実施例1と同様な手順で磁石の作製を行った。その際に潤滑剤(ステアリン酸)の添加量や粉砕粒径を表1に示すとおりに変更した。実施例1と同様に、粉砕粒径、結晶粒径、配向度、組成、粒界拡散処理前のBr及びHcJ、粒界拡散処理後のHcJを測定した結果を、表1〜3に示す。
Claims (7)
- R(Rは希土類元素から選ばれる1種以上の元素であり、Ndを必須とする。)、T(Tは鉄族元素から選ばれる1種以上の元素であり、Feを必須とする。)、X(XはB、Cから選ばれる1種又は2種の元素であり、Bを必須とする。)、M1(M1はAl、Si、Cr、Mn、Cu、Zn、Ga、Ge、Mo、Sn、W、Pb、Biから選ばれる1種以上の元素である。)を含む希土類焼結磁石であって、0.1質量%以下のO、0.05質量%以下のN、0.07質量%以下のCを含み、該希土類焼結磁石の平均結晶粒径が4.0μm以下であり、かつ配向度について、配向度をOr[%]、平均結晶粒径をD[μm]とした場合に、次の関係式(1)
0.26×D+97≦Or≦0.26×D+99 ・・・(1)
を満たすことを特徴とする希土類焼結磁石。 - 上記Rの一部として、焼結後の磁石に粒界拡散により導入されたR元素を含む請求項1記載の希土類焼結磁石。
- 上記粒界拡散により導入されたR元素が、Dy、Tb及びHoから選ばれる1種以上の元素である請求項2記載の希土類焼結磁石。
- 上記R、T、Xの原子百分率をそれぞれ[R]、[T]、[X]とした場合に、次の関係式(2)
[T]/14≦[X]≦[R]/2 ・・・(2)
を満たす請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の希土類焼結磁石。 - M2(M2はTi、V、Zr、Nb、Hf、Taから選ばれる1種以上の元素である。)を更に含み、上記R、T、X、M2の原子百分率をそれぞれ[R]、[T]、[X]、[M2]とした場合に、次の関係式(3)
([T]/14)+([M2]×2)≦[X]≦([R]/2)+([M2]×2) ・・・(3)
を満たす請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の希土類焼結磁石。 - 上記M2が0.5原子%以下である請求項5に記載の希土類焼結磁石。
- Rは12.5原子%〜16.0原子%、M1は0.1原子%〜2.0原子%である請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の希土類焼結磁石。
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