JP7144422B2 - 有機化合物、発光素子、表示装置、電子機器及び照明装置 - Google Patents
有機化合物、発光素子、表示装置、電子機器及び照明装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7144422B2 JP7144422B2 JP2019536000A JP2019536000A JP7144422B2 JP 7144422 B2 JP7144422 B2 JP 7144422B2 JP 2019536000 A JP2019536000 A JP 2019536000A JP 2019536000 A JP2019536000 A JP 2019536000A JP 7144422 B2 JP7144422 B2 JP 7144422B2
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- PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridazine Chemical group C1=CC=NN=C1 PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003222 pyridines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229940083082 pyrimidine derivative acting on arteriolar smooth muscle Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003230 pyrimidines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000714 pyrimidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000168 pyrrolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003248 quinolines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002943 quinolinyl group Chemical group N1=C(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 150000003252 quinoxalines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002909 rare earth metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002964 rayon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- WPPDXAHGCGPUPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N red 2 Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C(C1=CC=CC=C11)=C(C=2C=3C4=CC=C5C6=CC=C7C8=C(C=9C=CC=CC=9)C9=CC=CC=C9C(C=9C=CC=CC=9)=C8C8=CC=C(C6=C87)C(C=35)=CC=2)C4=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 WPPDXAHGCGPUPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910003449 rhenium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001925 ruthenium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(iv) oxide Chemical compound O=[Ru]=O WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OQRNKLRIQBVZHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N selanylideneantimony Chemical compound [Sb]=[Se] OQRNKLRIQBVZHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OMEPJWROJCQMMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N selanylidenebismuth;selenium Chemical compound [Se].[Bi]=[Se].[Bi]=[Se] OMEPJWROJCQMMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IRPLSAGFWHCJIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N selanylidenecopper Chemical compound [Se]=[Cu] IRPLSAGFWHCJIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GGYFMLJDMAMTAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N selanylidenelead Chemical compound [Pb]=[Se] GGYFMLJDMAMTAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YQMLDSWXEQOSPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N selanylidenemercury Chemical compound [Hg]=[Se] YQMLDSWXEQOSPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MFIWAIVSOUGHLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N selenium;tin Chemical compound [Sn]=[Se] MFIWAIVSOUGHLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004054 semiconductor nanocrystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000005361 soda-lime glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011775 sodium fluoride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013024 sodium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052566 spinel group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021286 stilbenes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SEEPANYCNGTZFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfadiazine Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)NC1=NC=CC=N1 SEEPANYCNGTZFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YPMOSINXXHVZIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylideneantimony Chemical compound [Sb]=S YPMOSINXXHVZIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VDNSGQQAZRMTCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylidenegermanium Chemical compound [Ge]=S VDNSGQQAZRMTCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QXKXDIKCIPXUPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylidenemercury Chemical compound [Hg]=S QXKXDIKCIPXUPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003462 sulfoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GFYHSKONPJXCDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N sym-collidine Natural products CC1=CN=C(C)C(C)=C1 GFYHSKONPJXCDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940042055 systemic antimycotics triazole derivative Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UCMJLSDIXYLIDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellanylidenebarium Chemical compound [Ba]=[Te] UCMJLSDIXYLIDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PUZSUGPVBHGJRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellanylideneberyllium Chemical compound [Te]=[Be] PUZSUGPVBHGJRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFTQLBVSSQWOKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellanylidenecalcium Chemical compound [Te]=[Ca] UFTQLBVSSQWOKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellanylidenegermanium Chemical compound [Te]=[Ge] JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OCGWQDWYSQAFTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellanylidenelead Chemical compound [Pb]=[Te] OCGWQDWYSQAFTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XPDICGYEJXYUDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraarsenic tetrasulfide Chemical compound S1[As]2S[As]3[As]1S[As]2S3 XPDICGYEJXYUDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IFLREYGFSNHWGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC4=CC=CC=C4C=C3C=C21 IFLREYGFSNHWGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003518 tetracenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000003577 thiophenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WYUZTTNXJUJWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin telluride Chemical compound [Te]=[Sn] WYUZTTNXJUJWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AFNRRBXCCXDRPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin(ii) sulfide Chemical compound [Sn]=S AFNRRBXCCXDRPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003918 triazines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004306 triazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001425 triazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- TUQOTMZNTHZOKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylphosphine Chemical compound CCCCP(CCCC)CCCC TUQOTMZNTHZOKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGJSAGBHFTXOTM-UHFFFAOYSA-K trifluoroerbium Chemical compound F[Er](F)F QGJSAGBHFTXOTM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- FPZZZGJWXOHLDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trihexylphosphane Chemical compound CCCCCCP(CCCCCC)CCCCCC FPZZZGJWXOHLDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZMBHCYHQLYEYDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trioctylphosphine oxide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCP(=O)(CCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCC ZMBHCYHQLYEYDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005580 triphenylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- KCTAHLRCZMOTKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripropylphosphane Chemical compound CCCP(CCC)CCC KCTAHLRCZMOTKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- COIOYMYWGDAQPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-methylphenyl)phosphane Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C(=CC=CC=1)C)C1=CC=CC=C1C COIOYMYWGDAQPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000870 ultraviolet spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N vertaline Natural products C1C2C=3C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=3OC(C=C3)=CC=C3CCC(=O)OC1CC1N2CCCC1 PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYQCBJZGELKKPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc indium(3+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Zn+2].[O-2].[In+3] OYQCBJZGELKKPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc indium(3+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[Zn++].[In+3] YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HTPBWAPZAJWXKY-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;quinolin-8-olate Chemical compound [Zn+2].C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1.C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1 HTPBWAPZAJWXKY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
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- C07D209/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D209/56—Ring systems containing three or more rings
- C07D209/80—[b, c]- or [b, d]-condensed
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- C07D209/56—Ring systems containing three or more rings
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- C07D407/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D405/00 containing three or more hetero rings
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- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
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- G09F9/00—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements
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Description
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様の有機化合物について、以下説明する。
置換または無置換のフェニル基、ビフェニル基、ナフチル基、トリフェニリル基、フルオレニル基、カルバゾリル基、ジベンゾチオフェニル基、ジベンゾフラニル基、ベンゾフルオレニル基、ベンゾカルバゾリル基、ナフトベンゾチオフェニル基、ナフトベンゾフラニル基、ジベンゾフルオレニル基、ジベンゾカルバゾリル基、ジナフトチオフェニル基、ジナフトフラニル基、フェナントリル基、トリアジニル基、ピリミジニル基、ピラジニル基、トリアゾリル基、ピリジニル基、ベンゾフロピリミジニル基、ベンゾチオピリミジニル基、ベンゾフロピラジニル基、ベンゾチオピラジニル基、ベンゾフロピリジニル基、ベンゾチオピリジニル基、ビカルバゾリル基等が挙げられる。ただし、該炭素数6乃至100のアリール基、炭素数3乃至100のヘテロアリール基はこれに限られない。
一般式(G0)乃至(G3)、(G1-1)及び(G1-2)において、Ar1及びAr3乃至Ar8で表される置換もしくは無置換の炭素数6乃至25のアリーレン基としては、例えば、フェニレン基、ナフタレンジイル基、フルオレンジイル基、ビフェニルジイル基、スピロフルオレンジイル基、ターフェニルジイル基などが挙げられる。特にフェニレン基、ビフェニルジイル基を用いると他のアリーレン基と比較して安価でかつ、分子量が小さくなるため、良好な昇華性を得ることができるため好ましい。具体的には、下記構造式(Ar-1)乃至(Ar-27)で表される基を適用することができる。なお、Arで表される基はこれらに限定されず、置換基を有していても良い。
一般式(G0)乃至(G3)として表される化合物の具体的な構造としては、下記構造式(100)乃至(175)で表される有機化合物等を挙げることができる。なお、一般式(G0)乃至(G3)として表される有機化合物は、下記例示に限られない。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様である有機化合物を有する発光素子の構成例を、図1を用いて以下に説明する。
次に、上記青色蛍光素子の構成例について図1(A)、図1(B)、図1(C)を用いて説明する。
・Host(131):ホスト材料131
・Guest(132):ゲスト材料132(蛍光材料)
・SFH:ホスト材料131のS1準位
・TFH:ホスト材料131のT1準位
・SFG:ゲスト材料132(蛍光材料)のS1準位
・TFG:ゲスト材料132(蛍光材料)のT1準位
次に、本発明の一態様に係わる発光素子の構成要素の詳細について、以下説明を行う。
発光層130中では、ホスト材料131が少なくともゲスト材料132より重量比で多く存在し、ゲスト材料132(蛍光材料)は、ホスト材料131中に分散される。なお、発光層130において、ホスト材料131は、一種の化合物から構成されていても良く、複数の化合物から構成されていても良い。
正孔注入層111は、一対の電極の一方(電極101または電極102)からのホール注入障壁を低減することでホール注入を促進する機能を有し、例えば遷移金属酸化物、フタロシアニン誘導体、あるいは芳香族アミンなどによって形成される。遷移金属酸化物としては、モリブデン酸化物やバナジウム酸化物、ルテニウム酸化物、タングステン酸化物、マンガン酸化物などが挙げられる。フタロシアニン誘導体としては、フタロシアニンや金属フタロシアニンなどが挙げられる。芳香族アミンとしてはベンジジン誘導体やフェニレンジアミン誘導体などが挙げられる。ポリチオフェンやポリアニリンなどの高分子化合物を用いることもでき、例えば自己ドープされたポリチオフェンであるポリ(エチレンジオキシチオフェン)/ポリ(スチレンスルホン酸)などがその代表例である。
正孔輸送層112は正孔輸送材料を含む層であり、正孔注入層111の材料として例示した正孔輸送材料を使用することができる。正孔輸送層112は正孔注入層111に注入された正孔を発光層130へ輸送する機能を有するため、正孔注入層111のHOMO準位と同じ、あるいは近いHOMO準位を有することが好ましい。
電子輸送層118は、電子注入層119を経て一対の電極の他方(電極101または電極102)から注入された電子を発光層130へ輸送する機能を有する。電子輸送性材料としては、正孔よりも電子の輸送性の高い材料を用いることができ、1×10-6cm2/Vs以上の電子移動度を有する材料であることが好ましい。電子を受け取りやすい化合物(電子輸送性を有する材料)としては、含窒素複素芳香族化合物のようなπ電子不足型複素芳香族や金属錯体などを用いることができる。具体的には、キノリン配位子、ベンゾキノリン配位子、オキサゾール配位子、あるいはチアゾール配位子を有する金属錯体、オキサジアゾール誘導体、トリアゾール誘導体、ベンゾイミダゾール誘導体、キノキサリン誘導体、ジベンゾキノキサリン誘導体、フェナントロリン誘導体、ピリジン誘導体、ビピリジン誘導体、ピリミジン誘導体、トリアジン誘導体などが挙げられる。なお、正孔よりも電子の輸送性の高い物質であれば、上記以外の物質を電子輸送層として用いても構わない。また、電子輸送層118は、単層のものだけでなく、上記物質からなる層が二層以上積層したものとしてもよい。
電子注入層119は電極102からの電子注入障壁を低減することで電子注入を促進する機能を有し、例えば第1族金属、第2族金属、あるいはこれらの酸化物、ハロゲン化物、炭酸塩などを用いることができる。また、先に示す電子輸送性材料と、これに対して電子供与性を示す材料の複合材料を用いることもできる。電子供与性を示す材料としては、第1族金属、第2族金属、あるいはこれらの酸化物などを挙げることができる。具体的には、フッ化リチウム、フッ化ナトリウム、フッ化セシウム、フッ化カルシウム、リチウム酸化物等のようなアルカリ金属、アルカリ土類金属、またはそれらの化合物を用いることができる。また、フッ化エルビウムのような希土類金属化合物を用いることができる。また、電子注入層119にエレクトライドを用いてもよい。該エレクトライドとしては、例えば、カルシウムとアルミニウムの混合酸化物に電子を高濃度添加した物質等が挙げられる。また、電子注入層119に、電子輸送層118で用いることが出来る物質を用いても良い。
発光材料としては量子ドットも用いることができる。量子ドットは、数nmサイズの半導体ナノ結晶であり、1×103個から1×106個程度の原子から構成されている。量子ドットはサイズに依存してエネルギーシフトするため、同じ物質から構成される量子ドットであっても、サイズによって発光波長が異なり、用いる量子ドットのサイズを変更することによって容易に発光波長を調整することができる。
電極101及び電極102は、発光素子の陽極または陰極としての機能を有する。電極101及び電極102は、金属、合金、導電性化合物、及びこれらの混合物や積層体などを用いて形成することができる。
また、本発明の一態様に係る発光素子は、ガラス、プラスチックなどからなる基板上に作製すればよい。基板上に作製する順番としては、電極101側から順に積層しても、電極102側から順に積層しても良い。
本実施の形態においては、実施の形態3に示す発光素子の構成と異なる構成の発光素子、について、図2を用いて、以下説明を行う。なお、図2において、図1(A)に示す符号と同様の機能を有する箇所には、同様のハッチパターンとし、符号を省略する場合がある。また、同様の機能を有する箇所には、同様の符号を付し、その詳細な説明は省略する場合がある。
図2は、発光素子250の断面模式図である。
本実施の形態では実施の形態3及び実施の形態4で説明した発光素子を用いた発光装置について、図3(A)及び図3(B)を用いて説明する。
図4には表示装置の一例として、白色発光を呈する発光素子を形成し、着色層(カラーフィルタ)を形成した発光装置の例を示す。
トップエミッション型の発光装置の断面図を図5に示す。この場合、基板1001には光を通さない基板を用いることができる。TFTと発光素子の陽極とを接続する接続電極を作製するまでは、ボトムエミッション型の発光装置と同様に形成する。その後、第3の層間絶縁膜1037を電極1022を覆って形成する。この絶縁膜は平坦化の役割を担っていても良い。第3の層間絶縁膜1037は第2の層間絶縁膜1021と同様の材料の他、他の様々な材料を用いて形成することができる。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様の電子機器について説明する。
ゴーグル型ディスプレイは、例えば、筐体5000、表示部5001、スピーカ5003、LEDランプ5004、操作キー5005(電源スイッチ、又は操作スイッチを含む)、接続端子5006、センサ5007(力、変位、位置、速度、加速度、角速度、回転数、距離、光、液、磁気、温度、化学物質、音声、時間、硬度、電場、電流、電圧、電力、放射線、流量、湿度、傾度、振動、におい、又は赤外線を測定する機能を含むもの)、マイクロフォン5008、第2の表示部5002、支持部5012、イヤホン5013等を有する。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様の発光素子を様々な照明装置に適用する一例について、図10及び図11を用いて説明する。本発明の一態様である発光素子を用いることで、発光効率が良好な、信頼性の高い照明装置を作製できる。
200mL三口フラスコに5,9-ジブロモ-7-フェニル-7H-ジベンゾ[c,g]カルバゾールを1.5g(3.0mmol)、4-フェニルジフェニルアミンを2.2g(9.0mmol)、ナトリウム tert-ブトキシドを1.7g(18mmol)入れた。この混合物へ、トルエン30mLとトリ(tert-ブチル)ホスフィンの10%ヘキサン溶液0.2mLを加え、この混合物を減圧しながら攪拌することで脱気した。この混合物にビス(ジベンジリデンアセトン)パラジウム(0)を17mg(30μmol)加え、窒素気流下にて120℃で7時間加熱撹拌した。撹拌後、この混合物にトルエンを加え、フロリジール、セライト、アルミナを通して吸引ろ過し、濾液を得た。得られた濾液を濃縮して固体を得た。この固体をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(展開溶媒:ヘキサン:トルエン=7:3)で精製し、得られたフラクションを濃縮することで、固体を得た。得られた固体をトルエン/エタノールで再沈殿し、黄色固体を1.8g、収率74%で得た。本合成スキームを下記(A-1)に示す。
次に、5,9BPA2PcgDBCのトルエン溶液の吸収スペクトルおよび発光スペクトルを測定した結果を図13に示す。また、薄膜の吸収スペクトルおよび発光スペクトルを図14に示す。固体薄膜は石英基板上に真空蒸着法にて作製した。トルエン溶液の吸収スペクトルは、紫外可視分光光度計((株)日本分光製 V550型)を用いて測定し、トルエンのみを石英セルに入れて測定したスペクトルを差し引いて示した。また、薄膜の吸収スペクトルは、分光光度計((株)日立ハイテクノロジーズ製 分光光度計U4100)を用いた。また、薄膜の発光スペクトルの測定には、蛍光光度計((株)浜松ホトニクス製 FS920)を用いた。溶液の発光スペクトルの測定と量子収率は絶対PL量子収率測定装置((株)浜松ホトニクス製 Quantaurus-QY)を用いた。
200mL三口フラスコに5,9-ジブロモ-7-フェニル-7H-ジベンゾ[c,g]カルバゾールを1.1g(2.1mmol)、N-(3-メチルフェニル)-3-(9-フェニル-9H-フルオレン-9-イル)フェニルアミンを2.7g(6.3mmol)、ナトリウム tert-ブトキシドを1.2g(13mmol)入れた。この混合物へ、トルエン25mLとトリ(tert-ブチル)ホスフィンの10%ヘキサン溶液0.2mLを加え、この混合物を減圧しながら攪拌することで脱気した。この混合物にビス(ジベンジリデンアセトン)パラジウム(0)を24mg(42μmol)加え、窒素気流下にて110℃で13時間加熱撹拌した。撹拌後、この混合物にトルエンを加え、フロリジール、セライト、アルミナを通して吸引ろ過し、濾液を得た。得られた濾液を濃縮して固体を得た。この固体をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(展開溶:ヘキサン:トルエン=1:1)で精製し、フラクションを濃縮することで固体を得た。得られた固体をトルエン/エタノールで再結晶し、黄色固体を1.7g、収率68%で得た。ステップ1の合成スキームを下記式(A-2)に示す。
次に、5,9mMemFLPA2PcgDBCのトルエン溶液の吸収スペクトルおよび発光スペクトルを測定した結果を図17に示す。また、薄膜の吸収スペクトルおよび発光スペクトルを図18に示す。測定は実施例1と同様に行った。
200mL三口フラスコに5,9-ジブロモ-7-フェニル-7H-ジベンゾ[c,g]カルバゾールを1.1g(2.3mmol)、N-(6-フェニルベンゾ[b]ナフト[1,2-d]フラン-8-イル)フェニルアミンを2.2g(5.6mmol)、ナトリウム tert-ブトキシドを1.3g(14mmol)入れた。この混合物へ、トルエン25mLとトリ(tert-ブチル)ホスフィンの10%ヘキサン溶液0.2mLを加え、この混合物を減圧しながら攪拌することで脱気した。この混合物にビス(ジベンジリデンアセトン)パラジウム(0)を26mg(45μmol)加え、窒素気流下にて110℃で7時間加熱撹拌した。撹拌後、この混合物にトルエンを加え、フロリジール、セライト、アルミナを通して吸引ろ過し、濾液を得た。得られた濾液を濃縮して固体を得た。この固体をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(展開溶媒:ヘキサン:トルエン=2:1、次いでヘキサン:トルエン=3:2)で精製し、フラクションを濃縮することで固体を得た。得られた固体を酢酸エチル/エタノールで再結晶し、黄色固体を2.2g、収率86%で得た。ステップ1の合成スキームを下記式(A-3)に示す。
次に、5,9BnfA2PcgDBCのトルエン溶液の吸収スペクトルおよび発光スペクトルを測定した結果を図21に示す。また、薄膜の吸収スペクトルおよび発光スペクトルを図22に示す。測定は実施例1と同様に行った。
200mL三口フラスコに5,9-ジブロモ-7-フェニル-7H-ジベンゾ[c,g]カルバゾールを1.5g(2.9mmol)、4-アニリノジベンゾフランを2.4g(9.3mmol)、ナトリウム tert-ブトキシドを1.7g(17mmol)入れた。この混合物へ、トルエン30mLとトリ(tert-ブチル)ホスフィンの10%ヘキサン溶液0.2mLを加え、この混合物を減圧しながら攪拌することで脱気した。この混合物にビス(ジベンジリデンアセトン)パラジウム(0)を33mg(58.2μmol)加え、窒素気流下にて110℃で8時間加熱撹拌した。撹拌後、この混合物にトルエンを加え、フロリジール、セライト、アルミナを通して吸引ろ過し、濾液を得た。得られた濾液を濃縮して固体を得た。この固体をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(展開溶媒:ヘキサン:トルエン=2:1、次いでヘキサン:トルエン=3:2)で精製し、フラクションを濃縮することで固体を得た。得られた固体をトルエン/酢酸エチルで再結晶した。淡黄色固体を1.5g、収率60%で得た。ステップ1の合成スキームを下記式(A-4)に示す。
次に、5,9FrA2PcgDBC-IIのトルエン溶液の吸収スペクトルおよび発光スペクトルを測定した結果を図25に示す。また、薄膜の吸収スペクトルおよび発光スペクトルを図26に示す。測定は実施例1と同様に行った。
200mL三口フラスコに5,9-ジブロモ-7-フェニル-7H-ジベンゾ[c,g]カルバゾールを1.4g(2.8mmol)、N-(2,6-ジメチルフェニル)-4-ジフェニルアミンを1.9g(7.1mmol)、ナトリウム tert-ブトキシドを1.6g(17mmol)入れた。この混合物へ、トルエン30mLとトリ(tert-ブチル)ホスフィンの10%ヘキサン溶液0.2mLを加え、この混合物を減圧しながら攪拌することで脱気した。この混合物にビス(ジベンジリデンアセトン)パラジウム(0)を32mg(56μmol)加え、窒素気流下にて110℃で7.5時間加熱撹拌した。撹拌後、この混合物にトルエンを加え、フロリジール、セライト、アルミナを通して吸引ろ過し、濾液を得た。得られた濾液を濃縮して固体を得た。この固体をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(展開溶媒:ヘキサン:トルエン=2:1、次いでヘキサン:トルエン=3:2)で精製し、フラクションを濃縮することで固体を得た。得られた固体をトルエン/酢酸エチルで再結晶し、黄色固体を1.0g、収率40%で得た。ステップ1の合成スキームを下記式(A-5)に示す。
次に、5,9oDMeBPA2PcgDBCのトルエン溶液の吸収スペクトルおよび発光スペクトルを測定した結果を図29に示す。また、薄膜の吸収スペクトルおよび発光スペクトルを図30に示す。測定は実施例1と同様に行った。
200mL三口フラスコに5,9-ジブロモ-7-フェニル-7H-ジベンゾ[c,g]カルバゾールを1.3g(2.6mmol)、ビス(4-ビフェニリル)アミンを2.1g(6.4mmol)、ナトリウムtert-ブトキシドを1.5g(15mmol)入れた。この混合物へ、トルエン26mLとトリ(tert-ブチル)ホスフィンの10%ヘキサン溶液0.2mLを加え、この混合物を減圧しながら攪拌することで脱気した。この混合物にビス(ジベンジリデンアセトン)パラジウム(0)を29mg(51μmol)加え、窒素気流下にて110℃で15時間加熱撹拌した。撹拌後、この混合物にトルエンを加え、フロリジール、セライト、アルミナを通して吸引ろ過し、濾液を得た。得られた濾液を濃縮して固体を得た。この固体をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(展開溶媒:ヘキサン:トルエン=2:1、次いでヘキサン:トルエン=3:2)で精製し、フラクションを濃縮することで固体を得た。得られた固体をトルエン/エタノールで再沈殿し、黄色固体を2.2g、収率90%で得た。ステップ1の合成スキームを下記式(A-6)に示す。
次に、5,9BBA2PcgDBCのトルエン溶液の吸収スペクトルおよび発光スペクトルを測定した結果を図33に示す。また、薄膜の吸収スペクトルおよび発光スペクトルを図34に示す。測定は実施例1と同様に行った。
200mL三口フラスコに1.3g(2.6mmol)の5,9-ジブロモ-7-フェニルジベンゾ[c,g]カルバゾールと、2.3g(6.4mmol)の4’-フェニルトリフェニルアミン-4-ボロン酸、68mg(0.23mmol)のトリス(2-メチルフェニル)ホスフィン、1.8g(13mmol)の炭酸カリウムを入れた。この混合物に、15mLのトルエンと、5mLのエタノールと、5mLの水を加えた。この混合物を減圧しながら攪拌することで脱気した。脱気を行った混合物に10mg(45μmol)の酢酸パラジウム(II)を加え、窒素気流下、90℃で12.5時間攪拌した。撹拌後、得られた反応混合物に水、エタノールを加え、超音波を照射後、ろ過し、固体を得た。この固体をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(展開溶媒:ヘキサン:トルエン=2:1、次いでヘキサン:トルエン=1:1)で精製し、フラクションを濃縮することで固体を得た。得られた固体をトルエンで再結晶し、黄色固体を2.1g、収率86%で得た。ステップ1の合成スキームを下記式(A-7)に示す。
次に、5,9BPAP2PcgDBCのトルエン溶液の吸収スペクトルおよび発光スペクトルを測定した結果を図48に示す。また、薄膜の吸収スペクトルおよび発光スペクトルを図49に示す。測定は実施例1と同様に行った。
ガラス基板上に電極101として、ITSO膜をスパッタリング法にて厚さが70nmになるように形成した。なお、電極101の電極面積は、4mm2(2mm×2mm)とした。次に基板上に発光素子を形成するための前処理として、基板表面を水で洗浄し、200℃で1時間乾燥させた後、UVオゾン処理を370秒行った。その後、1×10-4Pa程度の真空度に保たれた真空蒸着装置に基板を入れ、170℃で30分間のベークを行った。その後、基板を30分程度放冷した。
発光素子2乃至発光素子6、発光素子9及び比較発光素子7の作製工程は、先に示した発光素子1と発光層130の作製工程のみ異なり、その他の作製工程は発光素子1と同様としたため、詳細な説明は省略する。素子構造の詳細は表1及び表2を参照すれば良い。
次に、上記作製した発光素子1乃至発光素子6、発光素子9及び比較発光素子7の特性を測定した。輝度およびCIE色度の測定には色彩輝度計(トプコン社製、BM-5A)を用い、電界発光スペクトルの測定にはマルチチャンネル分光器(浜松ホトニクス社製、PMA-11)を用いた。
次に、発光素子1乃至発光素子4、発光素子6、発光素子9及び比較発光素子7の2mAにおける定電流駆動試験を行った。その結果を図40に示す。図40から発光素子1乃至発光素子4、発光素子6、発光素子9及び比較発光素子7は良好な信頼性を有することが分かった。特に発光素子1、発光素子4及び発光素子9はLT90(輝度10%減少時間)がいずれも100時間を超えており、特に良好な信頼性を示すことが分かった。また、図40より発光素子1乃至発光素子6、発光素子9は比較発光素子7と比較しそれぞれ同等以上の信頼性を有することが分かった。特に発光素子1、発光素子3、発光素子4及び発光素子9は比較発光素子7よりも優れた信頼性を有することが分かった。よって、本発明の一態様に係る有機化合物のアミン骨格が有する置換基に無置換のフェニル基を導入すると信頼性がより良好になることが示唆される。また、比較発光素子7と同等の信頼性を有する発光素子2及び発光素子6はいずれも電流効率が比較発光素子7よりも良好であるため、各素子に同一の値で電流を流した場合、発光素子2及び発光素子6の方が比較発光素子7よりも輝度が高い。同一電流での駆動試験においてより高輝度で光る発光素子2及び発光素子6は比較発光素子7よりも信頼性が良好であると言える。つまり同一輝度で駆動した場合、発光素子2及び発光素子6は比較発光素子7よりも信頼性が良好であると言える。
発光素子8の作製工程は、先に示した発光素子1と正孔注入層111及び正孔輸送層112の作製工程のみ異なり、その他の作製工程は発光素子1と同様としたため、詳細な説明は省略する。素子構造の詳細は表4を参照すれば良い。
発光素子8の正孔注入層111として、電極101上にPCzPAと、酸化モリブデン(VI)(MoO3)と、を重量比(PCzPA:MoO3)が1:0.5になるように、且つ厚さが10nmになるように共蒸着した。
次に、上記作製した発光素子8の特性を測定した。発光素子の測定条件は先に示す実施例と同様に行った。
次に、発光素子8の2mAにおける定電流駆動試験を行った。その結果を図45に示す。図45から発光素子8はLT90が250時間を超える非常に良好な信頼性を示した。上述の発光素子1と比較し、発光素子8は良好な信頼性を示した。発光素子1と発光素子8は正孔注入層111及び正孔輸送層112に用いた材料のみ異なる。また、本発明の一態様に係る発光素子は、正孔注入層111及び正孔輸送層112に用いる材料によって信頼性が変化することが分かった。
本参考例では、実施例8で用いた、BPAPcgDBCの合成方法について説明する。
200mL三口フラスコに5-ブロモ-7-フェニル-7H-ジベンゾ[c,g]カルバゾールを2.2g(5.1mmol)、4-フェニルジフェニルアミンを1.9g(7.7mmol)、ナトリウム tert-ブトキシドを1.5g(15mmol)入れた。この混合物へ、トルエン30mLとトリ(tert-ブチル)ホスフィンの10%ヘキサン溶液0.2mLを加え、この混合物を減圧しながら攪拌することで脱気した。この混合物にビス(ジベンジリデンアセトン)パラジウム(0)を29mg(51μmol)加え、窒素気流下にて110℃で7時間加熱撹拌した。撹拌後、この混合物にトルエンを加え、フロリジール、セライト、アルミナを通して吸引ろ過し、濾液を得た。得られた濾液を濃縮して固体を得た。この固体をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(展開溶媒:ヘキサン:トルエン=5:1、次いでヘキサン:トルエン=3:1)で精製し、固体を得た。得られた固体を酢酸エチル/エタノールで再結晶し、淡黄色固体を2.0g、収率65%で得た。ステップ1の合成スキームを下記式(B-1)に示す。
Claims (15)
- 請求項1において
前記ジベンゾカルバゾール骨格がジベンゾ[c,g]カルバゾール骨格である、有機化合物。 - 請求項1または請求項2において、
一般式(G0)中、前記ジベンゾカルバゾール骨格が有する2つのナフタレン骨格のいずれか一方にAr3が結合し、他方の前記ナフタレン骨格にAr4が結合する、有機化合物。 - 下記一般式(G1)で表される有機化合物。
(一般式(G1)中、Ar1は置換もしくは無置換の炭素数6乃至25のアリーレン基を表し、Ar2は置換もしくは無置換の炭素数6乃至25のアリール基を表し、R1乃至R6のいずれか一は一般式(G1-1)で表される置換基であり、R7乃至R12のいずれか一は一般式(G1-2)で表される置換基であり、その他のR1乃至R12はそれぞれ独立に水素、炭素数1乃至6のアルキル基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数3乃至7のシクロアルキル基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数6乃至25のアリール基を表し、aは0乃至3の整数を表す。)
(一般式(G1-1)及び(G1-2)中、Ar3乃至Ar8はそれぞれ独立に置換もしくは無置換の炭素数6乃至25のアリーレン基を表し、b、c、d、e、f及びgはそれぞれ独立に0乃至3の整数を表し、Ar9乃至Ar12はそれぞれ独立に置換もしくは無置換の炭素数6乃至100のアリール基または置換もしくは無置換の炭素数3乃至100のヘテロアリール基を表す。) - 下記一般式(G2)で表される有機化合物。
(一般式(G2)中、Ar1、Ar3乃至Ar8はそれぞれ独立に置換もしくは無置換の炭素数6乃至25のアリーレン基を有し、Ar2は置換もしくは無置換の炭素数6乃至25のアリール基を表し、a、b、c、d、e、f及びgはそれぞれ独立に0乃至3の整数を表し、Ar9乃至Ar12はそれぞれ独立に置換もしくは無置換の炭素数6乃至100のアリール基または置換もしくは無置換の炭素数3乃至100のヘテロアリール基を表し、R1乃至R10はそれぞれ独立に水素、炭素数1乃至6のアルキル基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数3乃至7のシクロアルキル基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数6乃至25のアリール基を表す。) - 請求項1乃至請求項6のいずれか一項において、
前記b及び前記cがいずれも0である、有機化合物。 - 請求項1乃至請求項7のいずれか一項において、
前記Ar9及び前記Ar11はそれぞれ独立に、置換または無置換のフェニル基、ビフェニル基、ナフチル基、トリフェニリル基、フルオレニル基、カルバゾリル基、ジベンゾチオフェニル基、ジベンゾフラニル基、ベンゾフルオレニル基、ベンゾカルバゾリル基、ナフトベンゾチオフェニル基、ナフトベンゾフラニル基、ジベンゾフルオレニル基、ジベンゾカルバゾリル基、ジナフトチチオフェニル基、ジナフトフラニル基、フェナントリル基のいずれか一である、有機化合物。 - 請求項1乃至請求項8のいずれか一項において、
前記Ar10及び前記Ar12はそれぞれ独立に、一般式(Ht-1)乃至(Ht-7)で表される置換基のいずれか一である、有機化合物。
(一般式(Ht-3)及び(Ht-4)中、Xは酸素または硫黄を表し、(Ht-1)乃至(Ht-7)中、R16乃至R21のいずれか一、R22乃至R31のいずれか一、R32乃至R39のいずれか一、R40乃至R48のいずれか一、R49乃至R57のいずれか一、R58乃至R67のいずれか一及びR68乃至R77のいずれか一がそれぞれ、Ar6またはAr8との単結合を表し、その他のR16乃至R85はそれぞれ独立に水素、炭素数1乃至6のアルキル基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数3乃至7シクロアルキル基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数6乃至25のアリール基を表す。) - 一対の電極間に発光層を有し、
前記発光層は請求項1乃至請求項10のいずれか一に記載の有機化合物を含む、発光素子。 - 請求項11において、
前記発光層は請求項乃至請求項10のいずれか一に記載の有機化合物に由来する発光を呈する、発光素子。 - 請求項11または請求項12に記載の発光素子と、
カラーフィルタおよびトランジスタの少なくとも一と、
を有する表示装置。 - 請求項13に記載の表示装置と、
筐体およびタッチセンサの少なくとも一と、
を有する電子機器。 - 請求項11または請求項12に記載の発光素子と、
筐体およびタッチセンサの少なくとも一と、
を有する照明装置。
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