JP7123971B2 - 乳腺炎を処置する際に使用する動物用組成物、及び関連方法 - Google Patents
乳腺炎を処置する際に使用する動物用組成物、及び関連方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本明細書に使用される、すべての科学技術用語が当業者により通常理解されるのと同一の意味を有することが理解されるであろう。下記の定義は、本開示に関連して使用される主な用語の一般的な意味を説明するために与えられるに過ぎない。
一般に、本開示のゾルゲルポリマー複合材料は、適切な酸性水性媒体中にキトサン、親水性ポリマー、ポリシロキサン、及びゲル化剤を含む。任意選択で、ゾルゲルポリマー複合材料は、乳化剤、補強剤(適切なナノ結晶充填剤、固体微粒子または水溶性添加剤など)、及び/または1つ以上の抗微生物薬剤をさらに含む。有利に、ゾルゲルポリマー複合材料は、1つ以上の生理的刺激に応答して、耐久性のあるシール、または強力な固体を形成する。これらの製剤は、送達性、膨張、及び接着の固有の組み合わせを示す。
ゾルゲルプロセスは、材料科学及び工学の分野において幅広く使用されている湿式化学技法である。これらのような方法は、別個の粒子またはネットワークポリマーの統合ネットワーク(またはゲル)についての前駆体として作用する、コロイド溶液(ゾル)から開始する材料の製造のために主に使用される。ゾルゲルプロセスにおいて、コロイド状固体(ゾル)の流体懸濁液は、液相及び固相の両方を含むゲル様二相性システムの形成に向けて徐々に進化し、その形態は、別個の粒子から連続ポリマーネットワークに及ぶ(一般情報について、C.J.Brinker and G.W.Scherer,1990,Sol-Gel Science:The Physics and Chemistry of Sol-Gel Processing,Academic Press,ISBN0121349705;L.L.Hench and J.K.West,1990,The Sol-Gel Process,Chemical Reviews90:33を参照する)。
本明細書に提供されるゾルゲルポリマー複合材料は、1つ以上の生理的刺激に応答して液相-固相転移を受ける。したがって、それらは、被検体中に注入後に急速に凝固する液体を注入することが望ましい、幅広い範囲の動物及びヒトの医療用途における使用を有することができる。特に、ゾルゲルポリマー複合材料は、高い空隙率、弾性または被検体における生理的条件下で機械的圧力もしくは水圧に耐えるのに十分な強度を有する固体構造が提供されることが望ましい用途における使用を有することができる。
シーラントが塗布される箇所(たとえば、乳房組織外側に、または乳頭洞内に)、シーラントの製剤及びその他の因子などの、シーラントの意図された利用に依存して、本開示のゾルゲルポリマー複合材料を包含する乳頭シーラントの所望の特性が変わることを理解するであろう。しかしながら、乳頭シーラントのいくつかの一般的な特性を記載することが可能である。シーラントが乳房内の乳頭管中に置かれる場合、たとえば、目的に合わせることが可能なせん断流動化特性は、注入と、乳頭管から手動で剥ぎ取ることによる除去とを容易にすることを可能にする。接着された乳頭シーラントが乳頭から容易に除去可能であることが有利である。乳頭シーラントの製剤を調整することによって、ゾルゲルポリマー複合材料は、シーラントが乳頭から容易に剥がされ、最初の条片中の1つの付着ユニットにおいて除去され、背後に材料をほとんどからまったく残さないことが可能であるように十分に強力にされることが可能である。ゾルゲルポリマー複合材料をマクロまたはミクロレベルで栓として使用するときに、それらを製剤化して、原位置で形成された組成物が組織へ接着すること、及び適所に必要な限り留まることを可能にするが、部位から手動で容易に除去される、接着の適切な範囲を包含することが可能である。加えて、流体を保持する、または吸収する障壁が必要である位置に、これらの組成物の栓をする場合、この組成物は、それらの所望の位置に残りながら自然に流体を吸収するように製剤化されることが可能である。
適切な粘性は、用いられる送達手段に依存する。一般的に、この組成物は、室温で、または使用条件(すなわち、動物ではなく)の中で、約800cps未満、好ましくは、300cps未満、より好ましくは、200cps未満の粘度を有し、エアロゾルを介して送達される。ポンプスプレーを通す送達は、約150cps未満のような、より低い粘度を通常必要とする。エアロゾルのないスプレーは、約50cps未満の粘度を必要とする。
ゾルゲルポリマー複合材料の調製及び特性
4つのポリマー複合材料の製剤(F1、F2、F3、及びF4)は、下記のように調製された。表A、B、C、及びDは、それぞれF1、F2、F3、及びF4の製剤を示す。これらの製剤は、これらの表に示されるように、約30g、110g、または165gのバッチに調製された。
ゾルゲルポリマー複合材料製剤における滅菌の効果
滅菌方法としてオートクレーブにより試験した。上記の製剤に使用されたものに類似したポリマーが電離放射線またはエチレンオキシドによる滅菌時に有意な分解を受ける可能性があることが知られている。この分解は、高い温度を使用して、これらの試料を滅菌することによって減少することができる。
ポリマー複合材料製剤の滅菌に関するさらなる研究
F1及びF4製剤は、温度、pH及び/またはイオン強度を上げると、急速なゲル化を受ける水膨潤性ポリマーである。これらの複合材料は、2つの親水性ポリマー及びイオンゲル化剤を含む。第一ポリマーは、温度誘導ゲル化を受け、弾性ゲルの約37℃での形成を可能にする。第二ポリマーは、製剤へ導入されたイオンゲル化剤と接触するとゲルを形成する。第二ポリマーのゲルの強度は、加えられるゲル化剤の量、ならびに製剤のpH及びイオン強度(一般的に、約5.1から6.8のpH、及び約5g/Lのイオン強度)に依存する。
ナノ結晶セルロースによって補強されたPluronic(登録商標)F127ゲルの調製
開発は、(1)体温/皮膚温度(32~35℃)付近の温度で製剤のゲル化の開始、(2)室温での製剤のシリンジ通過性、及び(3)35℃でゲルの形成を誘導するのに必要とされる時間の観点から実行された。
修飾されたキトサンゲルの合成
カルボキシメチルキトサンをつぎのように調製した。キトサン(2g)を20%のNaOH(w/v 100mL)中で15分間撹拌することによって、カルボキシメチル化を実行した。つぎに、モノクロロ酢酸(15g)液滴を反応混合物へ加え、この反応を2時間40+/-2℃で撹拌しながら継続させた。その後、反応混合物を10%の酢酸によって中和した後、70%のメタノールの過剰量中へ注いだ。生成されたカルボキシメチルキトサンをG2が焼結された漏斗を使用して濾過し、そしてメタノールによって洗浄した。この生成物を真空中の55℃で8時間乾燥させ、6.5gの乾燥したカルボキシメチルキトサンを与えた。カルボキシメチルキトサン(CMCh)の置換の程度は、記載されるような方法(Biomacromolecules,Vol.5,no.2,2004)を使用して、0.75であったことが判定された。
アシル化PVAの合成
材料:ポリビニルアルコール(PVA)、186K、87%~89%加水分解:10g。R-COCl(たとえば、ラウロイルクロリド、パルミトイルクロリド、オクタノイルクロリド):1.68g。トリエチルアミン(ET3N):2.25mL。1-メチル-2-ピロリドン(NMP):100g。
雌ウシに注入された乳頭シーラントの保持及び耐性の評価
本研究の目的は、畜乳の乾乳期中に乳房内乳頭シーラント(ITS)として、2つのゾルゲルポリマー複合材料製剤(F1及びF4、合計165.0gについて、それぞれ表A及びD中のこれらの製剤を使用して調製された)の新規の用途の保持及び耐性を評価することであった。
雌ウシに注入された乳頭シーラントの保持及び耐性の評価
本研究の目的は、乳牛の乾乳期中に乳房内乳頭シーラント(ITS)としての、2つのゾルゲルポリマー複合材料製剤(F1及びF4、合計165.0gについて、それぞれ表A及びDにおける製剤を使用して調製された)の新規の用途の保持及び耐性を評価することであった。
薬物放出についてのゾルゲルポリマー複合材料の使用の評価
本研究の目的は、ゾルゲルポリマー複合材料製剤による抗菌剤の放出及び抗微生物活性を評価することであった。本明細書の上記に記載されるように調製された、製剤F2は、伸長が乳頭シーラントについての栓形成に関連する、そのレオロジー特性に影響することなく使用され、1gの製剤あたり20mgのアモキシシリンを添加された。
放出%=(A/εl)・(namox/V)
によって計算され、式中、Aは、274nmでの吸光度であり、εは、274nmでのアモキシシリンの消衰係数(1.2mM-1cm-1)であり、lは、キュベットの経路長であり、namoxは、キュベット底部に蓄積したゾルゲルに最初に含まれたアモキシシリン含量であり、そしてVは、キュベット中の総容積である(すなわち、V緩衝液+Vゲル)。図8における曲線は、3つのゾルゲルポリマー複合材料バッチ上で実行された実験からの平均放出を表す。37℃の曲線(すなわち、生理的温度)は、50%の薬物が約1時間にわたり放出された後、約6時間後に100%のアモキシシリンを放出するまで徐放を伴った、ゾルゲルによる早期放出挙動を示した。この挙動は、迅速、かつ持続性の抗微生物薬剤の血中レベルを達成するために有益である。25℃において、放出は、ゾルゲルポリマー複合材料から20%のアモキシシリンのみを5時間後に放出した場合、さらにより緩徐になった。これらの結果は、生理的温度でのかなり緩やかな放出曲線に従い、添加されたゾルゲル製剤がその内容物を放出したことを実証する。さらに、放出速度は、試料温度に正に相関されることがわかった。
細菌移動に対する障壁としてのゾルゲルポリマー複合材料の評価
本研究における2つの試験の目的は、シミュレートされたガラス雌ウシ乳頭における細菌移動に対する障壁として作用する、ゾルゲルポリマー複合材料製剤の能力を示すことであった。
ゾルゲルレオロジーについて無機充填剤の影響の評価
ゾルゲルポリマー複合材料製剤F2(1.5L)を実施例1に上述されるように調製した後に、さまざまな濃度(1wt%、5wt%。及び20wt%)で充填剤(二酸化ケイ素(SiO2)またはナノ結晶セルロース(NCC))と混合した。ゾルゲルポリマー複合材料製剤の密度及びレオロジー特性についての充填剤の影響を評価した。結果を表14に示す。
ゾルゲル特性におけるキトサンの脱アセチル化度(DDA)の影響の評価
実施例1に上述されるように、さまざまな脱アセチル化度(%DDA)を有するキトサンを使用して、ゾルゲルポリマー複合材料製剤F2を調製した。結果を表15に示す。
TA.XT plusテクスチャーアナライザを使用して、標準的な乳房内カニューレ(約1.3~1.5mmID)を備えたシリンジから材料の大部分を約1秒で押し出すために必要とされる力を測定した。F3v2+PDMSについて投与中に達成された最大力の平均は、130~150Nであった。
材料の比重は、容積変位によって測定される。5mLのメスシリンダーを3mLの水によって充填され(a)、この重量を記録した(c)。容積が5mLになるまで材料を加え(b)、この重量を記録した(d)。比重は、つぎの式によって決定された。
この試験について、Anton-Paarレオメータ及びCP25-2を使用して、せん断速度を上げること、せん断応力を測定すること、及び粘度を20℃で計算することによって最大初期粘度及び平均せん断粘度を決定した。最大初期粘度は、1100~1400Pa-sであり、平均せん断粘度は、20~25Pa-sであった。
構造回復は、乳房内カニューレを通した投与などの、高いせん断状態の後に、その元の状態に戻る生成物の能力を表す。この試験について、Anton-Paarレオメータ及びPP25を使用して、材料を安静時に測定した後、投与を表す、短いせん断事象を伴った。この材料を10分間生理的温度で回復させ、回復率を差異によって決定した。F3v2+PDMS試料は、100%を上回る構造回復を有した。
下記は、F3+PDMSまたはF3v2+PDMSのさまざまな比率の製剤作用及び試験である。
試験に使用されたF3及びF3v2組成物の比較:
追加の物理的特性データをつぎのように試験製剤について収集した。
態様1
雌の非ヒト動物における乳房疾患を予防、または処置するための生成物であって、
キトサン、キトサンとは別の親水性ポリマー、ゲル化剤及び適切な媒体を含むゾルゲルポリマー複合材料の有効量を含み、
ポリシロキサンをさらに含む、
前記生成物。
態様2
前記媒体は、酢酸水溶液である、態様1に記載の生成物。
態様3
前記キトサンは、アシル化されている、態様1に記載の生成物。
態様4
前記ポリシロキサンは、ジメチルポリシロキサン(PDMS)である、態様1に記載の生成物。
態様5
前記親水性ポリマーは、水溶性多糖類である、態様1に記載の生成物。
態様6
前記水溶性多糖類は、セルロースまたはその誘導体である、態様5に記載の生成物。
態様7
前記親水性ポリマーは、メチルセルロース、ポリ酢酸ビニル、アシル化ポリ酢酸ビニル、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース、エチルヒドロキシルエチルセルロース(ethyl hydroxylethyl cellulose)、ヒプロメロース酢酸エステルコハク酸エステル、ヒアルロン酸、非イオン性トリブロックコポリマー、ポリエチレングリコール、アルギン酸ナトリウム及びゼラチンからなる群から選択される、態様1に記載の生成物。
態様8
前記ゲル化剤は、β-グリセロリン酸二ナトリウム水和物、β-グリセロリン酸二ナトリウム五水和物、ピロリン酸ナトリウム四塩基性、リン酸カリウム二塩基性三水和物、ヘキサメタリン酸ナトリウム、テトラポリリン酸ナトリウム、ヘキサポリリン酸ナトリウム、ヘプタポリリン酸ナトリウム、オクタポリリン酸ナトリウム、トリポリリン酸ナトリウム及びポリリン酸ナトリウム、フェリシアン化カリウムならびにそれらの混合物からなる群から選択される塩である、態様1に記載の生成物。
態様9
前記ゲル化剤は、親油性リン酸塩類、可塑剤、アニオン界面活性剤、ガム類、ペクチン、カラゲナン(イオタ、カッパ、及びラムダ)、アルギン酸塩、シクロデキストリン類、及びそれらの混合物からなる群から選択されるイオン架橋剤である、態様1に記載の生成物。
態様10
前記ゲル化剤は、ゲニピン、ジエチルスクアラート、ジスクシンイミジルスベレート、グルタルアルデヒド、ジカルボン酸、ジイソシアネート及びそれらの混合物からなる群から選択される化学的架橋剤である、態様1に記載の生成物。
態様11
前記ポリシロキサンは、約70重量%以下の量で提供される、態様1に記載の生成物。
態様12
前記ポリシロキサンは、約5~70重量%の量で提供される、態様11に記載の生成物。
態様13
前記ゾルゲルポリマー複合材料は、1つ以上の抗微生物薬剤をさらに含む、態様1に記載の生成物。
態様14
前記抗微生物薬剤は、マクロライド、セファロスポリン、リンコサミニド系(lincosaminide)抗生物質、フルオロキノロン、テトラサイクリン、ペニシリン、スペクチノマイシン、スルホンアミド、クロラムフェニコール、チアンフェニコールのフッ素化合成類縁体及びそれらの混合物からなる群から選択される、態様13に記載の生成物。
態様15
前記抗微生物薬剤は、セファロスポリンであり、前記セファロスポリンは、セフチオフル塩酸塩である、態様14に記載の生成物。
態様16
雌の非ヒト動物における乳房疾患を予防、または処置する方法であって、
前記動物の乳頭、乳頭管または乳頭槽へ有効量の態様1~15のいずれかのゾルゲルポリマー複合材料を投与することを含む、
前記方法。
態様17
乳房疾患の予防または処置のための非ヒト動物の前記乳頭管または乳頭槽中に物理的障壁を形成するためのシステムであって、
前記システムは、態様1~15のいずれかのゾルゲルポリマー複合材料を含む送達装置を備える、
前記システム。
態様18
雌の非ヒト動物における乳房疾患を予防、または処置するための生成物であって、
有効量の、キトサンを含有するゾルゲルポリマー複合材料、キトサンとは別の親水性ポリマー、ゲル化剤、適切な媒体、油、及び少なくとも1つの両親媒性界面活性剤を含む、
前記生成物。
態様19
複数の両親媒性界面活性剤をさらに含む、態様18に記載の生成物。
態様20
少なくとも1つの親水性界面活性剤、及び少なくとも1つの疎水性界面活性剤をさらに含む、態様18に記載の生成物。
上記において、限定ではなく例示の目的のために本開示の特定の実施形態の詳細な説明が提供されている。本開示に基づく当業者に明らかな、すべての他の修正形態、派生効果及び均等物が特許請求される本開示の範囲内に含まれることが意図されることを理解するであろう。
Claims (17)
- 雌の非ヒト動物における乳房疾患を予防、または処置するための生成物であって、
キトサン、キトサンとは別の親水性ポリマー、ゲル化剤及び適切な媒体を含むゾルゲルポリマー複合材料の有効量を含み、
ポリシロキサンをさらに含む、
前記生成物。 - 前記媒体は、酢酸水溶液である、請求項1に記載の生成物。
- 前記キトサンは、アシル化されている、請求項1に記載の生成物。
- 前記ポリシロキサンは、ジメチルポリシロキサン(PDMS)である、請求項1に記載の生成物。
- 前記親水性ポリマーは、水溶性多糖類である、請求項1に記載の生成物。
- 前記水溶性多糖類は、セルロースまたはその誘導体である、請求項5に記載の生成物。
- 前記親水性ポリマーは、メチルセルロース、ポリ酢酸ビニル、アシル化ポリ酢酸ビニル、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース、エチルヒドロキシルエチルセルロース(ethyl hydroxylethyl cellulose)、ヒプロメロース酢酸エステルコハク酸エステル、ヒアルロン酸、非イオン性トリブロックコポリマー、ポリエチレングリコール、アルギン酸ナトリウム及びゼラチンからなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の生成物。
- 前記ゲル化剤は、β-グリセロリン酸二ナトリウム水和物、β-グリセロリン酸二ナトリウム五水和物、ピロリン酸ナトリウム四塩基性、リン酸カリウム二塩基性三水和物、ヘキサメタリン酸ナトリウム、テトラポリリン酸ナトリウム、ヘキサポリリン酸ナトリウム、ヘプタポリリン酸ナトリウム、オクタポリリン酸ナトリウム、トリポリリン酸ナトリウム及びポリリン酸ナトリウム、フェリシアン化カリウムならびにそれらの混合物からなる群から選択される塩である、請求項1に記載の生成物。
- 前記ゲル化剤は、親油性リン酸塩類、可塑剤、アニオン界面活性剤、ガム類、ペクチン、カラゲナン(イオタ、カッパ、及びラムダ)、アルギン酸塩、シクロデキストリン類、及びそれらの混合物からなる群から選択されるイオン架橋剤である、請求項1に記載の生成物。
- 前記ゲル化剤は、ゲニピン、ジエチルスクアラート、ジスクシンイミジルスベレート、グルタルアルデヒド、ジカルボン酸、ジイソシアネート及びそれらの混合物からなる群から選択される化学的架橋剤である、請求項1に記載の生成物。
- 前記ポリシロキサンは、70重量%以下の量で提供される、請求項1に記載の生成物。
- 前記ポリシロキサンは、5~70重量%の量で提供される、請求項11に記載の生成物。
- 前記ゾルゲルポリマー複合材料は、1つ以上の抗微生物薬剤をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の生成物。
- 前記抗微生物薬剤は、マクロライド、セファロスポリン、リンコサミニド系(lincosaminide)抗生物質、フルオロキノロン、テトラサイクリン、ペニシリン、スペクチノマイシン、スルホンアミド、クロラムフェニコール、チアンフェニコールのフッ素化合成類縁体及びそれらの混合物からなる群から選択される、請求項13に記載の生成物。
- 前記抗微生物薬剤は、セファロスポリンであり、前記セファロスポリンは、セフチオフル塩酸塩である、請求項14に記載の生成物。
- 雌の非ヒト動物における乳房疾患を予防、または処置する方法であって、
前記動物の乳頭、乳頭管または乳頭槽へ有効量の請求項1~15のいずれかのゾルゲルポリマー複合材料とポリシロキサンとの組み合わせを投与することを含む、
前記方法。 - 乳房疾患の予防または処置のための非ヒト動物の前記乳頭管または乳頭槽中に物理的障壁を形成するためのシステムであって、
前記システムは、請求項1~15のいずれかのゾルゲルポリマー複合材料とポリシロキサンとの組み合わせを含む送達装置を備える、
前記システム。
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BR112021022291A2 (pt) * | 2019-05-08 | 2021-12-28 | Saint Gobain Performance Plastics Corp | Composições poliméricas hidrofílicas |
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