JP7146212B2 - Low insect-attracting light-emitting device, display device, low insect-attracting light-emitting method and display method - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a low insect-attracting light-emitting device, a display device, a low insect-attracting light-emitting method, and a display method.

The compound eyes of many insects have receptors highly sensitive to wavelengths around 350 nm and receptors highly sensitive to wavelengths around 530 nm. Therefore, insects are attracted to a large amount of light used by humans, which may cause inconvenience.

Therefore, a technology related to light that reduces the attraction of flying insects has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 1). Patent Document 1 proposes an illumination device in which the emission intensity is substantially zero in the wavelength band of 480 to 520 nm.

JP 2012-174538 A

In the technique described in Patent Document 1, an LED (Light Emitting Diode) emits light having a blue peak wavelength in the purple-blue wavelength band, and a wavelength conversion element and a band-stop filter are used to obtain a wavelength of 480 to 520 nm. The luminescence intensity in the band is assumed to be zero. For this reason, the spectrum of the illumination light obtained by the technique described in Patent Document 1 is limited to some extent, and the degree of freedom in designing the color of the light is small, so there is room for improvement in convenience.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to obtain highly convenient light while reducing insect attraction.

In order to achieve the above object, the low insect-attracting light-emitting device according to the first aspect of the present invention includes:
a light emitting means for emitting light;
a control means for generating flickering light by controlling the intensity of light emitted by the light emitting means;
The waveform of the intensity of the flicker light contains more specific frequency components than other frequency components according to the type of target insect, which lowers the attraction rate compared to when the light emitting means emits continuous light,
The specific frequency component is a component with a frequency of 60 Hz or higher .

It is preferable that the specific frequency component has a frequency lower than the critical fusion frequency of the insect.

The specific frequency component preferably has a frequency of S/(2L) Hz or higher, where S is the flying speed of the insect and L is the distance from the insect to the light emitting means.

It is desirable that the duty ratio of the waveform is 50% or less.

It is preferable that the flicker light includes a continuous light component, which is a component of light visually recognized as continuous light by the insect.

In order to achieve the above object, the low insect-attracting light-emitting device according to the second aspect of the present invention includes:
a light emitting means for emitting light;
a control means for generating flickering light by controlling the intensity of light emitted by the light emitting means;
The waveform of the intensity of the flicker light contains more specific frequency components than other frequency components according to the type of target insect, which lowers the attraction rate compared to when the light emitting means emits continuous light,
The flicker light includes a continuous light component that is a component of light that is visually recognized as continuous light by the insect,
A ratio of the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the flicker light intensity to the maximum value is 50% or more,
The minimum value is 1.0×10 ¹⁰ photons/cm ² /sec or more when viewed from a point 2 m away .

a ratio of the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the flicker light intensity to the maximum value is 15% or less,
The minimum value is preferably 1.0×10 ¹⁰ photons/cm ² /sec or more when viewed from a point 2 m away.

The flicker light includes a flicker component, which is a light component corresponding to the specific frequency component, and the continuous light component,
It is desirable that the flicker component and the continuous light component have different spectral spectra.

The ratio of the area of the overlapping portion of the first spectrum, which is the spectral spectrum of the flicker component, and the second spectrum, which is the spectral spectrum of the continuous light component, to the area of the first spectrum is 40% or less,
A ratio of the area of the overlapping portion to the area of the second spectrum is preferably 40% or less.

Among the peaks of the spectral spectrum, the peak wavelength of the first peak with the shortest peak wavelength is W1, the light intensity value of the first peak is In1, the peak wavelength of the second peak with the longest peak wavelength is W2, and the above When the value of the light intensity of the second peak is In2, from the first wavelength that is a wavelength shorter than W1 and the light intensity of the spectral spectrum is equal to In1/2, the light of the spectral spectrum that is a wavelength longer than W2 Using the width up to the second wavelength at which the intensity is equal to In2/2 as an index value,
It is preferable that the index value of the flicker component is 1/3 or less of the index value of the continuous light component.

The light intensity value corresponding to the wavelength range from 500 nm to 600 nm in the spectral spectrum of the flicker component is preferably smaller than the optical intensity value in the spectral spectrum of the continuous light component.

The light emitting means
a first light emitting means for emitting light having the specific frequency component;
a second light emitting means for emitting light of the continuous light component;
It is desirable to have

It is desirable that the distance between the first light emitting means and the second light emitting means is 5 cm or less.

one or a plurality of the first light emitting means are arranged in a first region on the surface of the support member;
It is preferable that one or a plurality of the second light emitting means are arranged in a second area different from the first area on the surface.

It is preferable that the first light emitting means and the second light emitting means are alternately arranged on the supporting member.

Preferably, a plurality of the first light emitting means are arranged so as to surround at least a part of the plurality of the second light emitting means.

It is desirable that the first light emitting means be arranged vertically below the light emitting surface formed by the second light emitting means.

It is desirable that the first light emitting means be arranged vertically above the second light emitting means.

It is preferable that the first light-emitting means and the second light-emitting means irradiate light so that at least one of the surface to be irradiated and the irradiation direction is different.

It is desirable to further include reflecting means for reflecting the light emitted by the first light emitting means.

In order to achieve the above object, a display device according to a third aspect of the present invention includes:
a light emitting means for emitting light;
a control means for generating flickering light by controlling the intensity of light emitted by the light emitting means;
and a display means for emitting the flicker light,
The waveform of the intensity of the flicker light contains more specific frequency components than other frequency components according to the type of target insect, which reduces the attraction rate compared to when the light emitting means emits continuous light,
The light emitting means
a first light emitting means for emitting light having the specific frequency component;
a second light emitting means for emitting light that is visually recognized as continuous light by the insect,
The display means is
a first display means irradiated with light emitted by the first light emitting means;
and a second display means irradiated with the light emitted by the second light emitting means,
The first display means is arranged vertically above the second display means .

It is desirable to further include light shielding means for blocking the light on the path from the origin of the light emitted by the light emitting means to the viewer of the display means.

It is preferable that the first light-emitting device and the second light-emitting device irradiate light so that at least one of the illuminated surface and the irradiation direction of the display device is different.

The maximum brightness of the display means when the flicker light is applied to the display means is preferably 1.0×10 ¹⁰ photons/cm ² /sec or more when viewed from a point 2 m away.

In order to achieve the above object, a low insect-attracting luminescence method according to a fourth aspect of the present invention comprises:
a control step of generating flickering light by controlling the intensity of light emitted by the light emitting means;
The waveform of the intensity of the flicker light contains more specific frequency components than other frequency components according to the type of target insect, which lowers the attraction rate compared to when the light emitting means emits continuous light,
The specific frequency component is a component with a frequency of 60 Hz or higher .
In order to achieve the above object, the low insect-attracting luminescence method according to the fifth aspect of the present invention comprises:
a control step of generating flickering light by controlling the intensity of light emitted by the light emitting means;
The waveform of the intensity of the flicker light contains more specific frequency components than other frequency components according to the type of target insect, which lowers the attraction rate compared to when the light emitting means emits continuous light,
A ratio of the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the flicker light intensity to the maximum value is 50% or more,
The minimum value is 1.0×10 ¹⁰ photons/cm ² /sec or more when viewed from a point 2 m away .

In order to achieve the above object, a display method according to a sixth aspect of the present invention comprises:
generating flickering light by controlling the intensity of light emitted by the light emitting means;
irradiating a display means with the flicker light,
The waveform of the intensity of the flicker light contains more specific frequency components than other frequency components according to the type of target insect, which lowers the attraction rate compared to when the light emitting means emits continuous light,
The light emitting means
a first light emitting means for emitting light having the specific frequency component;
a second light emitting means for emitting light that is visually recognized as continuous light by the insect,
The display means is
a first display means irradiated with light emitted by the first light emitting means;
and a second display means irradiated with the light emitted by the second light emitting means,
The first display means is arranged vertically above the second display means .

According to the present invention, highly convenient light can be obtained while reducing insect attraction.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a scene in which the low insect-attracting light emitting device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention is used; 1 is a diagram showing the configuration of a low insect-attracting light-emitting device according to Embodiment 1. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a waveform pattern according to Embodiment 1; FIG. It is a figure which shows the spectrum of a waveform pattern. 1 is a first diagram showing an experimental environment; FIG. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing changes in attraction rate when frequency is changed; Fig. 2 is a second diagram showing the experimental environment; It is the figure which compared the attraction rate by flicker light and continuous light. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a modification of the waveform pattern according to Embodiment 1; FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a waveform pattern according to Embodiment 2; FIG. It is a figure which shows the change of an attraction factor when changing a duty ratio. FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a modification of the waveform pattern according to Embodiment 2; FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a waveform pattern according to Embodiment 3; FIG. FIG. 10 is a diagram showing changes in attraction rate when modulation depth is changed; FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the ratio of behavior of individuals when the light intensity is changed; FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the configuration of a low insect-attracting light emitting device according to Embodiment 4; FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the spectrum of light emitted from the low insect-attracting light emitting device according to Embodiment 4; FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a wavelength spectrum when the flicker light is ultraviolet light, with respect to the change in the attraction rate when the wavelength of the flicker light is changed. FIG. 18B is a diagram showing the attraction factor when the frequency of flicker light is changed when the light shown in FIG. 18A is used; It is a figure which shows a wavelength spectrum when flicker light is made into blue light. FIG. 18B is a diagram showing the attraction factor when the frequency and duty ratio of flicker light are changed when the light shown in FIG. 18C is used; It is a figure which shows a wavelength spectrum when flicker light is made into green light. 18E is a diagram showing the attraction factor when the frequency and duty ratio of flicker light are changed when the light shown in FIG. 18E is used; FIG. FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the spectrum of continuous light and the spectrum when both flicker light and continuous light are emitted, in a selection experiment of mixed-color light and white light. FIG. 4 shows the results of the first selection experiment; It is a figure which shows the conditions which emit white continuous light. FIG. 11 shows the results of a second selection experiment; It is a figure which shows the case where mixed-color light is emitted. FIG. 13 shows the results of a third selection experiment; FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the configuration of a low insect-attracting light-emitting device according to Embodiment 5; FIG. 11 is a first diagram showing a modification of the low insect-attracting light emitting device according to Embodiment 5; FIG. 12 is a second diagram showing a modification of the low insect-attracting light emitting device according to Embodiment 5; FIG. 13 is a third diagram showing a modification of the low insect-attracting light emitting device according to Embodiment 5; FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the configuration of a low insect-attracting light-emitting device according to Embodiment 6; FIG. 11 is a first diagram showing a modification of the low insect-attracting light emitting device according to Embodiment 6; FIG. 12 is a second diagram showing a modification of the low insect-attracting light emitting device according to Embodiment 6; FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a configuration of a display device according to Embodiment 7; FIG. 20 is a diagram showing the configuration of a display device according to an eighth embodiment; 3 is a third diagram showing the experimental environment; FIG. It is a figure which shows the change of an attraction rate when the elevation/depression angle of a light source is changed. It is a figure which shows the light irradiated to a display part. FIG. 11 is a first diagram showing the configuration of a low insect-attracting light-emitting device according to Embodiment 9; FIG. 12 is a second diagram showing the configuration of the low insect-attracting light emitting device according to Embodiment 9; Fig. 3 shows a display facility; FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of a scene in which the low insect-attracting light emitting device is applied;

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In the description, the unit of light intensity (brightness) is the number of photons per unit area per unit time [photons/cm ² /sec] or [photons/m ² /sec]. The commonly used units such as lumens and candela are psychophysical quantities based on humans, and are not suitable as units of light that can be seen by insects, which have different spectral sensitivities than humans, and insects receive photons. Considering the mechanism by which light is perceived by the receptor, the number of photons is adopted as the unit of light intensity (brightness).

Embodiment 1.
FIG. 1 shows an example of a scene in which a low insect-attracting light-emitting device 10 according to this embodiment is used. As shown in FIG. 1, the low-insect-attracting light-emitting device 10 is used as a light source for a lighting device 101 that illuminates roads or facilities. In general, various insects are attracted to light, so the lighting device 101 also attracts insects. On the other hand, the low insect-attracting light-emitting device 10 is a device that reduces the insect attraction rate by flickering to such an extent that insects can visually recognize the flicker.

The low insect-attracting light-emitting device 10 in this embodiment is a so-called LED light bulb, as shown in FIG. The low-insect-attracting light-emitting device 10 includes a light-emitting portion 11 as a light-emitting means for emitting light, a support portion 12 as a supporting member for supporting the light-emitting portion 11, a driving portion 13 for driving the light-emitting portion 11, and a light-transmitting cover. 14 and .

The light emitting unit 11 includes a plurality of light emitting elements 11a as light sources. The light-emitting elements 11 a are LEDs, arranged side by side at predetermined positions on the support section 12 , and emit light according to power supplied from the driving section 13 . The light emitted from the light emitting section 11 is transmitted outward through the cover 14 and diffused as indicated by the solid line arrows in FIG. The support portion 12 is a substrate formed containing resin, but is not limited to this, and may be a pedestal formed mainly of metal.

The drive unit 13 is an electric circuit including, for example, an RC oscillation circuit, and is mounted on a printed wiring board. The drive unit 13 causes the light emitting unit 11 to emit light by supplying power to the LED 11a based on power supplied from the base of the low insect-attracting light emitting device 10 . By controlling the intensity of the light emitted by the light emitting unit 11, the driving unit 13 changes the intensity of the light with a waveform pattern containing a specific frequency component. In other words, the driving section 13 functions as control means for controlling the intensity of the light emitted by the light emitting section 11 . The specific frequency component is a frequency component that is predetermined according to the type of insect whose attraction rate is to be lowered. In this embodiment, for example, in order to reduce the attraction rate of certain coleoptera, a waveform pattern is used that includes a frequency component of 100 Hz, which is lower than 400 Hz, which is the critical fusion frequency for flicker light of the coleoptera. The critical fusion frequency corresponds to a frequency at which flickering can be visually recognized, and light flickering at a frequency higher than the critical fusion frequency is visually recognized as continuous light. The critical fusion frequency for flicker light is obtained electrophysiologically. In addition, below, the critical fusion frequency is also described as CFF (Critical Fusion Frequency) as appropriate (FIG. 6, etc.).

FIG. 3 exemplifies a waveform pattern in which the light intensity changes under the control of the driving section 13. As shown in FIG. The waveform pattern shown in FIG. 3 is a 40 ms waveform pattern in which light blinks at a period of 10 ms with a lighting period of 5 ms and a lighting period of 5 ms. The waveform during the lighting period is a rectangular pulse, and the intensity of the light emitted by the low insect-attracting light emitting device 10 during the lighting period is about 1.0×10 ¹³ photons/cm ² /sec. Since the drive unit 13 changes the light intensity so that this waveform pattern is repeated, the low insect-attracting light-emitting device 10 repeats blinking at a cycle of 10 ms using an RC circuit.

FIG. 4 shows the amplitude spectrum of the waveform pattern shown in FIG. As can be seen from FIG. 4, the waveform pattern of FIG. 3 contains frequency components of 100 Hz. Specifically, the spectrum of the waveform pattern in FIG. 3 has a peak at 100 Hz, and this peak value is the maximum value of the spectrum.

As described above, the low-insect-attracting light-emitting device 10 changes the light intensity mainly in a waveform pattern containing more frequency components of 100 Hz than other frequency components. Since the frequency component of 100 Hz is a component whose frequency is lower than the critical fusion frequency for flicker light of a certain type of coleoptera, the light emitted by the low insect-attracting light emitting device 10 flickers and is visually recognized by the coleoptera. becomes. In the following description, flicker light refers to light whose intensity changes in a waveform pattern that includes a component with a frequency lower than the critical fusion frequency of the type of insect whose attraction rate is to be lowered. The low-insect-attracting light-emitting device 10 according to the present embodiment generates flicker light by controlling the intensity of light, and emits flicker light corresponding to the coleoptera, thereby reducing the attraction rate of coleoptera. . The effects of using the low insect-attracting light-emitting device 10 according to the present embodiment will be described below.

FIG. 5 shows the experimental environment used to verify the fact that flicker light reduces the insect attraction rate. The inventors placed a 30 cm square LED panel light source 201 (LDL-TP-300 series manufactured by CCS) in the center of a 60 cm square black background plate 202 and fixed it so as to be parallel to the vertical line. Light was emitted so that the surface had a light intensity of 1.0×10 ¹³ photons/cm ² /sec. Then, the inventors flew a stink bug (Chavane stinkbug) that had been dark-adapted for at least one hour from a flight position 203 at a height of 100 cm above the ground and 200 cm away from the center of the LED panel light source 201 . When the flying stink bug individual reached the LED panel light source 201 or the black background plate 202, it was determined as "attracted", and when it did not reach, it was determined as "not attracted". An individual that did not fly within 1 minute after being in a flightable state was determined as "failed to fly" and was not used as an individual for calculating the attraction rate. Further, the verification was performed in a 4m square laboratory covered with black curtains. The room temperature in the laboratory was 23-25° C. and the humidity was 40-80%. In the above experimental environment, the inventors verified the stink bug attraction rate when changing the conditions of the wavelength of the light emitted by the LED panel light source 201 and the blinking frequency of this light.

FIG. 6 shows the verification result of the attraction rate. The light with a frequency of zero Hz in FIG. 6 means continuous light, and for stink bugs it is equivalent to light that cannot be visually recognized by increasing the frequency. placed on the side. As shown in FIG. 6, under any conditions using monochromatic light with wavelengths of 375 nm, 450 nm, 470 nm, 525 nm, 590 nm, and 630 nm and mixed light with wavelengths of 460 nm and 570 nm, the lower the frequency, the higher the attraction rate. declining. In particular, when the frequency is lower than CFF, the reduction in attractiveness becomes significant. Since all flying stink bugs face the direction of the light source, this phenomenon is considered to be the result of hindrance of target localization of stink bugs with respect to the light source, rather than avoidance of light. From this, it is inferred that light that flickers at a frequency lower than the insect's critical fusion frequency reduces the attraction rate of the insect.

In addition, the inventors conducted selection experiments between flicker light and continuous light. As shown in FIG. 7, this selection experiment was performed in an experimental environment in which a black background plate 205 centering an LED panel light source 204 was added to the experimental environment in FIG. The LED panel light source 204 and the black background plate 205 were arranged so that the angle with the LED panel light source 201 was 60° when viewed from the flying position 203 and the distance from the flying position was 200 cm. In this experimental environment, the inventors caused both LED panel light sources 201 and 204 to emit ultraviolet light, one being a continuous light source and the other a flickering light source with a frequency of 30 Hz and the same brightness.

Selection experiments resulted in all individuals being attracted to a continuous light source, as shown in FIG. From this, it can be said that insects are overwhelmingly attracted to the continuous light source when both the continuous light source and the flicker light source emit light. That is, it can be seen that the flicker light source is less attractive to insects than the continuous light source.

As mentioned above, the attraction factor becomes smaller when the frequency is lower than CFF, but the continuous light includes light whose frequency is higher than CFF. This is because insects recognize the light from the light source as continuous light if the frequency is higher than the CFF. On the other hand, continuous light refers to light whose frequency is 0 or close to 0. Therefore, the inventors considered how high the frequency of light from 0 lowers the attraction factor.

Assuming that the reason for the low insect attraction rate is that the insects lose sight of the light source during flight, the insects take off when the light source is bright, and if the light source becomes dark during the flight time, the insects will not be able to reach the light source. This increases the possibility of losing sight of the light source and causing localization inhibition. Therefore, the lowest frequency below the CFF that has the effect of lowering the attraction rate is the distance between the light source and the insect and the flight time of the insect as parameters, and the light is not visible until the insect reaches the light source. It becomes a frequency corresponding to the time when it changes to dark.

To try to formulate this, let S be the flying speed of the insect, L be the distance to the light source, let the light intensity of the light source be sinusoidal, and let the insect take off when the light source is brightest. reaches the light source at the darkest time, first, the time for the insect to reach the light source is L/S. Since this time is the time from bright to the darkest, the time for one cycle of light from the light source is 2L/S. Therefore, the frequency is S/(2L). From this, it can be said that the frequency that has the effect of lowering the attraction rate is above S/(2L) and below CFF. When designing the low insect-attracting light-emitting device 10, L may be the longest distance from the low insect-attracting light-emitting device 10 to the insect whose attraction rate is to be lowered. For example, for the low insect-attracting light-emitting device 10 illustrated in FIG. 1, if it is desired to reduce the attraction of insects within 3 m, L should be 3 m.

In the experimental system of FIG. 5, the stink bug's average flying speed is 1 m/s, and the distance to the light source is 2 m. Therefore, in the case of the stinkbug, it can be said that there is an effect of lowering the attraction rate at a frequency of 0.25 Hz or more and CFF or less.

As can be seen from the above experiments, the low insect-attracting light-emitting device 10 according to the present embodiment can reduce the insect attraction rate by emitting flicker light. When the low-insect-attracting light-emitting device 10 with a low insect-attracting rate is used, for example, as lighting for use at night, it is possible to avoid situations in which insects gather around the lighting and interfere with the intended use of the lighting. For example, by using the low-insect-attracting light-emitting device 10 for lighting the entrances and exits of vending machines and stores, it is possible to reduce the discomfort caused by gathering insects and spiders, and to reduce the contamination of facilities by these insects. Furthermore, since the attraction rate of insects is lowered, insects are not captured or killed. As a result, the impact on the ecosystem can be reduced compared to insect traps that actively attract insects.

Also, the low insect-attracting light-emitting device 10 blinked at a frequency of 100 Hz. Since this frequency is higher than 60 Hz, which corresponds to the critical fusion frequency of humans, the light from the low insect-attracting light-emitting device 10 is visually recognized as continuous light by humans. Therefore, it is possible to maintain a comfortable environment for humans without flickering the field of vision of humans.

Moreover, since the critical fusion frequency differs depending on the type of insect, it is preferable to blink at a frequency corresponding to the type of insect whose attraction rate is to be reduced. For example, it is known that the critical fusion frequency of animals is about 10 to 400 Hz, the critical fusion frequency of arachnids is about 10 Hz, and the critical fusion frequency of flying insects is about 100 to 300 Hz. It is

In addition, since the flicker light mainly contains frequency components to reduce the attraction rate of insects, the degree of freedom in designing the color of the light is high. Therefore, highly convenient light can be obtained while reducing the attraction of insects.

Note that the waveform pattern in which the light intensity changes in this embodiment is not limited to that shown in FIG. 3, and may be modified. FIG. 9 shows a modification of the waveform pattern. The waveform pattern illustrated in FIG. 9 is formed by combining a lighting period of 5 ms and a lighting period of 5 ms, and its amplitude spectrum contains relatively many frequency components of 100 Hz.

Moreover, although the case where the waveform pattern of the same waveform is repeated has been described, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, waveform patterns containing relatively many frequency components of 100 Hz but having different waveforms may be combined to change the light intensity. As a result, the low insect-attracting light-emitting device 10 blinks quasi-periodically.

In addition, although the waveform pattern in which the light intensity changes has been described as including a specific frequency component, at least one or a plurality of lighting periods of a certain length or longer and one or a plurality of A waveform pattern may be defined to include both a non-lighting period of a certain length or longer. The fixed length is a length corresponding to the critical fusion frequency of the target insect whose attraction rate is to be lowered. It suffices if a light-off period of 25 ms or longer is included. If the waveform pattern is defined in this manner, the driving section 13 can be configured using a timer circuit instead of the RC oscillation circuit.

Moreover, although the case where the drive part 13 functions as a control means which controls light intensity was demonstrated, it is not limited to this. For example, if a reflecting plate such as a mirror is placed around the light emitting unit 11 that emits a constant amount of light, and this reflecting plate is rotated around the center of the light emitting unit 11, the low insect-attracting light emitting device 10 can be used as a rotating light. Become. If the frequency of this rotation is 100 Hz, insects will see the flickering light and humans will see the continuous light.

Moreover, although the case where the light intensity changes with a waveform pattern made up of rectangular waves has been described, the present invention is not limited to this. If the insect can visually recognize the flicker, the intensity of the light may be changed with a waveform pattern using various waveforms represented by a triangular wave and a sine wave. Also, the light intensity waveform has been described as including more specific frequency components whose frequencies are lower than the critical fusion frequency than other frequency components. This waveform may consist of only certain frequency components. In other words, other frequency components may be equal to zero. That is, the light intensity waveform may be a sine wave of a specific frequency.

Embodiment 2.
Next, Embodiment 2 of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In addition, about the same or equivalent structure as Embodiment 1, while using equivalent code|symbol, the description is abbreviate|omitted or simplified. The low insect-attracting light emitting device 10 according to the present embodiment differs from that according to the first embodiment in that the duty ratio of the waveform pattern in which the light intensity changes is set to a predetermined value.

FIG. 10 shows a waveform pattern of light intensity according to this embodiment. This waveform pattern has a waveform similar to the waveform pattern of FIG. 3 according to Embodiment 1, and is a waveform pattern in which a period of 10 ms, which is composed of a light-off period of 5 ms or more and a lighting period of 5 ms or less, is repeated. is. The duty ratio is calculated as T1/T2 using the period T1 at which the pulse appears and the pulse width T2. The waveform pattern according to the present embodiment is set such that the duty ratio is equal to or less than a predetermined reference value. This reference value is, for example, 50%.

As described above, the waveform pattern according to the present embodiment is determined so that the duty ratio is equal to or less than the reference value. The low-insect-attracting light-emitting device 10 that blinks in this waveform pattern can reduce the insect attraction rate. The effects of using the low insect-attracting light-emitting device 10 according to the present embodiment will be described below.

FIG. 11 shows the result of verification by the inventors of the effect of the duty ratio on the attraction factor. This verification result was obtained by verifying the stink bug attraction rate when the conditions of frequency and duty ratio were changed in the experimental environment shown in FIG. As can be seen from FIG. 11, at a frequency of 120 Hz, even if the duty ratio is changed, the attraction factor does not change significantly, but at frequencies of 60 Hz and 30 Hz, the attraction factor decreases as the duty ratio decreases. In particular, when the duty ratio becomes 50% or less, the attraction rate is remarkably lowered.

As can be seen from this verification result, when blinking at a frequency smaller than the value of the critical fusion frequency, by changing the light intensity in a waveform pattern with a duty ratio of, for example, a reference value of 50% or less, low insect attraction It is expected that the light emitting device 10 will surely reduce the insect attraction rate.

The pulse width for calculating the duty ratio is defined as the full width at half maximum of the pulse. FIG. 12 shows the pulse width T2 when using a pulse generated by rectifying a sine wave. When the pulse of FIG. 12 is used, the value of pulse width T2/period T1 is smaller than 50%, so it is considered that the insect attraction rate can be reduced.

Embodiment 3.
Next, Embodiment 3 of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In addition, about the same or equivalent structure as Embodiment 1, while using equivalent code|symbol, the description is abbreviate|omitted or simplified. In the low insect-attracting light-emitting device 10 according to the present embodiment, instead of a light-out period in which the light intensity is zero, a dimmed light-out period in which the light intensity is small is provided so that the light emitted from the low insect-attracting light-emitting device 10 is visually recognized as continuous light by insects. It is different from that according to the first embodiment in that it includes a continuous light component, which is a component of light that is reflected in the light.

FIG. 13 shows a waveform pattern of light intensity according to this embodiment. In FIG. 13, regions corresponding to continuous light components are hatched. This waveform pattern is a waveform pattern in which a period of 10 ms consisting of a 5 ms dimming period and a 5 ms lighting period is repeated, and its modulation depth is set based on a predetermined reference value. For example, the modulation depth is set to a reference value of 50% or more or a reference value of 15% or less. The modulation depth MD is the ratio of the difference between the maximum value Vmax and the minimum value Vmin of the light intensity to the maximum value Vmax, and is calculated by the formula MD = (Vmax - Vmin) / Vmax. .

The drive unit 13 according to the present embodiment weakens the light intensity during the dimmed period by limiting the current flowing through the light emitting unit 11 during the dimmed period. However, the intensity of light emitted from the low insect-attracting light emitting device 10 during the dimmed period is set to 1.0×10 ¹⁰ photons/cm ² /sec or more.

As described above, the light emitted by the low insect-attracting light emitting device 10 according to the present embodiment includes a continuous light component, and the modulation depth of the waveform pattern in which the light intensity changes is set based on the reference value. The low-insect-attracting light-emitting device 10 in which the light intensity changes in this waveform pattern can reduce the insect attraction rate. The effects of using the low insect-attracting light-emitting device 10 according to the present embodiment will be described below.

FIG. 14 shows the results of verification by the inventors of the influence of the modulation depth on the attraction rate. This verification result was obtained by verifying the attraction rate of the stinkbug when the conditions of frequency and modulation depth were changed in the experimental environment shown in FIG. In FIG. 14, zero Hz means continuous light and "MD" represents modulation depth. As can be seen from FIG. 14, the attraction rate decreases as the modulation depth increases. In particular, when the modulation depth is 50% or more, the attraction rate drops significantly. Here, the attraction rate with continuous light is about 80%, and the attraction rate when the modulation depth is 50% is about 60%. That is, when the modulation depth is 50% or more, the attraction rate decreases by 25% (=(80-60)/80) or more compared to the condition of continuous light, and the reduction in the attraction rate is guaranteed to some extent. it is conceivable that.

As can be seen from this verification result, it is expected that the low insect-attracting light-emitting device 10 reliably lowers the insect attraction rate by changing the light intensity with a waveform pattern in which the modulation depth is set to a reference value of, for example, 50% or more. be.

It is known that humans can perceive flicker when the modulation depth is 15% or more. Therefore, even if the waveform pattern has a frequency lower than the human critical fusion frequency, if the value of the modulation depth is set to 15% or less, the insect attraction rate can be reduced to some extent without causing the human to visually recognize the flicker. can.

The inventors also verified the light intensity that insects can visually recognize. Specifically, this verification is performed in the experimental environment shown in FIG. This was done by obtaining the percentages of "attracted" and "did not fly". As can be seen from the verification results shown in FIG. 15, when the brightness of the surface of the LED panel light source 201 is 1.0×10 ¹⁰ photons/cm ² /sec or less, the attracting rate of stink bugs is significantly reduced, The number of individuals judged as "not flying" is increasing rapidly. From this, it can be said that the lower limit of the light intensity of the light emitter that can be visually recognized by stink bugs is approximately 1.0×10 ¹⁰ photons/cm ² /sec. Furthermore, it is considered that flying insects similar to the stinkbug have approximately the same lower limit.

Regarding the waveform pattern shown in FIG. 13, when the intensity of the light in the dimmed period becomes so low that it cannot be visually recognized by insects, the waveform pattern visually recognized by insects has substantially a modulation depth of 100%. There is a risk that the effect of setting based on the reference value will be lost. Therefore, it is appropriate that the intensity of the light emitted from the low insect-attracting light-emitting device 10 in the dimmed period is 1.0×10 ¹⁰ photons/cm ² /sec or more, which is the lower limit value described above.

It should be noted that when an insect whose attraction rate is to be lowered is positioned far from the low insect-attracting light emitting device 10, the modulation depth of the waveform pattern visually recognized by this insect is considered to be 100%. When the modulation depth reaches 100%, the attraction rate drops significantly as shown in FIG. Therefore, setting the lower limit as described above is particularly effective for reliably lowering the attraction rate of insects located relatively near the low insect-attracting light-emitting device 10 .

Further, although the light emitted by the low insect-attracting light-emitting device 10 has been described as including a continuous light component that is a continuous light equivalent to the amount of light in the dimmed period, it is not limited to this. For example, the continuous light component may be a component of light having a frequency higher than the critical fusion frequency of the insect whose attraction rate is to be lowered, and a component that the insect visually recognizes as substantially continuous light. Similarly, the light during the lighting period of the flicker light may also be a light component with a frequency higher than the critical fusion frequency. When the modulation depth is set to 15% or less, it can be said that the frequency component with zero frequency is dominant over the other frequency components. It suffices if it contains more frequency components than other frequency components.

Embodiment 4.
Next, Embodiment 4 of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Note that the same reference numerals are used for the same or equivalent configurations as in the third embodiment, and the explanations thereof are omitted or simplified. The low insect-attracting light-emitting device 10 according to the present embodiment differs from that according to the third embodiment in that the light-emitting portion 11 has two types of light-emitting elements.

As shown in FIG. 16, the light-emitting portion 11 according to the present embodiment includes a light-emitting element 11a as first light-emitting means for emitting flicker light and a light-emitting element 11b as second light-emitting means for emitting continuous light. have. The flicker light emitted from the low insect-attracting light emitting device 10 includes a flicker component emitted from the light emitting element 11a and a continuous light component emitted from the light emitting element 11b. The light emitting element 11b is an LED with characteristics different from those of the light emitting element 11a. Specifically, the light emitting element 11a is an LED that emits green light, and the light emitting element 11b is an LED that emits white light. The drive unit 13 intermittently supplies power to the light emitting element 11a to cause the light emitting element 11a to output flicker light, and continuously supplies power to the light emitting element 11b to output continuous light to the light emitting element 11b. Let

FIG. 17 shows the wavelength spectrum of the light emitted by each of the light emitting elements 11a and 11b. In FIG. 17, line L1 represents the spectral spectrum of the flicker component by the light emitting element 11a, and line L2 represents the spectral spectrum of the continuous light component by the light emitting element 11b. As shown in FIG. 17, the flicker component and the continuous light component have different spectral spectra.

In FIG. 17, an area A1 corresponds to the entire spectrum of the flicker component, an area A2 corresponds to the entire spectrum of the continuous light component, and an area A3 overlaps the spectrum of the flicker component and the spectrum of the continuous light component. It corresponds to the area of the part. The spectrum of the flicker component is set so that the ratio of the area of the area A3 to the area of the area A1 is equal to or less than a predetermined first reference value, and the spectrum of the continuous light component is set so that the area of the area A3 to the area of the area A2. is set to be equal to or lower than a predetermined second reference value. The first reference value and the second reference value are, for example, 40%. That is, the spectra of the flicker component and the continuous light component are different to such an extent that the area of the overlapping portion is 40% or less. In the example shown in FIG. 17, the ratio of the area of region A3 to the area of region A1 is approximately 33.5%, and the ratio of the area of region A3 to the area of region A2 is approximately 33.0%. .

As for the index values indicating the spread of the spectral spectrum, the index value P1 of the flicker component is set so that the ratio of the index value P2 of the continuous light component to the index value P2 is equal to or less than the third reference value. This third reference value is, for example, 1/3.

The index value indicating the spread of the spectral spectrum is W1 for the first peak with the shortest peak wavelength among the peaks of the spectral spectrum, In1 for the light intensity value of the first peak, and In1 for the value of the light intensity of the first peak. When the peak wavelength of the two peaks is W2 and the value of the light intensity of the second peak is In2, the light intensity of the spectral spectrum is longer than W2 from the first wavelength that is shorter than W1 and the light intensity of the spectral spectrum is equal to In1/2. It is defined as the width up to the second wavelength at which the light intensity of the spectral spectrum is equal to In2/2. The peak wavelengths W1 and W2 and the light intensities In1 and In2 are shown in FIG. 17 as corresponding to the continuous light component. Note that In1a and In2a in FIG. 17 are equal to half the values of In1 and In2, respectively.

If this index value is applied to a unimodal spectrum like the flicker component in FIG. 17, it can be said to be the width of the wavelength where the light intensity is equal to the half value In0a of the peak light intensity In0. This width corresponds to the so-called full width at half maximum. In other words, the above index value can be said to be a generalization of the full width at half maximum so that it can also be applied to multimodal spectra. Therefore, the above index value can of course also be applied to the unimodal spectrum exemplified by the flicker component in FIG. 17, and when applied, the index value is equal to the full width at half maximum. Although the case where the spectrum of the continuous light component is multimodal as illustrated in FIG. 17 has been described, the spectrum based on the index value can also be designed when the spectrum of the continuous light component is unimodal. be able to. That is, by using the index value as described above, the spectrum based on the above-described third reference value can be designed regardless of whether the continuous light component and the flicker component are single-peaked or multi-peaked spectra. can do. Alternatively, two wavelengths among the wavelengths corresponding to the half values of each peak may be combined, and the index value may be defined as the difference between the wavelengths of the combination that maximizes the wavelength difference.

As described above, the light emitting unit 11 according to the present embodiment has the light emitting element 11a that emits flicker light and the light emitting element 11b that emits continuous light. As a result, continuous light can be easily generated because the light emitting element 11a is simply turned off during the dimmed period.

Also, the light spectrums emitted by the light emitting elements 11a and 11b are different. Therefore, the spectrum of the flicker component and the spectrum of the continuous light component forming the light emitted by the low insect-attracting light emitting device 10 are different. As a result, the low insect-attracting light-emitting device 10 can reduce the insect attraction rate. The effect of using the low insect-attracting light-emitting device 10 according to the present embodiment will be described below.

FIGS. 18A to 18F show the results of verification of the attraction factor when the inventors combined monochromatic flicker light and white continuous light. This verification was performed in the experimental environment of FIG. 5 by setting half of the light emitting elements inside the LED panel light source 201 as a light source for flickering light and the other as a light source for continuous light. Here, the LED panel light source 201 corresponds to, for example, a low insect-attracting light emitting device 40 shown in FIG. FIG. 18A shows the wavelength spectrum when the flicker light is ultraviolet light, and FIG. 18B shows the attraction factor when the frequency of the flicker light is changed when the light shown in FIG. 18A is used. FIG. 18C shows the wavelength spectrum when the flicker light is blue light, and FIG. 18D shows the attraction factor when the frequency and duty ratio of the flicker light are changed when the light shown in FIG. 18C is used. ing. FIG. 18E shows the wavelength spectrum when the flicker light is green light, and FIG. 18F shows the attraction factor when the frequency and duty ratio of the flicker light are changed when the light shown in FIG. 18E is used. ing.

In FIGS. 18A, 18C, and 18E, the solid line indicates the spectrum of continuous light, and the dashed line indicates the spectrum when both flicker light and continuous light are emitted. The portion surrounded by the dashed line and the solid line corresponds to the spectrum of the flicker light, and the difference obtained by subtracting the value of the solid line from the value of the dashed line corresponds to the intensity of the flicker light. In addition, zero Hz in FIGS. 18B, 18D, and 18F means a condition in which two continuous lights with different spectra are combined without using flicker light. "DR" in FIGS. 18B, 18D, and 18F means a duty ratio. The spectrum of the light emitted by the low insect-attracting light emitting device 10 according to this embodiment (see FIG. 17) corresponds to that shown in FIG. 18E.

As can be seen from FIGS. 18B, 18D, and 18F, regardless of the color of the flicker light, when the flickering light flickers, the attraction rate is lower than when the insect visually recognizes only continuous light (zero Hz). Also, as can be seen from FIGS. 18D and 18F, the smaller the duty ratio, the smaller the attraction factor. Further, when comparing FIGS. 18B, 18D, and 18F, when the flicker light is changed to green light, the reduction in the attraction rate is more remarkable than when the flicker light is changed to ultraviolet light and blue light.

Furthermore, the inventors conducted a number of selection experiments in which stink bugs were made to select by simultaneously presenting mixed-color light of green flickering light and continuous white light and white light. A first selection experiment involved one light source emitting mixed color light shown in FIG. 18E and the other light source containing white continuous light and white flickering light shown in FIG. 19A in the experimental environment shown in FIG. It was carried out under light emitting conditions. In FIG. 19A, the solid line indicates the spectrum of continuous light, and the dashed line indicates the spectrum when both flicker light and continuous light are emitted. Also, the light shown in FIG. 19A is substantially equivalent to light with a modulation depth of 50% for white. Figure 19B shows the results of this first selection experiment. As can be seen from FIG. 19B, the insect attraction rate is lower when the green flicker light is used than when the white flicker light is used as the flicker light combined with the white continuous light.

A second selection experiment was conducted in the experimental environment shown in FIG. 7 under the condition that one light source emits mixed color light shown in FIG. 18E and the other light source emits white continuous light shown in FIG. 19C. . Figure 19D shows the results of this second selection experiment. As can be seen from FIG. 19D, the light source that additionally presents green flicker light has a lower insect attraction rate than the light source that presents only white continuous light.

A third selection experiment was conducted in the experimental environment shown in FIG. 7 under the condition that one light source emits mixed color light shown in FIG. 18E and the other light source emits white flickering light shown in FIG. 19E. . Figure 19F shows the results of this third selection experiment. As can be seen from FIG. 19F, the light source that presents the mixed color light of white continuous light and green flickering light has a higher insect attraction rate than the light source that presents only white flickering light.

From the experimental results shown in FIGS. 18A to 18F and 19A to 19F, even when the spectral shapes of the flicker component and the continuous light component contained in the light emitted by the low insect-attracting light emitting device 10 are different, the insect attraction rate is reduced to some extent. I understand. As a result, the color of the light visually recognized by humans can be easily set according to the application while reducing the insect attraction rate. For example, mixed light of blue flicker light and white continuous light is perceived by insects as flickering, and by humans as bluish continuous light. According to this, the insect attraction rate can be reduced without setting the light intensity of a specific wavelength of the light emitted by the low insect-attracting light-emitting device 10 to zero. can be secured.

Also, in the present embodiment, spectrums that are different to some extent are set based on the spectrum areas of the continuous light and the flicker light. This is expected to further reduce the insect attraction rate, as shown in FIG. 19B.

In addition, in the present embodiment, spectrums that differ to some extent are set based on index values indicating spreads of the respective spectra of the flicker component and the continuous light component. As shown in FIG. 19B, if the flicker components are concentrated in a relatively narrow wavelength band, it is expected that the insect attraction rate will be further reduced. Therefore, by setting the ratio between the index value of the flicker component and the index value of the continuous light component to be equal to or less than the third reference value, it is expected that the insect attraction rate will be further reduced.

Note that green is a color with high human visibility. For this reason, if a color with a small green component is used as the color of flicker light, it is thought that humans will be less likely to perceive flickering. Therefore, by setting the value of the spectrum of the flicker component corresponding to the range from 500 nm to 600 nm to a value smaller than that of the spectrum of the continuous light component, it is expected that humans will feel less flicker. Furthermore, the spectral value of the flicker component corresponding to the range from 500 nm to 600 nm may be zero. That is, the spectrum of the flicker component may not include light with wavelengths in the range of 500 nm to 600 nm. Also in this case, since the continuous light component may include light with a wavelength in the range of 500 nm to 600 nm, it is possible to secure the degree of freedom in designing the color of the light.

Also, the wavelength corresponding to the peak of the wavelength spectrum of the flicker component can be arbitrarily set within the range of 300 to 700 nm, which is the visible range of arthropods. In particular, if the wavelength corresponding to the peak is set in the ultraviolet region, the flicker component will not be visually recognized by humans.

Embodiment 5.
Next, Embodiment 5 of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Note that the description of the same or equivalent configuration as that of the first embodiment will be omitted or simplified. The low insect-attracting light-emitting device 30 according to the present embodiment differs from the low insect-attracting light-emitting device 10 according to the first embodiment in that the elements that emit flicker light and the elements that emit continuous light are locally arranged. different.

The low-insect-attracting light-emitting device 30 is a straight tube lighting device, as shown in FIG. The low insect-attracting light-emitting device 30 has a light-emitting portion 31 that emits light, a support portion 32 that supports the light-emitting portion 31, a driving portion 33 that drives the light-emitting portion 31, and a cover 34 that transmits light. .

The light emitting unit 31 has a plurality of light emitting elements 31a that emit flicker light and a plurality of light emitting elements 31b that emit continuous light. The surface of the support portion 32 has a first region B1 in which the light emitting element 31a is arranged and a second region B2 in which the light emitting element 31b is arranged. Both the shapes of the first area B1 and the second area B2 are rectangular and do not overlap each other. In FIG. 20, the flicker light emitted by the light emitting element 31a is schematically indicated by a dashed arrow, and the continuous light emitted by the light emitting element 31b is indicated by a solid arrow.

As described above, the low insect-attracting light-emitting device 30 is configured such that the light-emitting element 31a is arranged in the first region B1 and the light-emitting element 31b is arranged in the second region B2. As a result, the irradiation directions of the continuous light and the flicker light are biased. Therefore, for example, if the low insect-attracting light emitting device 30 is installed so that flicker light is mainly emitted to the outdoor side where insects fly, and continuous light is mainly emitted to the facility side to be illuminated, the insect attraction rate is effectively reduced. can be made

One light emitting element 31a may be arranged in the first region B1, and one light emitting element 31b may be arranged in the second region B2. Further, as shown in FIG. 21, a light emitting element 11a that emits flicker light is arranged on the first region B1 of the support portion 12 of the bulb-type low insect-attracting light emitting device 10, and continuous light is emitted on the second region B2. A light emitting element 11b may be arranged. If such a low insect-attracting light-emitting device 10 is installed in an appropriate direction, it is possible to effectively reduce the insect attraction rate as with the low insect-attracting light-emitting device 30 .

Further, as shown in FIG. 22, a large number of light emitting elements 11a that emit flicker light are embedded in the first area B1 of the hemispherical support portion 12, and a large number of light emitting elements 11b that emit continuous light are arranged in the second area B2. By embedding and arranging, a bulb-type low insect-attracting light-emitting device 10a may be configured. The flicker light and the continuous light emitted from the low insect-attracting light emitting device 10a configured in this way are separated from each other in the irradiation direction and the irradiated surface. That is, the irradiation direction of the flicker light and the irradiation direction of the continuous light do not overlap, and the surface irradiated with the flicker light and the surface irradiated with the continuous light do not overlap. As a result, only the flicker light is emitted in the flying direction of the insects, and the attraction rate can be effectively reduced.

Further, as shown in FIG. 23, a light emitting element 41a that emits flicker light is arranged on the first region B1 of the support portion 42 of the sheet-like low insect-attracting light emitting device 40, and continuous light is emitted on the second region B2. A light emitting element 41b may be arranged. If such a low-insect-attracting light-emitting device 40 is wound around, for example, a post or a columnar body such as a tree, the lighting device has a low insect-attracting rate and can be easily attached and detached. A drive unit 43 in FIG. 23 is a drive circuit that changes the light intensity of the light emitting elements 41a and 41b.

Although the shape of the first region B1 and the second region B2 in FIG. 20 is rectangular, it may be polygonal, circular, or elliptical other than rectangular, or, for example, semicircular as shown in FIG. It may be a shape formed by combining curved lines and straight lines. It is desirable that these shapes can be approximated by convex polygons. In addition, the description has been given assuming that the element emitting flicker light is arranged in the first area B1 and the element emitting continuous light is arranged in the second area B2 of the first area B1 and the second area B2 that do not overlap. , the first region B1 and the second region B2 can also be referred to as regions formed by the light emitting element. For example, a first region B1 defined by a convex polygon with a minimum area that includes an element that emits flicker light, and a convex polygon with a minimum area that includes an element that emits continuous light. You may arrange|position an element so that 2nd area|region B2 prescribed|regulated by may not mutually overlap.

Embodiment 6.
Next, Embodiment 6 of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In addition, about the same or equivalent structure as Embodiment 5, while using equivalent code|symbol, the description is abbreviate|omitted or simplified. The low insect-attracting light-emitting device 30 according to the present embodiment differs from that according to the fifth embodiment in that elements that emit flicker light and elements that emit continuous light are alternately arranged.

The low insect-attracting light-emitting device 30 has light-emitting elements 31a and light-emitting elements 31b alternately arranged on the supporting portion 32, as shown in FIG. The light emitting element 31a emits flicker light, and the light emitting element 31b emits continuous light. A distance D1 between the light emitting element 31a and the light emitting element 31b is set to a predetermined reference value or less. This reference value is, for example, 5 cm. All the light emitting elements 31a according to the present embodiment are arranged so that the distance between them and the nearest light emitting element 32b is 3 cm.

As described above, in the low insect-attracting light-emitting device 30 according to the present embodiment, the light-emitting elements 31a and 31b are alternately arranged. As a result, flicker light and continuous light are mixed in the vicinity of the element, and light with a specific modulation depth can be efficiently generated. As a result, the entire light emitting surface of the low insect attracting light emitting device 30 can be provided with the effect of lowering the insect attraction rate.

Also, the distance D1 between the light emitting elements 31a and 31b was set to 5 cm or less as a predetermined reference value. When an insect visually recognizes a flickering light source and a continuous light source separately, it can be said that the attraction rate of the flickering light source is low, but the attraction rate of the continuous light source is high, and it is considered that the insects are attracted to the continuous light source. be done. It is known that the distance at which insects are attracted is shorter than about 3 m, and the resolution of the insect's eye at a distance of 3 m is about 5 cm. Therefore, by setting the distance D1 to 5 cm or less, the insects recognize the light emitting elements 31a and 31b together as one light source without distinguishing between them, and as a result, the attraction rate of the low insect attracting light emitting device 30 is surely lowered. can be done.

As shown in FIG. 25, in the bulb-type low insect-attracting light emitting device 10, the light emitting elements 11a and 11b may be alternately arranged along the circumference of the disk-shaped support portion 12. FIG. Further, as shown in FIG. 26, in the sheet-like low insect-attracting light-emitting device 40, the light-emitting elements 41a and 41b may be alternately arranged along the X-axis and Y-axis directions on the surface of the supporting portion.

Although it has been described that the light-emitting elements are simply arranged alternately, it is also possible to say that the light-emitting elements are arranged such that the areas formed by the two types of light-emitting elements overlap. For example, a first region defined by a convex polygon with a minimum area that includes an element that emits flicker light, and a convex polygon with a minimum area that includes an element that emits continuous light. The elements may be arranged so that the defined second regions overlap each other. At this time, the area of the overlapping portion may be, for example, 90% or more of the area of the first region and 90% or more of the area of the second region.

Embodiment 7.
Next, Embodiment 7 of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Note that the description of the same or equivalent configuration as that of the first embodiment will be omitted or simplified.

A display device 500 according to the present embodiment is, as shown in FIG. 27, a vending machine having a low insect-attracting light emitting device 50 for nighttime operation. The low insect-attracting light emitting device 50 has a light emitting section 51 and a driving section 53 that changes the light intensity of the light emitting section 51 . The light emitting unit 51 has a light emitting element 51a that emits flicker light and a light emitting element 51b that emits continuous light. Here, the light-emitting element 51b is used to illuminate the display section 505 on which product samples are placed and to illuminate buttons to be pressed by the user. On the other hand, a plurality of light emitting elements 51a are arranged so as to surround a display section 505 substantially including light emitting elements 51b.

As described above, in the display device 500 according to the present embodiment, the plurality of light emitting elements 51a are arranged on the four sides of the display section 505 so as to surround the light emitting elements 51b that emit continuous light. Insects are known to be attracted to the edges of bright surfaces. For this reason, insects are usually attracted to the edge of the display unit 505, which is illuminated with continuous light and serves as a light-emitting surface. However, in the display device 500, the flickering light source is arranged around the display unit 505, thereby reducing the attraction effect to the edge. As a result, the attraction rate of insects to the display device 500 can be reduced.

Note that the light-emitting element 51 a does not have to be arranged so as to completely surround the display section 505 . For example, in FIG. 27, the light emitting elements 51a may be arranged on the left, right, and below the display section 505 so as to surround the display section 505, except for the upper side of the display section 505. FIG. That is, the light-emitting element 51a may be arranged at least part of the position surrounding the display section 505 . Moreover, although the light emitting element 51 a is arranged to surround the entire display section 505 , it may be arranged to surround at least a part of the display section 505 . For example, the display unit 505 that displays advertisements may have a lower priority for lowering the insect attraction rate than the display unit 505 that displays product samples. For this reason, the light emitting elements 51a may be arranged so as to surround the other display portions 505 except for the display portion 505 that displays the advertisement.

Moreover, if the light emitting element 51a is arranged at least vertically below the display unit 505, the display device 500 can reduce the insect attraction rate. It is known that when there is a display surface that emits continuous light like the display device 500, insects are particularly attracted to the vertically lower edge. By arranging the light emitting element 51a that emits flicker light vertically below the display section 505 irradiated with continuous light, it is possible to reduce the attraction rate of insects that are attracted to the lower side of the display surface.

Although the case where the light emitting element 51a is arranged so as to surround the display unit 505 integrally formed with the light emitting element 51b has been described, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, if the unit that emits continuous light is a light-emitting surface such as a digital signage, arranging a flicker light source so as to surround the light-emitting surface can reduce the insect attraction rate. Similarly, if the flicker light source is arranged at least vertically below the light emitting surface, it is thought that the insect attraction rate can be reduced.

Also, the flicker light source is desirably arranged adjacent to the light emitting surface. For example, the distance between the display surface and the flicker light source should be 5 cm or less. Also, an example in which the light-emitting element 51b that emits continuous light is employed as light-emitting means for illuminating the display section 505 on which product samples are placed and for illuminating the button to be pressed by the user has been described. A light-emitting element 51a that emits flicker light may be employed.

Embodiment 8.
Next, an eighth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. It should be noted that the same or equivalent configurations as those of the seventh embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the explanations thereof are omitted or simplified.

A display device 500 according to the present embodiment has a light-emitting element 51a arranged at a position vertically above a display section 505 to some extent, as shown in FIG. When adding a unit that emits flicker light or when there are structural restrictions, it may be difficult to arrange the flicker light source near the continuous light source. In such a case, placing the flicker light source vertically above the continuous light source can reduce the insect attraction rate. The effect of arranging the flicker light source vertically above the continuous light source will be described below.

As shown in FIG. 29, the inventors set a flying position 206 at a distance of 90 cm from the ground. Verification was performed by changing the elevation/depression angle of the LED light source as seen from 90°, 45°, 0°, -45°, and -90°. FIG. 30 shows verification results. As can be seen from FIG. 30 , the attraction rate is high when the elevation/depression angles are 45° and 90°, and stink bugs tend to be attracted to light sources located vertically above flight position 206 . For this reason, it is presumed that flying insects like stink bugs are strongly attracted to a light source located at a high position when a plurality of light sources are arranged at a certain distance from each other. Therefore, when the flicker light source is arranged at a distance of, for example, 5 cm or more from the continuous light source, it is expected that the flicker factor is lowered by arranging the flicker light source vertically above the continuous light source.

Further, the display device 500 has a plurality of display units 505 in the vertical direction, as shown in FIG. Instead of arranging the flicker light sources around the display unit 505, some or all of the light sources that illuminate the top display unit 505 may be used as flicker light sources, and the light sources that illuminate the other display units 505 may be used as continuous light sources. good. This is expected to reduce the insect attraction rate. In this case, the display unit 505 is configured as display means for displaying by applying illumination light to display objects such as product samples using at least one of the light emitting elements 51a and 51b.

When part or all of the light source for illuminating the display section 505 is a flicker light source, the maximum brightness of the display section 505 irradiated with the illumination light is set to 1.0 to make the flicker visible to insects. It is desirable to be 0×10 ¹⁰ photons/cm ² /sec or more. In addition, when a part or all of the light source that illuminates the display unit 505 is a flicker light source, at least one of the irradiation direction and the illuminated surface is different between the flicker light source and the continuous light source, thereby preventing insects from flickering. It is considered that the flicker can be visually recognized effectively. For example, as shown in FIG. 31, the flickering light emitted by the light emitting element 51a illuminates the display section 505 widely, and the continuous light emitted by the light emitting element illuminates the product sample at the center, thereby making it easier for insects to visually recognize the flicker.

Further, as shown in FIG. 31, the display device 500 has a light shielding section 55 as light shielding means for shielding the light originating from the light emitting elements 51a and 51b on the path leading to the viewer U1 of the display section 505. may be If the light shielding portion 55 blocks the light, the viewer U1 does not see the dazzling direct light, and only the indirect light emitted to the display portion 505 is seen.

Embodiment 9.
Next, a ninth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Note that the description of the same or equivalent configuration as that of the fifth embodiment will be omitted or simplified. The low insect-attracting light-emitting device 60 according to the present embodiment differs from the low insect-attracting light-emitting device 30 (see FIG. 20) in that it has a reflector as a reflecting means for reflecting flicker light.

As shown in FIG. 32, the low insect-attracting light emitting device 60 includes a plurality of light emitting elements 61b arranged on the front side surface of the support portion 62 and a plurality of light emitting elements 61b arranged on the back side surface of the support portion 62. It has a light emitting element 61a, a driving section 63, and a reflector 66 that reflects the light emitted by the light emitting element 61a to the front side. The light emitting element 61a emits flicker light, and the light emitting element 61b emits continuous light. The light emitting element 61 a and the light emitting element 61 b constitute the light emitting section 61 .

FIG. 33 shows a cross-sectional view of the low insect-attracting light emitting device 60. As shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 33, the flicker light indicated by the dotted arrow is reflected by the reflector 66 and diffuses toward the front. The flicker light is mixed with the continuous light emitted by the light emitting element 61b.

As described above, according to the low insect-attracting light-emitting device 60, the flicker light reflected by the reflector 66 is emitted to the outside. Therefore, the insect sees the flickering light emitted by the light emitting element 61a through the reflector 66 having a large area. As a result, the flicker light is emphasized and visually recognized by insects, so it is expected to efficiently reduce the insect attraction rate. In addition, since the flicker light visually recognized by the insect includes the light reflected by the reflector 66 and passing through the vicinity of the light emitting element 61b, the flicker light and the continuous light are not discriminated and recognized. This prevents insects from being erroneously attracted to the continuous light source.

The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications are of course possible without departing from the gist of the present invention.

For example, the display facility 700 can be configured by applying the low insect-attracting light-emitting device to the advertising signboard shown in FIG. The display equipment 700 has a display section 705 for displaying advertisement content and a light emitting section 71 for illuminating the display section 705 . The light emitting section 71 has a light emitting unit 71a that is a flicker light source and a light emitting unit 71b that is a continuous light source. The display equipment 700 may be configured by adding a light emitting unit 71a corresponding to a low insect attracting light emitting device to an existing signboard with night lighting.

Also, as shown in FIG. 35, when there is a wide surface such as a wall near the installation position of the low insect-attracting light emitting device 10a (see FIG. 22) in which the irradiation direction of the flicker light and the irradiation direction of the continuous light are different. By irradiating and reflecting flicker light on this surface, the same effect as in the ninth embodiment can be obtained.

In addition, in the above embodiment, an example in which an LED is employed as the light emitting means has been described, but the present invention is not limited to this, and other light emitting elements such as fluorescent lamps and incandescent lamps may be employed as the light emitting means. .

Moreover, the low insect-attracting light-emitting method executed by the low insect-attracting light-emitting device 10 or the like includes a control step of generating flicker light by controlling the intensity of light emitted by the light-emitting means. This low insect-attracting luminescence method may be applied to existing lighting installations. Further, the display method executed by the display device 500 or the like includes the steps of generating flicker light by controlling the intensity of light emitted by the light emitting means, and irradiating the display means with the flicker light. This display method may be applied to existing display devices.

Also, the configurations described in the above embodiments may be combined arbitrarily.

The present invention is capable of various embodiments and modifications without departing from its broader spirit and scope. Moreover, the embodiment described above is for explaining the present invention, and does not limit the scope of the present invention. In other words, the scope of the present invention is indicated by the claims rather than the embodiments. Various modifications made within the scope of the claims and within the meaning of the invention equivalent thereto are considered to be within the scope of the present invention.

This application is based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2017-164336 filed on August 29, 2017. The entire specification, claims, and drawings of Japanese Patent Application No. 2017-164336 are incorporated herein by reference.

The present invention is suitable for obtaining highly convenient light.

10, 10a, 30, 40, 50, 60 low insect attracting light emitting device 11, 31, 51, 61, 71 light emitting part 11a, 11b, 31a, 31b, 41a, 41b, 51a, 51b, 61a, 61b light emitting element 12, 32 , 42, 62 Supporting portion 13, 33, 43, 53, 63 Driving portion 14, 34 Cover 55 Light shielding portion 66 Reflecting plate 71 Light emitting portion 71a, 71b Light emitting unit 101 Lighting device 201, 204 LED panel light source 202, 205 Black background plate 203, 206 Flight position 500 Display device 505, 705 Display unit 700 Display facility A1 to A3 Area B1 First area B2 Second area L1, L2 Line U1 Viewer

Claims (27)

a light emitting means for emitting light;
a control means for generating flickering light by controlling the intensity of light emitted by the light emitting means;
The waveform of the intensity of the flicker light contains more specific frequency components than other frequency components according to the type of target insect, which lowers the attraction rate compared to when the light emitting means emits continuous light,
The low insect-attracting light-emitting device , wherein the specific frequency component is a component with a frequency of 60 Hz or higher . The specific frequency component is a component with a frequency lower than the critical fusion frequency of the insect.
The low insect-attracting light-emitting device according to claim 1. The specific frequency component is a component having a frequency of S/(2L) Hz or more, where S is the flying speed of the insect and L is the distance from the insect to the light emitting means.
The low insect-attracting light-emitting device according to claim 1 or 2. The duty ratio of the waveform is 50% or less.
The low insect-attracting light-emitting device according to any one of claims 1 to 3 . The flicker light includes a continuous light component that is a component of light that is visually recognized as continuous light by the insect,
The low insect-attracting light-emitting device according to any one of claims 1 to 4 . a light emitting means for emitting light;
a control means for generating flickering light by controlling the intensity of light emitted by the light emitting means;
The waveform of the intensity of the flicker light contains more specific frequency components than other frequency components according to the type of target insect, which reduces the attraction rate compared to when the light emitting means emits continuous light,
The flicker light includes a continuous light component that is a component of light that is visually recognized as continuous light by the insect,
A ratio of the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the flicker light intensity to the maximum value is 50% or more,
The low insect-attracting light-emitting device, wherein the minimum value is 1.0×10 ¹⁰ photons/cm ² /sec or more when viewed from a point 2 m away. a ratio of the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the flicker light intensity to the maximum value is 15% or less,
The minimum value is 1.0×10 ¹⁰ photons/cm ² /sec or more when viewed from a point 2 m away.
The low insect-attracting light-emitting device according to claim 5 . The flicker light includes a flicker component, which is a light component corresponding to the specific frequency component, and the continuous light component,
the flicker component and the continuous light component have different spectral spectra;
The low insect-attracting light-emitting device according to any one of claims 5 to 7 . The ratio of the area of the overlapping portion of the first spectrum, which is the spectral spectrum of the flicker component, and the second spectrum, which is the spectral spectrum of the continuous light component, to the area of the first spectrum is 40% or less,
A ratio of the area of the overlapping portion to the area of the second spectrum is 40% or less.
The low insect-attracting light-emitting device according to claim 8 . Among the peaks of the spectral spectrum, the peak wavelength of the first peak with the shortest peak wavelength is W1, the light intensity value of the first peak is In1, the peak wavelength of the second peak with the longest peak wavelength is W2, and the above When the value of the light intensity of the second peak is In2, from the first wavelength that is a wavelength shorter than W1 and the light intensity of the spectral spectrum is equal to In1/2, the light of the spectral spectrum that is a wavelength longer than W2 Using the width up to the second wavelength at which the intensity is equal to In2/2 as an index value,
wherein the index value of the flicker component is 1/3 or less of the index value of the continuous light component;
The low insect-attracting light-emitting device according to claim 8 or 9 . a light intensity value corresponding to a wavelength range from 500 nm to 600 nm in the spectral spectrum of the flicker component is smaller than a light intensity value in the spectral spectrum of the continuous light component;
The low insect-attracting light-emitting device according to any one of claims 8 to 10 . The light emitting means
a first light emitting means for emitting light having the specific frequency component;
a second light emitting means for emitting light of the continuous light component;
The low insect-attracting light-emitting device according to any one of claims 5 to 11 , comprising: The distance between the first light emitting means and the second light emitting means is 5 cm or less.
The low insect-attracting light-emitting device according to claim 12 . one or a plurality of the first light emitting means are arranged in a first region on the surface of the support member;
One or more of the second light emitting means are arranged in a second region different from the first region on the surface,
The low insect-attracting light-emitting device according to claim 12 or 13 . The first light emitting means and the second light emitting means are alternately arranged on the support member,
The low insect-attracting light-emitting device according to claim 12 or 13 . A plurality of the first light emitting means are arranged so as to surround at least a part of the plurality of the second light emitting means,
The low insect-attracting light-emitting device according to claim 12 or 13 . The first light emitting means is arranged vertically below the light emitting surface formed by the second light emitting means,
The low insect-attracting light-emitting device according to claim 12 or 13 . The first light emitting means is arranged vertically above the second light emitting means,
The low insect-attracting light-emitting device according to claim 12 or 13 . The first light emitting means and the second light emitting means irradiate light such that at least one of an illuminated surface and an irradiation direction is different.
The low insect-attracting light-emitting device according to any one of claims 12 to 18 . Further comprising reflecting means for reflecting the light emitted by the first light emitting means,
The low insect-attracting light emitting device according to any one of claims 12 to 19 . a light emitting means for emitting light;
a control means for generating flickering light by controlling the intensity of light emitted by the light emitting means;
and a display means for emitting the flicker light,
The waveform of the intensity of the flicker light contains more specific frequency components than other frequency components according to the type of target insect, which reduces the attraction rate compared to when the light emitting means emits continuous light,
The light emitting means
a first light emitting means for emitting light having the specific frequency component;
a second light emitting means for emitting light that is visually recognized as continuous light by the insect,
The display means is
a first display means irradiated with light emitted by the first light emitting means;
and a second display means irradiated with the light emitted by the second light emitting means,
The display device, wherein the first display means is arranged vertically above the second display means . 22. The display device according to claim 21 , further comprising light shielding means for blocking light on a path from a starting point of light emitted by said light emitting means to a viewer of said display means. The first light emitting means and the second light emitting means irradiate light such that at least one of an illuminated surface and an irradiation direction of the display means is different.
23. A display device according to claim 21 or 22 . The maximum value of the brightness of the display means when the flicker light is applied to the display means is 1.0×10 ¹⁰ photons/cm ² /sec or more when viewed from a point 2 m away.
24. A display device according to any one of claims 21 to 23 . a control step of generating flickering light by controlling the intensity of light emitted by the light emitting means;
The waveform of the intensity of the flicker light contains more specific frequency components than other frequency components according to the type of target insect, which lowers the attraction rate compared to when the light emitting means emits continuous light,
The low insect-attracting luminescence method , wherein the specific frequency component is a component with a frequency of 60 Hz or higher . a control step of generating flickering light by controlling the intensity of light emitted by the light emitting means;
The waveform of the intensity of the flicker light contains more specific frequency components than other frequency components according to the type of target insect, which lowers the attraction rate compared to when the light emitting means emits continuous light,
A ratio of the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the flicker light intensity to the maximum value is 50% or more,
Said minimum value is 1.0×10 when viewed from a point 2 m away ¹⁰ photons/cm ² /sec or more, the low insect-attracting luminescence method. generating flickering light by controlling the intensity of light emitted by the light emitting means;
irradiating a display means with the flicker light,
The waveform of the intensity of the flicker light contains more specific frequency components than other frequency components according to the type of target insect, which lowers the attraction rate compared to when the light emitting means emits continuous light,
The light emitting means
a first light emitting means for emitting light having the specific frequency component;
a second light emitting means for emitting light that is visually recognized as continuous light by the insect,
The display means is
a first display means irradiated with light emitted by the first light emitting means;
and a second display means irradiated with the light emitted by the second light emitting means,
The display method, wherein the first display means is arranged vertically above the second display means .

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