JP7145923B2 - Air conditioning system and air conditioning method - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to an air conditioning system and an air conditioning method for conditioning indoor air.

As an air conditioning system, there is a GHP (gas heat pump air conditioner) that includes an engine-driven compressor driven by a gas engine, and an EHP (EHP) that includes an electrically driven compressor driven by an electric motor. An electric heat pump air conditioner is used.

Here, since the EHP does not have a gas engine, it is not necessary to perform maintenance such as replenishment or replacement of engine oil, replacement of the oil filter, inspection or replacement of spark plugs, etc., which are necessary for the GHP, and maintenance costs are not required. . On the other hand, in addition to heating with a heat pump (heating indoor air), GHP can heat the air by recovering the exhaust heat of the gas engine, so it can warm the room more efficiently than EHP. becomes. In addition, since the GHP consumes almost no power, it has the advantage of being able to significantly reduce power consumption compared to the EHP.

Thus, GHP and EHP have different advantages. Therefore, techniques have been proposed for deriving the operating load factors of the EHP and GHP that minimize the running cost based on the outside air temperature and the air conditioning load every predetermined time while taking advantage of each advantage (for example, patent document 1).

JP 2012-7834 A

When adopting the technology of deriving the operating load factor of an electric power consumption unit such as an EHP and a gas consumption unit such as a GHP based on the outside air temperature and the air conditioning load as in Patent Document 1, for example, at each predetermined control timing, If you continue to use the power consumption unit and the gas consumption unit with this trend, the amount of power consumption will be predicted at the next judgment timing of the power consumption, and the value will likely exceed the contract power. Then, air conditioning control is performed to suppress the operating load factor of the power consumption unit.

However, in the above-described air-conditioning control that predicts only the power consumption at the determination timing each time the control timing elapses, the control increases the fluctuation range of the operating load factor of the power consumption unit and the gas consumption unit. As a result, the power consumption unit and the gas consumption unit cannot be operated with high efficiency, resulting in an increase in the total charge for power and gas. Here, it is possible to reduce the fluctuation range of the operating load factor of the power consumption unit or the gas consumption unit simply by shortening the control timing or subdividing the control threshold. This will lead to an increase in capacity.

In view of such problems, the present invention provides an air conditioning system and an air conditioning method capable of efficiently operating power consumption units and gas consumption units without increasing the computational processing load and memory capacity. It is intended to

In order to solve the above problems, the air conditioning system of the present invention has at least a power consumption device, a power consumption unit that heats or cools refrigerant or water, and at least a gas consumption device that heats the refrigerant or water. , a gas consuming unit that heats or cools, the electricity charge is determined at least according to the contracted power, the gas charge is determined at least according to the amount of gas used, and the power consumption unit and the gas at the facility A facility power transition derivation unit that derives a facility power transition, which is a power transition excluding consumption units, and a facility power transition estimation unit that estimates future facility power transition from past facility power transition and future predicted outside temperature. , an air conditioning power transition derivation unit that subtracts the future facility power transition from the contract power and derives the air conditioning power transition that is the power transition that can be used by the power consumption unit and the gas consumption unit; For each air conditioning load factor, the operating load factors for the power consumption unit and the gas consumption unit are derived so that the sum of the electricity and gas charges is minimized, and the air conditioning load factor and the operating load for the power consumption unit and an air-conditioning operation unit that operates the power consumption unit and the gas consumption unit at an operation load factor corresponding to the required air-conditioning load factor according to the operation map. Prepare more.

The operation map generation unit generates a plurality of combinations in which the operation load factors of the power consumption unit and the gas consumption unit are proportionally divided so as to satisfy an arbitrary air conditioning load factor, and determines the combination that has the lowest total power and gas charges. A combination may be used as the operating load factor of the power consumption unit and the gas consumption unit for an arbitrary air conditioning load factor.

The operation map generation unit generates a plurality of operation maps based on a plurality of air conditioning power transitions provided in stages, and the air conditioning operation unit generates a plurality of maps so that the power consumption actually measured in the facility is equal to or less than the contract power. You may switch the driving map.

In order to solve the above problems, a power consumption unit having at least power consumption equipment for heating or cooling refrigerant or water and a gas consumption unit having at least gas consumption equipment for heating or cooling refrigerant or water are provided. wherein the electricity charge is determined at least according to the contract power, the gas charge is determined at least according to the amount of gas used, and the power consumption unit in the facility and the facility power transition, which is the power transition excluding the gas consumption unit, is estimated from the past facility power transition and the future predicted outside temperature, and the future facility power transition is estimated from the contract power. and derive the air conditioning power transition, which is the power transition available in the power consumption unit and the gas consumption unit, and based on the air conditioning power transition, the total electricity and gas charges for each of the different air conditioning load factors is calculated. Deriving the operating load factor of the power consumption unit and the gas consumption unit to minimize, generating an operation map that associates the air conditioning load factor with the operating load factor of the power consumption unit and the gas consumption unit, according to the operation map, The power consumption unit and the gas consumption unit are operated at an operating load factor corresponding to the required air conditioning load factor.

According to the present invention, it is possible to efficiently operate the power consumption unit and the gas consumption unit without increasing the processing load and memory capacity.

It is an explanatory view showing the connection relationship of the air conditioning system. FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining an example of changing the operating load factor of each of EHP and GHP at any time; FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing the relationship between the operating load factor and efficiency of EHP and GHP; 4 is a flowchart for explaining the flow of processing of the air conditioning method; It is an explanatory view for explaining air-conditioning electric power transition derivation processing. It is an explanatory view showing an example of a driving map. FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing a procedure for determining a driving load factor; FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing a procedure for determining a driving load factor; FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram showing another example of a driving map; It is an explanatory view for explaining air-conditioning operation processing. It is a figure explaining a GHP chiller. It is a figure explaining an absorption-type chiller-heater. It is a figure explaining an EHP chiller. It is a figure explaining a centrifugal chiller.

Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The dimensions, materials, and other specific numerical values shown in these embodiments are merely examples for facilitating understanding of the invention, and do not limit the invention unless otherwise specified. In the present specification and drawings, elements having substantially the same function and configuration are given the same reference numerals to omit redundant description, and elements that are not directly related to the present invention are omitted from the drawings. do.

(Air conditioning system 100)
FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing the connection relationship of an air conditioning system 100. As shown in FIG. The air conditioning system 100 includes an air conditioning device 110 arranged on a contract basis in a facility 10 such as a building or a school, and an air conditioning device 110 provided separately from the facility 10 for two-way communication with the air conditioning device 110 wirelessly or by wire. and a management server 120 connected thereto.

The air conditioner 110 includes an EHP 112 , a GHP 114 , an air conditioning communication section 116 and an air conditioning control section 118 . Here, for convenience of explanation, an example in which one EHP 112 (power consumption unit) and one GHP 114 (gas consumption unit) are connected to one air conditioning control unit 118 will be described, but the number of EHPs 112 and GHPs 114 is not limited. Instead, a plurality of EHPs 112 and GHPs 114 may be connected to one air conditioning control unit 118 .

In the EHP 112, the refrigerant is circulated (refrigerant circuit) by an electrically driven compressor 142 (power consuming device) that compresses the refrigerant using an electric motor 140 (power consuming device) as a drive source. Heat exchange is performed with the outdoor air, and heat exchange is performed between the refrigerant and the indoor air in the indoor EHP indoor heat exchanger 146 .

In the GHP 114, the refrigerant is circulated (refrigerant circuit) by an engine-driven compressor 152 (gas consuming device) that compresses the refrigerant using a gas engine 150 (gas consuming device) as a driving source, and the refrigerant is and the outdoor air, and in the indoor GHP indoor heat exchanger 156, the refrigerant and the indoor air are heat exchanged.

The air conditioning communication unit 116 communicates with the management server 120 . The air conditioning control unit 118 is composed of a semiconductor integrated circuit including a central processing unit (CPU), a ROM storing programs and the like, a RAM as a work area, and the like, and controls the EHP 112 and the GHP 114 . The air conditioning control unit 118 also functions as a facility power transition transmitting unit 170 and an air conditioning operating unit 172 by running programs. The operation of each functional unit of the air conditioning control unit 118 will be detailed later.

The management server 120 includes a management communication section 122 , a data holding section 124 and a management control section 126 . The management communication unit 122 communicates with the multiple air conditioners 110 . The data holding unit 124 is composed of RAM, flash memory, HDD, etc., and holds various information necessary for processing of each functional unit of the management control unit 126 . The management control unit 126 is composed of a semiconductor integrated circuit including a central processing unit (CPU), a ROM in which programs and the like are stored, a RAM as a work area, etc. By operating the program, the facility power transition deriving unit 178, It functions as a facility power transition estimation unit 180 , an air conditioning power transition derivation unit 182 , and an operation map generation unit 184 . The operation of each functional unit of the management control unit 126 will be detailed later.

Next, the design concept of the operating load factors of the electric motor 140 of the EHP 112 and the gas engine 150 of the GHP 114 in the air conditioning system 100 will be described.

(Design concept of operating load factor)
The electric motor 140 that constitutes the EHP 112 generates driving force with electric power, and the gas engine 150 that constitutes the GHP 114 generates driving force with gas. Therefore, when both the EHP 112 and the GHP 114 are operated, both electric power and gas are required, and the electric power and gas are purchased from the electric power supply company and the gas supply company.

Electricity and gas charges are the sum of two charge systems: a basic charge and a metered charge determined according to a preset unit price and usage amount. However, the calculation of the basic charge and the metered charge differs between gas and electricity. For example, gas charges, both the basic charge and the metered charge, depend on the amount of use, and increase as the amount of use increases. In general, the basic charge for electricity is higher than that for gas, and the metered charge for gas is often higher than that for electricity.

On the other hand, the basic power charge is determined based on the contracted power at the facility 10 . Here, the contract power is the maximum demand power (maximum demand), which is the maximum value in a predetermined period (eg, 12 months) of the power demand (demand), which is the average power consumption for each predetermined time period (eg, 30 minutes). determined by However, the contract power is not limited to this case, and there are various ways to decide, such as deciding through consultation with the supplier. If you use more power than the contracted power (when the maximum demanded power is renewed), the contracted power for one year after that month will be determined based on the updated maximum demanded power. Fees will go up. In addition, if the contract power is determined through consultation with the power supplier, a contract excess charge may be imposed.

Therefore, within a range not exceeding the contracted power, the lower the basic charge (contracted power), the cheaper the power charge (the sum of the basic charge and the metered charge) when the usage amount is the same. Therefore, it is desirable to reduce the contract demand as much as possible. However, if the contract power is too small, the frequency of usage exceeding the contract power will increase, and the basic charge will also increase, which may lead to an increase in the power charge. Therefore, it is desirable to set the contract power to an appropriately small value, and divide the required air conditioning load between the EHP 112 and the GHP 114 proportionally with the amount of power used that does not exceed the contract power.

Here, the basic charge of electricity (contract power) is targeted for the following reasons. That is, in general, when the basic charge for electricity and the basic charge for gas are compared, the basic charge for electricity is higher, so it is more advantageous to reduce the basic charge for electricity. Therefore, in the present embodiment, an example will be given in which the amount of electricity used is controlled so as not to exceed the contracted power, focusing only on the contracted power on which the basic rate of electricity depends. can also be targeted.

FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining an example of changing the operating load factor of each of the EHP 112 and GHP 114 at any time. FIG. 2( a ) shows changes in power consumption of the entire facility, and FIG. 2( b ) shows the operating load factor of each of the EHP 112 and GHP 114 . Here, if the EHP 112 and GHP 114 continue to be used with this trend at each predetermined control timing (30 minutes/4), how much power consumption will be at the next power consumption determination timing (every 30 minutes)? It is assumed that the air conditioning control is performed such that the operating load factor of the EHP 112 is suppressed when the value is about to exceed the contract power.

For example, at the control timing at point A in FIG. 2(a), if the EHP 112 and GHP 114 continue to be used in this trend, the power consumption exceeds the contracted power at the determination timing at point B, as indicated by the dashed line. Since it can be predicted that it will be closed, at the control timing of point A, the operating load factor of the EHP 112 is reduced as shown in FIG. 2(b). However, in order to satisfy the required air conditioning load, the operating load factor of the GHP 114 is increased as indicated by the dashed line in FIG. 2(b). In this way, the amount of power used is within the contract power for the first 30 minutes.

After that, for the next 30 minutes, even if the EHP 112 continues to be used with the current trend at the control timing at time C in FIG. Since it can be predicted that it will be less than half of the contract demand, the operating load factor of the EHP 112 is raised and the operating load factor of the GHP 114 is lowered as shown in FIG. 2(b). Moreover, at the determination timing of the time point E, as shown in FIG. 2B, the operating load factor of the EHP 112 is lowered and the operating load factor of the GHP 114 is raised so that the power usage does not exceed the contracted power.

However, as described above, in the control that simply predicts only the power consumption at the determination timing (30 minutes) each time the control timing (30 minutes/4) elapses, as shown in FIG. The fluctuation width of the operating load factor of the EHP 112 and GHP 114 becomes large.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing the relationship between the operating load factor of the EHP 112 and GHP 114 and the efficiency (COP). As can be understood with reference to FIG. 3, for both EHP 112 and GHP 114, the efficiency is maximized at a specific operating load factor, and the difference between the actual operating load factor and the specific operating load factor at which efficiency is maximized is Efficiency decreases as the size increases. Here, as described above, in both the EHP 112 and the GHP 114, when the fluctuation range of the operating load factor increases, the number of operations at operating load factors separated from a specific operating load factor increases. As a result, the EHP 112 and GHP 114 cannot be operated with high efficiency, resulting in an increase in the total charge for electricity and gas. At this time, it is possible to reduce the fluctuation range of the operating load factor of the EHP 112 and GHP 114 simply by shortening the control timing or subdividing the control threshold, but the calculation processing load and memory capacity increase. invites

Here, it is conceivable to predict the future power transition on a day-by-day basis, such as the next day, through the predicted future outside temperature, and control the operating load factors of the EHP 112 and the GHP 114 accordingly. However, since the power transition depending on the EHP 112 and GHP 114 (simply referred to as "air conditioning power transition") and the power transition of the facility excluding the EHP 112 and GHP 114 (simply referred to as "facility power transition") are different, simply both , there will be a difference from the air conditioning load that is actually required.

Therefore, considering facility power transitions and air conditioning power transitions separately, considering facility power transitions as quantitative fluctuations and estimating them from predicted future outside temperatures, etc., an operation map that assumes that progress is made according to the predicted facility power transitions. Accordingly, the operating load factors of the EHP 112 and the GHP 114 are controlled each time according to the change in air conditioning power transition. With such a configuration, the operating loads of the EHP 112 and the GHP 114 can be appropriately adjusted within a range in which the power consumption does not exceed the contracted power while satisfying the required air conditioning load. Therefore, it is possible to suppress fluctuations in the operating load factor of the EHP 112 and the GHP 114, operate them efficiently, and minimize the total charge, without increasing the computational processing load and memory capacity.

(Air conditioning method)
FIG. 4 is a flowchart for explaining the processing flow of the air conditioning method. Here, the air conditioning method includes facility power transition transmission processing (S200) for transmitting power transitions in the entire facility 10, and facility power transition derivation processing (S202) for deriving past facility power transitions excluding the EHP 112 and GHP 114 in the facility 10. , Facility power transition estimation processing (S204) for estimating future facility power transition from past facility power transition and future predicted outside temperature, Subtracting future facility power transition from contract power Air-conditioning power transition derivation processing (S206) for deriving an air-conditioning power transition that is a possible power transition. Operation map generation processing (S208) for generating an operation map by deriving the operation load factors of the EHP 112 and the GHP 114, and an air conditioning operation in which the EHP 112 and the GHP 114 are operated at an operation load factor corresponding to the required air conditioning load factor according to the operation map. The processing is performed in the order of processing (S210).

(Facility power change transmission process S200)
The facility power transition transmitting unit 170 actually measures the power transition in the entire facility 10, for example, every 30 minutes, and transmits it to the management server 120 together with the usage history of the EHP 112 and the GHP 114 that are being driven in parallel.

(Facility power transition derivation process S202)
The facility power transition deriving unit 178 derives an estimated value of the power transition of the EHP 112 and the GHP 114 based on the usage history of the EHP 112 and the GHP 114, and calculates the EHP 112 and the GHP 114 from the power transition of the entire facility 10 received from the facility power transition transmitting unit 170. is subtracted from the estimated value of the power transition of the EHP 112 to derive a plurality of past facility power transitions (for a plurality of days), which are power transitions excluding the EHP 112 . The plurality of facility power transitions are associated with the outside temperature or average outside temperature at each hour of the day. Although the air conditioners related to the EHP 112 and GHP 114 are excluded from the facility power transition here, air conditioners that are not related to the EHP 112 and GHP 114, for example, individually controlled air conditioners, etc., are included in the facility power transition. Such facility power transition has a correlation with outside air temperature.

(Facility power transition estimation process S204)
The facility power transition estimating unit 180 calculates the future (next day) from a plurality of past facility power transitions derived by the facility power transition deriving unit 178 and the predicted future outside temperature to be estimated, for example, the next day's predicted outside temperature. Estimate the power transition of the facility. Specifically, the outside temperature associated with multiple past facility power transitions is compared with the forecasted outside temperature for the next day, and the past facility power transition with the most similar outside temperature transition or average outside temperature is determined. , is derived as the transition of future facility power consumption. Here, the past facility power transition to be referred to may be the facility power transition within a predetermined number of days (for example, seven days) from the present, or may be the facility power transition in the same period last year or earlier. Further, the future to be estimated is not limited to the next day, and may be a predetermined day after the next day when the outside temperature can be predicted. Various existing methods such as the energy consumption prediction method disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2015-90639 can be used as a method for deriving the facility power transition, so detailed description thereof will be omitted here.

(Air conditioning power transition derivation process S206)
FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram for explaining the air conditioning power transition deriving process S206. The air conditioning power transition deriving unit 182 subtracts the future (for example, the next day) facility power transition estimated by the facility power transition estimating unit 180 from the contract power for the facility 10, and calculates the air conditioning power transition that can be used by the EHP 112 and GHP 114. Derive the power transition. This air conditioning power transition indicates the upper limit of the power that can be used by the EHP 112 and the GHP 114 within the contract power, regardless of the air conditioning load that is actually required.

(Driving map generation process S208)
Based on the air conditioning power transition, the operation map generation unit 184 calculates the EHP 112 and the EHP 112 so that the total of the electric power and gas charges is minimized for a plurality of different air conditioning load factors (EHP 112 operating load factor + GHP 114 operating load factor). A driving load factor of the GHP 114 is derived to generate a driving map.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a driving map. Here, the horizontal axis indicates the time, and the vertical axis indicates the air conditioning load factor. Then, the operating load factors of the EHP 112 and the GHP 114 when all assumed air conditioning load factors (≦10, ≦20, . . . ≦100%, >100%) are requested at all times are derived. For example, at 13:00 in FIG. 6, if the required air conditioning load factor is greater than 50% and 60% or less (≦60%), the operating load factor of the EHP 112 is set to 60%, and the operating load factor of the GHP 114 is set to 60%. It is set to 60%. Here, the operating load factors of the EHP 112 and GHP 114 are obtained as follows.

7 and 8 are explanatory diagrams showing the procedure for determining the operating load factor. However, the predicted outside temperature at 13:00 is 35°C, the power available to the EHP 112 and GHP 114 within the contracted power is 7 kW (determined from the air conditioning power transition), the electricity charge is 20 yen/kWh, and the gas charge is 100 yen. /m ³ , EHP 112 rated capacity is 28 kW, rated power consumption is 10 kW, GHP 114 rated capacity is 56 kW, rated power consumption is 1 kW, rated gas consumption is 40 kW, and the requested air conditioning load factor is 60%. . Here, the case of using the EHP 112 and the GHP 114 for cooling is described, and different parameters are referred to when using them for heating. In addition, the charges (for example, metered electricity charge, metered gas charge) used in the operation map generation process S208 are fixedly determined or updated (fluctuate) at predetermined time intervals, and the operation map , the toll for the target period (for example, the next day) may be referenced, and the driving map may be generated by reflecting the updated toll. In this way, an appropriate driving map can be generated regardless of changes in the air conditioning environment.

First, in order to satisfy the required air conditioning load factor of 60%, as shown in FIG. 7, a plurality of combinations of the operating load factors of the EHP 112 and the GHP 114 are proportionally divided. Specifically, the driving map generation unit 184 divides the driving load factor of the EHP 112 into 0 to 100% and multiplies the EHP 112 rating of 28 kW to derive each load. Here, the requested air conditioning load is 50.4 kW obtained by multiplying (rated 28 kW of the EHP 112 + rated 56 kW of the GHP 114) by 60%, so the GHP 114 bears the load that is less than 50.4 kW. Therefore, the load of the GHP 114 is a value obtained by subtracting the load of the EHP 112 from 50.4 kW, and the ratio of the load of the GHP 114 to the rated 56 kW is the operating load factor of the GHP 114 .

Subsequently, the driving map generation unit 184 determines the relationship between the driving load factor (%) and the input ratio (input/rated) in FIG. 8A, and the outside temperature (° C.) and the input ratio in FIG. (input/rated), the derived operating load factor of the EHP 112 and the GHP 114, the rated power consumption of the EHP 112 of 10 kW, the rated power consumption of the GHP 114 of 1 kW, the rated gas consumption of 40 kW, and FIG. From the relationship (b), the power consumption of the EHP 112, the power consumption of the GHP 114, and the gas consumption of the GHP 114 are derived.

Next, the operation map generating unit 184 adds the power consumption of the EHP 112 and the power consumption of the GHP 114 to derive the total power consumption, and multiplies the metered power charge of 20 yen/kWh for 0.5 hours to derive the power charge. . Similarly, the operation map generation unit 184 converts the gas consumption of the GHP 114 back into volume, and multiplies 100 yen/m ³ by 0.5 hours to derive the gas rate. Finally, the driving map generation unit 184 adds the electricity rate and the gas rate to derive the total rate.

Here, considering the condition that the EHP 112 and the GHP 114 can use 7 kW of power within the contract power, the total power consumption is 7 kW or less in the combination corresponding to the operating load factor of the EHP 112 of 0 to 60%. Among them, the total charge for the combination of the operating load factor of 60% for the EHP 112 and the operating load factor of 60% for the GHP 114 is the lowest at 136 yen. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 6, the operating load factor of the EHP 112 is set to 60% and the operating load factor of the GHP 114 is set to 60% at the required air conditioning load factor of 60% at 13:00. In this way, it is possible to set the operating load factors of the EHP 112 and the GHP 114 so as to minimize the sum of the electricity and gas charges for a plurality of different air conditioning load factors.

By the way, as described above, in the present embodiment, facility power transitions and air conditioning power transitions are considered separately, facility power transitions are regarded as quantitative fluctuations, and are estimated from the predicted future outside temperature, etc., and the predicted facility power transitions are calculated. The operating load factors of the EHP 112 and the GHP 114 are controlled each time according to the change in the air conditioning power transition, using an operation map that assumes that the air conditioning will proceed at . Therefore, if the power transition excluding EHP 112 and GHP 114 is the same as the facility power transition, that is, if the power consumption is a linear curve with a slope of contract power / 30 minutes (hereinafter simply referred to as "reference curve") , EHP 112 and GHP 114, the power usage in a given time period (eg, 30 minutes) should be approximately equal to the contract power.

However, if the actual power transition excluding the EHP 112 and GHP 114 deviates from the facility power transition, even if the operating load factor of the EHP 112 and GHP 114 is appropriately controlled, the power consumption will differ from the contract power. Therefore, in this embodiment, a plurality of operation maps with different air-conditioning power transitions are prepared, and when the power consumption deviates from the reference curve, the plurality of operation maps are switched to perform appropriate control so as to approach the reference curve.

FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram showing another example of the driving map. Again, the horizontal axis indicates the time, and the vertical axis indicates the air conditioning load factor. Here, in addition to the facility power transition obtained by the facility power transition estimating unit 180, the air conditioning power transition deriving unit 182, in consideration of the case where the facility power transition fluctuates, provides stepwise in addition to the reference air conditioning power transition. A plurality of air conditioning power transitions are derived based on the plurality (here, two) facility power transitions. In addition to the operation map shown in FIG. 6 based on the reference air-conditioning power transition, the operation map generation unit 184 generates a plurality of different maps provided stepwise as shown in FIGS. A plurality of operation maps are generated based on (here, two) air conditioning power transitions.

For example, the − (minus) level operation map shown in FIG. 9( a ) is used when the power consumption of the EHP 112 or GHP 114 can be increased because the facility power transition is lower than expected. On the other hand, the + (plus) level operation map shown in FIG. 9(b) is used when the facility power transition is higher than expected and the power consumption of the EHP 112 or GHP 114 must be reduced. Switching control of such a plurality of driving maps will be described in detail later. Here, for convenience of explanation, an example of preparing a two-stage driving map of + and - in addition to the driving map that serves as a reference was explained, but the number and resolution of such driving maps can be set arbitrarily. .

(Air conditioning operation process S210)
The air conditioning operation unit 172 operates the EHP 112 and the GHP 114 at an operation load factor corresponding to the required air conditioning load factor according to the operation map generated by the operation map generation unit 184 . Then, the air-conditioning operation unit 172 switches a plurality of operation maps at predetermined time intervals so that the power consumption is equal to or less than the contracted power according to the power consumption actually measured in the facility.

FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram for explaining the air conditioning operation process S210. The air conditioning operation unit 172 refers to the reference level operation map shown in FIG. 6 and determines the respective operating load factors for the EHP 112 and GHP 114 according to the required air conditioning load factor at that time. Then, the operation map is reviewed at each control timing (for example, 10 seconds), and when the operation map is switched, the operating load factor of each of the EHP 112 and the GHP 114 is determined according to the switched operation map. Operation map switching determination is performed as follows. In other words, if the EHP 112 and GHP 114 continue to be used with this trend, at the timing of determining the next power usage, predict how much the power usage will be, and if that value becomes 90% or less of the contract power , Switching to the - level operation map shown in FIG. %, the map is switched to the + level driving map shown in FIG. 9(b).

For example, in the example of FIG. 10, it is desirable that the power consumption indicated by the solid line transitions on the reference curve indicated by the dashed line. However, when the transition of the power consumption deviates from the reference curve and the tangent line indicates 90% or less of the contracted power at time A, the air conditioning operation unit 172 switches the operation map to the - level operation map. Thus, the amount of power used approaches the baseline curve. Also, at time point B, when the tangent line becomes greater than 90% of the contract power and less than or equal to 100%, the air conditioning operation unit 172 returns the operation map to the operation map of the reference level. Also, at time point C, when the tangent becomes greater than 100% of the contract power, the air conditioning operation unit 172 switches the operation map to a + level operation map. Thus, the amount of power used approaches the baseline curve. Also, at point D, when the tangent line becomes greater than 90% of the contract power and less than or equal to 100%, the air conditioning operation unit 172 returns the operation map to the reference level operation map.

With such a configuration for switching operation maps, power consumption is appropriately controlled so as to approach the reference curve. In addition, here, the target value of the power consumption is set to 95% of the contract power so that the power consumption does not exceed the reference curve. I have to.

By controlling the operating load factors of the EHP 112 and the GHP 114 using the operating map in this manner, the following effects can be obtained. That is, in the present embodiment, the facility power transition and the air conditioning power transition are separately considered, and on the assumption that the facility power transition changes quantitatively, the EHP 112 and the GHP 114 are controlled according to the air conditioning load factor required at that time. there is Therefore, if the power transition excluding the EHP 112 and GHP 114 is the same as the facility power transition, the power consumption will transition at a value close to the reference curve with high accuracy without predicting the power consumption at the timing of determining the power consumption. will do.

Moreover, even if the amount of electric power used deviates from the reference curve, it can be quickly brought closer to the reference curve by switching between a plurality of operation maps that appropriately return to the vicinity of the reference curve. Therefore, the EHP 112 and the GHP 114 can be efficiently operated by suppressing fluctuations in the operating load factor, and the total charge can be minimized.

In addition, once the air conditioning operation unit 172 acquires a plurality of operation maps, it does not require communication until the period defined by the operation map ends, so the communication load with the management server 120 can be kept to a minimum. can be done.

(Modification)
In the above embodiment, the GHP114 was taken as an example of the gas consumption unit. However, the gas consumption unit is not limited to its configuration as long as it has a gas consumption device and can heat or cool the refrigerant or water. For example, the gas consumption unit may comprise a GHP chiller 500 for heating or cooling water, or an absorption chiller heater 600 .

Also, in the above embodiment, the EHP 112 was taken as an example of the power consumption unit. However, the power consuming unit has power consuming equipment and is not limited in configuration as long as it can heat or cool coolant or water. For example, the power consumption unit may comprise an EHP chiller 700 or a turbo chiller 800 for heating or cooling water.

In addition, when the gas consumption unit is configured to include the GHP chiller 500 or the absorption chiller-heater 600, the GHP indoor heat exchanger 156 is heated by the GHP chiller 500 or the absorption chiller-heater 600. Or the cooled water circulates.

In addition, when the power consumption unit is configured to include the EHP chiller 700 or the turbo chiller 800, the EHP indoor heat exchanger 146 is heated or cooled by the EHP chiller 700 or the turbo chiller 800. water circulates.

Examples of the GHP chiller 500, the absorption chiller-heater 600, the EHP chiller 700, and the centrifugal chiller 800 will be described below.

[GHP Chiller 500]
FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating the GHP chiller 500. As shown in FIG. In FIG. 11, the flow of the refrigerant during cooling is indicated by solid arrows. Further, in FIG. 11, the flow of cooling water is indicated by dashed arrows.

As shown in FIG. 11, the GHP chiller 500 includes a refrigerant pipe 510 through which refrigerant circulates, a gas engine 512 (gas consuming device), and an engine-driven compressor 514 (gas consuming device) driven by the gas engine 512. , a four-way valve 520, a chiller outdoor heat exchanger 530 that exchanges heat between the refrigerant and outdoor air, a chiller air blowing unit 532 that sends air to the chiller outdoor heat exchanger 530 to promote heat exchange, and decompresses the refrigerant. and a cooling water heat exchanger 550 .

The outlet of the engine-driven compressor 514 is connected by a refrigerant pipe 510 to the first port of the four-way valve 520 (indicated by “1” in FIG. 11), and the inlet of the engine-driven compressor 514 is connected by the refrigerant pipe 510 to the four-way It is connected to the third port of valve 520 (indicated by "3" in FIG. 11). In addition, one end side of the chiller outdoor heat exchanger 530 is connected to the second port (indicated by “2” in FIG. 11 ) of the four-way valve 520 through the refrigerant pipe 510 . The other end side of the chiller outdoor heat exchanger 530 is connected to one end side of the decompression section 540 by the refrigerant pipe 510 . The other end side of pressure reducing section 540 is connected to one end side of cooling water heat exchanger 550 by refrigerant pipe 510 . The other end of the cooling water heat exchanger 550 is connected to the fourth port (indicated by “4” in FIG. 11) of the four-way valve 520 through a refrigerant pipe 510 . Therefore, when the engine-driven compressor 514 is driven, the refrigerant circulates through the refrigerant pipes 510 and the refrigerant pipes 510 form a series of circulation paths.

Also, the cooling water heat exchanger 550 exchanges heat between the refrigerant and the cooling water returned from the GHP indoor heat exchanger 156 through the cooling water return pipe 50 . The cooling water heat-exchanged by the cooling water heat exchanger 550 is led to the GHP indoor heat exchanger 156 through the cooling water feed pipe 60 . Also, the air conditioning control unit 118 controls the entire GHP chiller 500 (for example, the gas engine 512, the chiller blower unit 532, various sensors, etc.).

In addition, when the GHP indoor heat exchanger 156 functions as cooling, the first port and the second port of the four-way valve 520 are connected, and the fourth port and the third port are connected. , and the compressed refrigerant is delivered to the chiller outdoor heat exchanger 530 . On the other hand, when the GHP indoor heat exchanger 156 is to function as a heater, by connecting the first port and the fourth port of the four-way valve 520 and connecting the second port and the third port, the solid line in FIG. The refrigerant is circulated in the direction opposite to the direction indicated by the arrow in , and the compressed refrigerant is delivered to the cooling water heat exchanger 550 .

[Absorption chiller heater 600]
FIG. 12 is a diagram for explaining the absorption chiller-heater 600. As shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 12, the absorption chiller-heater 600 (gas consuming equipment) includes an evaporator 610, an absorber 620, a regenerator 630, a condenser 640, a cooling tower 650, and a cooling water circulation path 660. Consists of In FIG. 12 , solid arrows indicate the flow of water, absorption liquid, and water vapor circulating in the absorption chiller-heater 600 . Further, in FIG. 12, the flow of cooling water circulating in the cooling water circulation path 660 is indicated by dashed-dotted arrows. Further, in FIG. 12, the flow of cooling water circulating in the GHP indoor heat exchanger 156 is indicated by dashed arrows.

Evaporator 610 includes an evaporative heat exchanger 612 therein. The evaporative heat exchanger 612 has one end connected to the cooling water return pipe 50 and the other end connected to the cooling water feed pipe 60 . When the GHP indoor heat exchanger 156 functions as a cooler, the evaporator 610 evaporates water (liquid) led from a condenser 640, which will be described later, and cools the evaporative heat exchanger 612 with the heat of vaporization. Also, when the GHP indoor heat exchanger 156 functions as heating, the evaporator 610 heats the evaporative heat exchanger 612 with high-temperature steam guided from the regenerator 630, which will be described later.

In the evaporator 610 , the steam after heat exchange with the evaporative heat exchanger 612 is guided to the absorber 620 .

The absorber 620 brings the water vapor led from the evaporator 610 into contact with the absorbent (lean absorbent) led from the later-described regenerator 630 to dissolve the water vapor into the absorbent. The absorption liquid is, for example, an aqueous solution of lithium bromide. The absorbing liquid in which water vapor is dissolved (rich absorbing liquid) is led to the regenerator 630 .

Also provided within the absorber 620 is an absorption heat exchanger 622 for cooling the absorbing liquid in order to improve the dissolution of water vapor into the absorbing liquid.

The regenerator 630 (gas consuming device) has a burner that burns gas, and heats the rich absorbent with the burner. Then, the water vapor is vaporized from the rich absorbing liquid, and the water vapor is removed from the rich absorbing liquid. In regenerator 630 , vaporized water vapor is led to evaporator 610 or condenser 640 . Also, the lean absorbent from which water vapor has been removed is returned to absorber 620 .

Condenser 640 includes a condensing heat exchanger 642 therein. Condensing heat exchanger 642 heat-exchanges cooling water guided from cooling tower 650 through cooling water circulation path 660 (to be described later) and steam guided from regenerator 630 . This cools (condenses) the water vapor into water. Water produced in condenser 640 is led to evaporator 610 .

Cooling tower 650 includes tower heat exchanger 652 therein. The tower heat exchanger 652 exchanges heat between the cooling water led from the condensing heat exchanger 642 through the cooling water circuit 660 and the outside air. The cooling water cooled by the condensation heat exchanger 642 is led to the absorption heat exchanger 622 through the cooling water circulation path 660 .

The cooling water heated by heat exchange with the absorbing liquid in the absorption heat exchanger 622 is further heated in the condensation heat exchanger 642 and guided to the tower heat exchanger 652 .

Also, the air conditioning control unit 118 controls the entire absorption chiller-heater 600 (for example, burners, valves 680 and 682, various sensors, etc.).

When the GHP indoor heat exchanger 156 functions as heating, the air conditioning control unit 118 opens the valve 680 provided in the pipe connecting the regenerator 630 and the evaporator 610, and the regenerator 630 and the condenser 640 closes the valve 682 provided in the pipe connecting the . In addition, when the GHP indoor heat exchanger 156 functions as cooling, the air conditioning control unit 118 closes the valve 680 provided in the pipe connecting the regenerator 630 and the evaporator 610, and closes the regenerator 630 and the condenser. The valve 682 provided in the pipe connecting the 640 is opened.

[EHP Chiller 700]
FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating the EHP chiller 700. As shown in FIG. In FIG. 13, the flow of the refrigerant during cooling is indicated by solid arrows. Further, in FIG. 13, the flow of cooling water is indicated by dashed arrows.

As shown in FIG. 13, the EHP chiller 700 includes a refrigerant pipe 710 through which refrigerant circulates, an electric motor 712 (electric power consumption device), an electrically driven compressor 714 (electric power consumption device) using the electric motor 712 as a drive source, A four-way valve 720, a chiller outdoor heat exchanger 730 that exchanges heat between the refrigerant and outdoor air, a chiller air blower 732 that sends air to the chiller outdoor heat exchanger 730 to promote heat exchange, and a pressure reduction that reduces the pressure of the refrigerant. It includes a portion 740 (expansion valve) and a cooling water heat exchanger 750 .

The outlet of the electrically driven compressor 714 is connected by a refrigerant pipe 710 to the first port of the four-way valve 720 (indicated by “1” in FIG. 13), and the inlet of the electrically driven compressor 714 is connected by the refrigerant pipe 710 to the four-way It is connected to the third port of valve 720 (indicated by "3" in FIG. 13). In addition, one end side of the chiller outdoor heat exchanger 730 is connected to the second port (indicated by “2” in FIG. 13 ) of the four-way valve 720 through a refrigerant pipe 710 . The other end side of the chiller outdoor heat exchanger 730 is connected to one end side of the decompression section 740 by a refrigerant pipe 710 . The other end of decompression section 740 is connected to one end of cooling water heat exchanger 750 by refrigerant pipe 710 . The other end of the cooling water heat exchanger 750 is connected to the fourth port (indicated by “4” in FIG. 13) of the four-way valve 720 through a refrigerant pipe 710 . Therefore, when the electrically driven compressor 714 is driven, the refrigerant circulates through the refrigerant pipes 710 and the refrigerant pipes 710 form a series of circulation paths.

Also, the cooling water heat exchanger 750 exchanges heat between the refrigerant and the cooling water returned from the EHP indoor heat exchanger 146 through the cooling water return pipe 50 . The cooling water heat-exchanged by the cooling water heat exchanger 750 is led to the EHP indoor heat exchanger 146 through the cooling water feed pipe 60 .

Also, the air conditioning control unit 118 controls the entire EHP chiller 700 (for example, the electric motor 712, the chiller blower unit 732, various sensors, etc.).

In addition, when the EHP indoor heat exchanger 146 is to function as a cooler, by connecting the first port and the second port of the four-way valve 720 and connecting the fourth port and the third port, the solid line in FIG. , and the compressed refrigerant is delivered to the chiller outdoor heat exchanger 730 . On the other hand, when the EHP indoor heat exchanger 146 is to function as a heater, by connecting the first port and the fourth port of the four-way valve 720 and connecting the second port and the third port, the solid line in FIG. , and the compressed refrigerant is delivered to the cooling water heat exchanger 750 .

[Turbo refrigerator 800]
FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating the turbo chiller 800. As shown in FIG. The turbo chiller 800 causes the EHP indoor heat exchanger 146 to function as a cooler. As shown in FIG. 14, a turbo chiller 800 includes a refrigerant pipe 810 through which a refrigerant circulates, an electric motor 812 (electric power consumption device), and an electrically driven turbo compressor 814 (electric power consumption device) using the electric motor 812 as a drive source. , a condenser 820 , a decompression section 830 and an evaporator 840 . In addition, in FIG. 14, the flow of the refrigerant is indicated by solid arrows. Further, in FIG. 14, the flow of cooling water circulating in the EHP indoor heat exchanger 146 is indicated by dashed arrows.

An electrically driven turbo compressor 814 compresses the refrigerant. The electrically driven turbo compressor 814 is, for example, a centrifugal compressor. Refrigerant compressed by electrically driven turbo compressor 814 is directed to condenser 820 .

Condenser 820 includes a condensing heat exchanger 822 therein. Cooling water cooled by a cooling tower (not shown) or an air heat exchanger is guided to the condensing heat exchanger 822 . The cooling water heated by exchanging heat with the refrigerant in the condensing heat exchanger 822 is returned to the cooling tower or the air heat exchanger.

The decompression unit 830 is composed of an expansion valve or an economizer. The refrigerant expanded by decompression section 830 is guided to evaporator 840 .

Evaporator 840 includes a cooling water heat exchanger 842 therein. The cooling water heat exchanger 842 exchanges heat between the refrigerant and the cooling water returned from the EHP indoor heat exchanger 146 through the cooling water return pipe 50 . The cooling water heat-exchanged by the cooling water heat exchanger 842 is led to the EHP indoor heat exchanger 146 through the cooling water feed pipe 60 .

Also, the air conditioning control unit 118 controls the entire turbo chiller 800 (for example, the electric motor 812, various sensors, etc.).

Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, it goes without saying that the present invention is not limited to such embodiments. It is obvious that a person skilled in the art can conceive of various modifications or modifications within the scope described in the claims, and these also belong to the technical scope of the present invention. Understood.

For example, in the above-described embodiment, if the EHP 112 and the GHP 114 continue to be used in the same trend at the control timing, the power consumption is predicted at the next power consumption determination timing, An example of so-called open control, in which a plurality of operation maps are switched according to what percentage of the contract power the value corresponds to, has been described. However, the control method is not limited to this case, and by predicting how much power usage will be at the next determination timing of power usage and feeding back the value, close control that targets the contract power Various existing control methods such as (feedback control) can be adopted.

Further, in the above-described embodiment, the EHP 112 and the GHP 114 are configured independently, and each has an outdoor heat exchanger, an indoor heat exchanger, and a refrigerant circuit. As long as the electric motor 140 and the electrically driven compressor 142 and the gas engine 150 and the engine driven compressor 152 are independent, any one or more of the components can be made common and integrally constructed. good too. For example, the indoor heat exchangers and refrigerant circuits of the EHP112 and GHP114 may be shared to form a hybrid type, or the outdoor heat exchangers, indoor heat exchangers and refrigerant circuits of the EHP112 and GHP114 may be shared to form an all-in-one type. can also

Further, in the above-described embodiment, the management server 120 and the air conditioner 110 are described as separate entities. However, the embodiment can also be realized with only the air conditioner 110 .

Further, in the above-described embodiment, an example has been described in which the future electric power transition is predicted on a day-by-day basis and the operation map is generated on a daily basis, based on the predicted future outside temperature, etc., for the next day, etc. The period is not limited to days, but may be hours, minutes, or years. For example, if the driving map is updated on an hourly basis, if the forecasted outside temperature changes in the future, it will be reflected and a new driving map will be generated before the target period starts. You can also update your driving map. With such a configuration, it is possible to efficiently operate the EHP 112 and the GHP 114 in real time.

In the above-described embodiment, the gas engine 150, the engine-driven compressor 152, and the GHP outdoor heat exchanger 154 are used as gas consuming devices, and the electric motor 140, the electrically driven compressor 142, and , the EHP outdoor heat exchanger 144 was taken as an example. However, as the gas consuming equipment, one or more selected from the group consisting of the gas engine 150, the engine-driven compressor 152, the GHP outdoor heat exchanger 154, the GHP chiller 500, and the absorption chiller-heater 600 is used. may be adopted. In addition, one or more selected from the group consisting of the electric motor 140, the electrically driven compressor 142, the EHP outdoor heat exchanger 144, the EHP chiller 700, and the centrifugal chiller 800 is employed as the power consumption device. good too.

Also, the air conditioner 110 may include a plurality of power consumption units. Similarly, the air conditioner 110 may comprise multiple gas consumption units.

Also provided are a program that causes a computer to function as the air conditioner 110 and the management server 120, and a computer-readable storage medium such as a flexible disk, a magneto-optical disk, a ROM, a CD, a DVD, and a BD that records the program. be. Here, the program means data processing means written in any language or writing method.

It should be noted that each step of the air conditioning method of the present specification does not necessarily have to be processed chronologically in the order described in the flow chart, and may include parallel or subroutine processing.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION This invention can be utilized for the air conditioning system and the air conditioning method which condition indoor air.

10 Facility 100 Air Conditioning System 110 Air Conditioning Apparatus 112 EHP (Power Consumption Unit)
114 GHP (gas consumption units)
120 management server 122 management communication unit 140 electric motor (power consumption equipment)
142 Electrically Driven Compressors (Power Consuming Equipment)
150 gas engines (gas consuming equipment)
152 Engine Driven Compressor (Gas Consuming Equipment)
170 Facility power transition derivation unit 172 Air conditioning operation unit 180 Facility power transition estimation unit 182 Air conditioning power transition derivation unit 184 Operation map generation unit 500 GHP chiller (gas consumption unit)
512 Gas Engines (Gas Consuming Equipment)
514 Engine Driven Compressor (Gas Consuming Equipment)
600 Absorption chiller heater (gas consumption unit)
630 regenerator (gas consuming equipment)
700 EHP chiller (power consumption unit)
712 Electric Motors (Power Consuming Devices)
714 Electrically Driven Compressors (Power Consuming Equipment)
800 turbo refrigerator (power consumption unit)
812 Electric Motors (Power Consuming Devices)
814 Electric Driven Turbo Compressor (Power Consuming Equipment)

Claims (4)

a power consuming unit that has at least a power consumer and that heats or cools a refrigerant or water;
a gas consuming unit for heating or cooling a refrigerant or water, comprising at least a gas consuming device;
with
The price of electricity is determined at least according to the contracted power, the price of gas is determined at least according to the amount of gas used,
a facility power transition derivation unit that derives a facility power transition that is a power transition excluding the power consumption unit and the gas consumption unit in the facility;
a facility power transition estimating unit for estimating the future transition of the facility power from the past transition of the facility power and the predicted future outside temperature;
an air conditioning power transition deriving unit that subtracts the future facility power transition from the contract power to derive an air conditioning power transition that is the power transition that can be used by the power consumption unit and the gas consumption unit;
deriving the operating load factors of the power consumption unit and the gas consumption unit so that the sum of the charges of the power and the gas is minimized for each of a plurality of different air conditioning load factors based on the air conditioning power transition; an operation map generation unit that generates an operation map in which the air conditioning load factor and the operation load factor of the power consumption unit and the gas consumption unit are associated with each other;
an air conditioning operation unit that operates the power consumption unit and the gas consumption unit at an operating load factor corresponding to a required air conditioning load factor according to the operation map;
An air conditioning system further comprising: The operation map generation unit generates a plurality of combinations in which the operation load factors of the power consumption unit and the gas consumption unit are proportionally divided so as to satisfy an arbitrary air conditioning load factor. 2. The air conditioning system according to claim 1, wherein a combination that minimizes the sum of is set as the operating load factor of the power consumption unit and the gas consumption unit with respect to the arbitrary air conditioning load factor. The operation map generation unit generates a plurality of the operation maps based on a plurality of the air conditioning power transitions provided in stages,
The air conditioning system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the air conditioning operation unit switches between the plurality of operation maps so that the power consumption actually measured in the facility is equal to or less than the contract power. In an air conditioning system comprising a power consumption unit having at least power consumption equipment for heating or cooling refrigerant or water and a gas consumption unit having at least gas consumption equipment for heating or cooling refrigerant or water An air conditioning method, wherein the electricity charge is determined at least according to the contract power, the gas charge is determined at least according to the amount of gas used,
deriving a facility power transition that is a power transition excluding the power consumption unit and the gas consumption unit in the facility;
estimating the future power transition of the facility from the past power transition of the facility and the predicted future outside temperature;
Subtracting the future facility power transition from the contract power to derive an air conditioning power transition that is the power transition that can be used by the power consumption unit and the gas consumption unit,
deriving the operating load factors of the power consumption unit and the gas consumption unit so that the sum of the charges of the power and the gas is minimized for each of a plurality of different air conditioning load factors based on the air conditioning power transition; generating an operation map that associates the air conditioning load factor with the operating load factor of the power consumption unit and the gas consumption unit;
An air conditioning method for operating the power consumption unit and the gas consumption unit at an operating load factor corresponding to a required air conditioning load factor according to the operation map.

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