JP7164502B2 - 遺伝性血管浮腫の治療における血漿カリクレイン結合タンパク質およびその使用 - Google Patents
遺伝性血管浮腫の治療における血漿カリクレイン結合タンパク質およびその使用 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本願は、2014年1月21日出願の米国特許仮出願第61/929,716号、2014年2月25日出願の米国特許仮出願第61/944,361号、および2014年7月7日出願の米国特許仮出願第62/021,397号の出願日の優先権を主張するものである。これら参照となる各出願の内容全体は、本明細書中参照として援用される。
本発明をさらに説明する前に、簡便のため、本明細書、実施例および添付の特許請求の範囲で使用される特定の用語を個々に定義する。他の用語は、本明細書中で明らかとなるように定義されている。
式中、v=測定した速度;v0=阻害剤の非存在下での速度;Ki,app=見かけ上の阻害定数:I=総阻害剤濃度;およびE=総酵素濃度。
本明細書中に記載される方法で使用される血漿カリクレイン結合抗体は、完全長(たとえばIgG(たとえばIgG1、IgG2、IgG3、IgG4)、IgM、IgA(たとえばIgA1、IgA2)、IgD、およびIgE)であってよく、または抗原結合性フラグメント(たとえばFab、F(ab’)2またはscFvフラグメント)のみを含んでよい。結合抗体は、2つの重鎖イムノグロブリンおよび2つの軽鎖イムノグロブリンを含んでよく、または単一鎖の抗体であってよい。血漿カリクレイン結合抗体は、ヒト化抗体、CDRグラフト抗体、キメラ抗体、脱免疫化(deimmunized)抗体、またはin vitroで作製した抗体などの組み換えタンパク質であってよく、ヒト生殖系列イムノグロブリン配列由来の定常領域を任意に含んでもよい。一実施形態では、血漿カリクレイン結合抗体は、モノクローナル抗体である。
本明細書中に記載されるPKalを結合できる抗体は、当業者に知られている任意の方法により作製できる。たとえば、Harlow and Lane, (1988) Antibodies: A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New Yorkを参照されたい。
本明細書中に記載される1つまたは複数の抗体は、たとえば薬学的に許容可能な組成物または薬学的な組成物などの組成物中に存在してよい。血漿カリクレイン結合抗体は、薬学的に許容可能なキャリアーと共に製剤化できる。いくつかの実施形態では、本明細書中に記載の抗体100mg~300mg(たとえば100mgまたは300mgの用量のDX-2930)が、たとえば薬学的に許容可能な組成物または薬学的な組成物などの、任意に薬学的に許容可能なキャリアーを含む組成物に存在する。
本明細書中に記載される血漿カリクレイン結合抗体のうち1つまたは複数をキット中で、たとえばキットの成分として提供できる。たとえば、キットは、(a)血漿カリクレイン結合抗体、たとえば、血漿カリクレイン結合抗体を含む組成物(たとえば医薬組成物)と、任意に(b)情報材料とを含む。情報材料は、本明細書中に記載される方法および/または血漿カリクレイン結合抗体、たとえば本明細書中に記載される方法のための血漿カリクレイン結合抗体の使用に関連する、記述的、指示的な、市販されている、または他の材料であってよい。いくつかの実施形態では、キットは、血漿カリクレイン結合抗体、たとえばDX-2930の1つまたは複数の用量を含む。いくつかの実施形態では、1つまたは複数の用量は、100mgまたは300mgである。
いくつかの態様では、本開示は、HAEを治療する際の、活性血漿カリクレイン(たとえばヒト活性血漿カリクレイン)に結合する抗体の使用を提供する。本明細書中に記載される治療での使用に適した抗体は、本明細書中に記載されるDX-2930またはその機能的変異体、DX-2930と同一のエピトープを結合する抗体、またはヒト活性血漿カリクレインへの結合に関してDX-2930と競合する抗体を含む。
遺伝性血管性浮腫(HAE)は、「クインケ浮腫」としても知られており、C1エステラーゼインヒビター欠乏性、C1インヒビター欠乏性であり、遺伝性血管神経性浮腫(HANE)である。HAEは、再発する重篤な腫脹(浮腫)の発症を特徴とし、これは、たとえば肢、顔、性器、消化管、および気道に影響し得る。HAEの症状として、たとえば腕、足、唇、眼、舌、および/もしくは喉の腫脹;喉の腫脹および突然の嗄声を含み得る気道の阻害;再発性の明確な原因のない異常な腹部疝痛の発症;ならびに/または重篤な場合があり腹部疝痛、嘔吐、脱水、下痢、疼痛、および/もしくはショックを引き起こし得る、腸の腫脹が挙げられる。このHAEを有する個体のおよそ1/3が、発作の間に輪状紅斑と呼ばれるかゆみのない発疹を発症する。
本開示は、本明細書中に記載される抗体(たとえば本明細書中に記載される抗体の治療上の有効量)を、HAEを有する、または有する疑いのある対象に、たとえば本明細書中に記載される投与スケジュールにしたがって投与することにより、遺伝性血管性浮腫(HAE)を治療する(たとえばこのうちの1つまたは複数の症状を緩和する、安定化する、または排除する)方法を提供する。さらに、たとえば本明細書中に記載される投与スケジュールにしたがって、またはたとえば本明細書中に記載される1つの他の薬剤などの第2の治療と併用して、本明細書中に記載される抗体(たとえば本明細書中に記載される抗体の治療上の有効量)を投与することにより、HAEを治療する方法を提供する。また本開示は、たとえば本明細書中に記載される投与スケジュールにしたがって、HAEを発症するリスクのある対象(たとえばHAEを有する家族を有する対象またはHAEに対する遺伝的な素因のある対象)に、本明細書中に記載される抗体(たとえば本明細書中に記載される抗体の予防上の有効量)を投与することにより、HAEまたはその症状を予防する方法を提供する。いくつかの例では、対象は、治療時にHAEの症状を有していないヒトの患者であってもよい。
本明細書中に記載される抗血漿カリクレイン抗体は、たとえば本明細書中に記載される疾患または病態など、血漿カリクレイン活性に関連する疾患または病態を治療するための他の治療の1つまたは複数と併用して投与できる。たとえば、血漿カリクレイン結合抗体は、外科手術、別の抗血漿カリクレインFabまたはIgG(たとえば本明細書中に記載の別のFabまたはIgG)、別の血漿カリクレイン阻害剤、ペプチド阻害剤、または小分子阻害剤と共に、治療的または予防的に使用できる。本明細書中に記載される血漿カリクレイン結合抗体との併用療法で使用できる血漿カリクレイン阻害剤の例として、たとえば国際特許公開公報第95/21601号または第2003/103475号に記載される血漿カリクレイン阻害剤が挙げられる。
実施例1:健常なボランティアにおけるDX-2930の単回の上昇する用量の試験
健常なボランティアにおける単回の上昇する用量を、以下の用量のDX-2930:0.1mg/kg、0.3mg/kg、1mg/kg、および3mg/kgを使用して行った。各ボランティアのデータを入手し、各用量の安全性を決定するために解析した。DX-2930の重鎖および軽鎖の完全配列および可変配列を以下に提供する。ここでは、シグナル配列はイタリック体である。CDRは太字でかつ下線が引かれている。
この試験は、ランダム化された二重盲検であり、プラセボ制御されている。単回および上昇する用量のDX-2930を、健常な対象に皮下投与した。参加者を、それぞれが単回の用量(0.1mg/kg、0.3mg/kg、1mg/kg、または3mg/kg)に対応する1~4名の対象コホートに無作為に割り当てた。各コホートは、6名の活性薬剤で処置した対象、および2名のプラセボ処置した対象を含んだ。用量スケジュールが完了した後、すべての対象を16週間モニタリングした。
DX-2930は、用量を限定する毒性が現れることなく、最大3.0mg/kgの単回用量で認容性が良好であった。よって、この試験は、DX-2930に関連したいずれかの臨床的に有意な安全性シグナルの証拠を収集しなかった。
注:ここで、用語「有害事象」(AE)は、特に、治療により現れる有害事象を指す。有害事象は、発症時間が、試験薬剤の投与の後から112日での投与後の最終的な再診までである場合、または発症時間が試験薬剤投与に先行する事象では、AEが112日の投与後再診期間の間に重症度を増す場合、治療に由来すると考えた。
表3は、各用量のコホートに関しての薬物動態学的パラメータの評価を提供する。平均値CmaxおよびAUClast値は、良好な性質の抗体と一致する正確な線形用量依存性を呈する。長い半減期を伴う薬剤は、安定で、一定した状態の血液レベルを達成するための低頻度の投与スケジュールを可能にする。DX-2930は、すべての用量グループを通してほぼ3週間の一定した半減期の延長を示した。
有効な予防のための、有効性の必要条件は、関連する薬剤標的が連続的に、必要とされる最小値の量を超えるレベルで阻害されることである。阻害範囲のギャップは最小限であるか完全に回避されるべきである。阻害レベルが必要とされる最小値レベルを下回る場合、個体は病理過程の活性化に対して生物学的に不安定であり、疾患事象に関する臨床的なリスクがある可能性がある。
複数回の用量のDX-2930を、以下の用量:0.1mg/kg、0.3mg/kg、1mg/kg、または3mg/kgでHAE患者に投与する。図2は、用量3mg/kgのDX-2930を反復して投与した後に達成されると予測される血漿中濃度を提供する。初期の濃度プロファイルは、健常な対象での単回用量投与で観察されたプロファイルと一致する。
方法
エカランチドおよびDX-2930によるpKalのin vitro阻害を、合成基質アッセイを使用して評価した。モデリングを、健常な対象におけるDX-2930の単回の上昇する用量での皮下投与試験からの薬物動態学的(PK)データを使用して行った。
In vitroでのpKalアッセイでは、DX-2930およびエカランチドは、80nMの濃度で同等な薬力学的(PD)活性を呈した。80nM未満のpKal阻害剤の血漿中濃度は、部分的な予防効果のみを提示し、低用量仮説よりも中度用量および高用量の仮説に対するさらなる証拠をもたらした。よって、約80nMを超えるDX-2930の薬剤レベルを継続的に維持することは、中度の用量の仮説により説明されるpKalの阻害レベルに達するはずである。PKモデリングは、慢性DX-2930投与が、2週間ごとに100mg(または4週間ごとに300mg)を用いて80nM超、および2週間ごとに300mgを用いて200nM超の安定した状態の血漿中薬剤濃度をもたらすことを示す。
本明細書に開示されるすべての特性は、任意の組み合わせで組み合わせてもよい。本明細書に開示される各特性は、同一、均等、または類似の目的を果たす代替的な特性により交換されてもよい。よって、特段他の記載が明確にない限り、開示されている各特性は、単なる、一般的な形式の均等または類似の特性の例である。
Claims (15)
- 遺伝性血管浮腫(HAE)の治療に使用するための医薬組成物であって、
前記組成物は、活性血漿カリクレインを結合する抗体を含み、前記組成物は、その必要のある対象に、前記対象の前記抗体の血漿中濃度が約80nM超であるような有効量で投与され、前記抗体の有効量が、約100mgまたは300mgであり、前記抗体は、配列番号3に記載の重鎖可変領域配列および配列番号4に記載の軽鎖可変領域配列を含み、
前記抗体は、2週間ごとに100mgで投与されるか、
前記抗体は、2週間ごとに300mgで投与されるか、または、
前記抗体は、4週間ごとに300mgで投与される、医薬組成物。 - 前記抗体は皮下投与される、かつ/または、前記抗体は予防治療のために投与される、請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記対象が、HAEを有する、または有する疑いのある、またはHAEのリスクがあるヒトの患者である、請求項1または2に記載の医薬組成物。
- 遺伝性血管性浮腫(HAE)の治療に使用するための医薬組成物であって、
前記組成物は、活性血漿カリクレインを結合する抗体を含み、前記組成物は、その必要のある対象に、約100mgまたは300mgの抗体の有効量で、複数回の用量を2つの連続する投与の各々を少なくとも2週間離して投与され、前記抗体は、配列番号3に記載の重鎖可変領域配列および配列番号4に記載の軽鎖可変領域配列を含み、
前記抗体は、2週間ごとに100mgで投与されるか、
前記抗体は、2週間ごとに300mgで投与されるか、または、
前記抗体は、4週間ごとに300mgで投与される、医薬組成物。 - 前記抗体が、完全長の抗体またはその抗原結合性フラグメントである、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記組成物は、月単位で投与される、請求項4または5に記載の医薬組成物。
- 遺伝性血管性浮腫(HAE)の治療に使用するための医薬組成物であって、
前記組成物は、活性血漿カリクレインを結合する抗体を含み、前記組成物は、第1の用量でその必要のある対象に投与され、次に、第2の用量が投与され、前記第1の用量、前記第2の用量、またはその両方が、約100mgまたは300mgであり、前記抗体は、配列番号3に記載の重鎖可変領域配列および配列番号4に記載の軽鎖可変領域配列を含み、
前記抗体は、2週間ごとに100mgで投与されるか、
前記抗体は、2週間ごとに300mgで投与されるか、または、
前記抗体は、4週間ごとに300mgで投与され、
ただし、前記第1の用量の投与後、前記抗体の血漿中濃度が約80nM未満である場合にのみ第2の用量が投与される、医薬組成物。 - 前記抗体が、完全長の抗体またはその抗原結合性フラグメントである、請求項7に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記投与が、皮下投与である、請求項7または8に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記対象が、HAEを有している、有する疑いがある、またはHAEのリスクがあるヒトの患者である、請求項7~9のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 対象において遺伝性血管性浮腫(HAE)の治療に使用するための医薬組成物であって、
前記医薬組成物は、活性血漿カリクレインを結合する抗体を含み、前記組成物は、初期の用量でその必要のある対象に投与され、
約80nM超で前記抗体の血漿中濃度を維持する前記組成物の用量が前記対象に対する最適な用量として選択され、
前記初期の用量、前記最適な用量、またはその両方が、約100mgまたは300mgであり、前記抗体は、配列番号3に記載の重鎖可変領域配列および配列番号4に記載の軽鎖可変領域配列を含み、
前記抗体は、2週間ごとに100mgで投与されるか、
前記抗体は、2週間ごとに300mgで投与されるか、または、
前記抗体は、4週間ごとに300mgで投与される、医薬組成物。 - 遺伝性血管性浮腫(HAE)の治療に使用するための医薬組成物であって、
前記組成物は、活性血漿カリクレインを結合し、かつ任意にプレカリクレインを結合しない抗体を含み、前記組成物は、1回または複数回の用量が対象に投与され、次に、さらなる用量が投与され、前記1回または複数回の用量が、約100mgまたは300mgであり、前記抗体は、配列番号3に記載の重鎖可変領域配列および配列番号4に記載の軽鎖可変領域配列を含み、
前記抗体は、2週間ごとに100mgで投与されるか、
前記抗体は、2週間ごとに300mgで投与されるか、または、
前記抗体は、4週間ごとに300mgで投与され、
ただし、前記さらなる用量は、最後の投与の後に前記対象中の前記抗体による血漿カリクレインの阻害レベルが最小治療レベルよりも小さい場合にのみ投与される、医薬組成物。 - 前記抗体が、完全長の抗体またはその抗原結合性フラグメントである、請求項11または12に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記投与が、皮下投与である、請求項11~13のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記対象が、HAEを有している、有する疑いがある、またはHAEのリスクがあるヒトの患者である、請求項11~14のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物。
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