JP7113826B2 - プロテインキナーゼ阻害剤および追加的化学療法剤の組み合わせ - Google Patents
プロテインキナーゼ阻害剤および追加的化学療法剤の組み合わせ Download PDFInfo
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Description
新しい治療剤の探索は、近年、疾患に関連する酵素の構造および他の生体分子のより良い理解によって大いに助けられてきた。広範な試験の対象となってきた1つの重要なクラスの酵素は、プロテインキナーゼである。
本明細書に記載されるとおり、いくつかの態様において、本発明は、DNA-PKと関連する1以上の疾患または障害を処置する、安定化させるまたはその重症度もしくは進行を緩和する方法であって、DNA-PKの阻害剤を、これを必要とする患者へ追加的化学療法剤と組み合わせて投与することを含む前記方法を提供する。本明細書にまた記載されるとおり、いくつかの態様において、本発明は、がんを処置する方法であって、DNA-PKの阻害剤を、これを必要とする患者へ追加的化学療法剤と組み合わせて投与することを含む前記方法を提供する。いくつかの態様において、DNA-PK阻害剤は、化合物1またはその薬学的に許容し得る塩である。
を有する、(S)-[2-クロロ-4-フルオロ-5-(7-モルホリン-4-イル-キナゾリン-4-イル)-フェニル]-(6-メトキシ-ピリダジン-3-イル)-メタノールまたはその薬学的に許容し得る塩である。
一般的に上記するとおり、提供される方法は、化合物1またはその薬学的に許容し得る塩、および化学療法剤を利用する組み合わせ療法を含む。特定の態様において、追加的化学療法剤はエトポシドである。特定の態様において、追加的化学療法剤はプラチンである。特定の態様において、追加的化学療法剤はシスプラチンである。特定の態様において、追加的化学療法剤はカルボプラチンである。いくつかの態様において、追加的化学療法は、エトポシドおよびプラチンの両方の組み合わせである。いくつかの態様において、追加的化学療法は、エトポシドおよびシスプラチンの両方の組み合わせである。いくつかの態様において、追加的化学療法は、エトポシドおよびカルボプラチンの両方の組み合わせである。
化合物1は、結晶学的および酵素動態試験によって実証されるとおり、DNA-PKの強力で選択的なATP競合阻害剤である。DNA-PKは、5つの追加的なタンパク質因子(Ku70、Ku80、XRCC4、Ligase IVおよびArtemis)とともに、NHEJを介したDSBの修復に重要な役割を果たす。DNA-PKのキナーゼ活性は、適切かつタイムリーなDNA修復とがん細胞の長期生存力のために不可欠である(Salles et al., 2006; Dobbs et al., 2011)。特定の理論に縛られることを望むことなく、化合物1の主要な効果は、DNA-PK活性の抑制およびDNA二本鎖切断(DSB)修復であり、DNAの変更された修復およびDNA損傷剤の抗腫瘍活性の強化をもたらすことが信じられている。
いくつかの態様において、提供された方法は、化学療法剤を含む薬学的に許容し得る組成物を、1日に1回、2回、3回または4回投与することを含む。
いくつかの態様において、本発明は、化合物1またはその薬学的に許容し得る塩を含む薬学的に許容し得る組成物を提供する。いくつかの態様において、本発明は、化学療法剤の薬学的に許容し得る組成物を提供する。いくつかの態様において、化合物1またはその薬学的に許容し得る塩を含む組成物は、化学療法剤を含む組成物とは別個である。いくつかの態様において、化合物1またはその薬学的に許容し得る塩、および化学療法剤は、同じ組成物中に存在する。
以下の例は、上記の本発明を説明するものである;しかしながら、それらは決して発明の範囲を限定することを意図するものではない。本発明の医薬化合物、組み合わせ、および組成物の有益な効果はまた、それ自体当業者に知られている他のテストモデルによって決定され得る。
放射線療法と組み合わせた化合物1の効能
化合物1によるDNA-PK阻害の治療的関連性が、臨床的に確立されたDSB誘発処置である電離放射線(IR)と組み合わせて、インビボで調査された。化合物1は、ヒトのがんの6つの異種移植マウスモデルにおける活性についてテストされた。モデルは、異なるがんの適応症(結腸、肺、頭頚部、膵臓)、および組織学的サブタイプ(アデノ、扁平、大細胞)から選択された。5日間連続して投与される1日当たり2 Gyの分画計画を用いて、電離放射が投与された(総放射線量= 10 Gy)。化合物1は、各放射線分画の10分前に、経口的に与えられた(ONC397-1-2AZ、ONC397-1-3AZ、ONC397-1-4AZ、ONC397-1-5AZ、ONC397-1-8AZ)。
ヒトNCI-H526 SCLC異種移植モデルにおけるエトポシドおよびシスプラチンと組み合わせた化合物1の効能
効能異種移植試験のために、1014-1-58/ BKU00105雌CD1 nu/nuマウス[内部バッチID 04108; Charles River Laboratories, Sulzfeld, Germany]、6-8週齢、が用いられた。血液学的試験のために、1015-1-3/ BKU00106免疫適格性雌CD1マウス[内部バッチID1406; Janvier Labs, Genest-Saint-Isle, France]、12週齢、が用いられた。マウスは、1週間収容状況に順応させられた。それらは、ポリスルホンケージタイプIII(42.5x26.6x15.5cm; Techniplast, Hohenpeissenberg)において、10匹の群で飼育された。寝具はアスペンチップ(E. Becker, Castrop-Rauxel)からなるものであった。室温は24+/-2℃であり、毎時間15回の空気交換で、相対湿度は50+/-10%であった。飲料水(自由に与えられた)には1 mg/mLの塩素が補充され、HClでpH6.5に調整された。免疫不全マウスのための滅菌の高タンパク質維持飼料(Ssniff、Soest、製品番号V1244-72、γ滅菌)もまた、自由に与えられた。光サイクルは、12時間の光および12時間の闇で設定された。試験プロトコールの詳細は、以下の通りである:
すべての試薬およびバッファーは製造者の指示に従って保存し、バッチの有効期限前に用いられた。
腫瘍細胞接種:ヒトNCI-H526細胞の懸濁液を、Matrigelを含む100 μLの容量のDPBS (-Mg/-Ca) (1:1/v:v)および2x107細胞/mlの濃度で、CD1 nu/nuマウスの右側腹部に皮下接種された。
1)SoCと同時に、試験の間に毎日
2)試験の間に毎日、SoC組み合わせの日にはSoC処置と化合物1適用との間に7時間の設定時間
3)エトポシド処置のない日にのみ適用
T/C値:腫瘍増殖を阻害する処置の能力は、以下の式に従って% T/C値を計算することによって各試験の終了時に評価された。
効能データは、それぞれの組み合わせ群の腫瘍体積データのSoCのみ処置群の腫瘍体積データとのRM-ANCOVAおよびペアワイズ比較によって分析されてきた。
単剤化合物1処置はLoVo異種移植片増殖を阻害する
機能不全DNA修復経路要素を伴う腫瘍細胞はDNA-PKに対して中毒になり得ることが最近報告されてきており、これはDNA-PK阻害剤がDNA修復欠損腫瘍において単剤活性を有してもよいことを示唆する(Riabinska et al., 2013, Dietlein et al., 2014)。我々は、MRE11タンパク質における突然変異のためにATM経路機能が欠損していることが知られている確立されたLoVo結腸癌腫異種移植片の増殖に対する化合物1の効果をテストした。腫瘍保持マウスへのDNA-PK阻害剤の3週間投与は、150 mg/kgでほぼ完全な増殖抑制を伴う用量依存的な腫瘍増殖阻害をもたらした(図7-ATM経路欠損LoVo異種移植モデルにおける化合物1の単剤効能)(ONCEFF-14-001AZ参照)。
化合物1のインビボでの薬力学的効果
放射線療法または他のDNA損傷剤によるDSBの誘発に続いて、DNA-PKの触媒サブユニット(DNA-PKc)はいくつかのセリンおよびトレオニン残基で自己リン酸化される。Ser2056は最も顕著で最も試験されている自己リン酸化部位の1つである。Ser2056リン酸化(p-Ser2056)はDNA-PK活性化状態とよく相関を示したので、それが薬力学(PD)バイオマーカーとして選択された。2つの異なるアッセイフォーマットが、腫瘍組織におけるp-Ser2056を測定するために確立された:ELISAおよびMSDフォーマット。配列信頼性シグナルを検出するために、ELISAアッセイには50 Gyで、より高感度のMSDアッセイには10 GyでIRが用いられた。化合物1によるIR誘発DNA-PKリン酸化(Ser2056)の用量依存的阻害は、ヒト異種移植モデルFaDuおよびHCT116においてELISAによって(ONC101305BCS参照)、WM164においてMSDアッセイよって実証された。確立されたWM164腫瘍を伴うマウスに、10 GyのIRの10分前に化合物1が与えられ、腫瘍組織中のDNA-PK(p-Ser2056)レベル(PD)はいくつかの時点で測定され、化合物1の血漿濃度(PK)と相関を示した。IR後にDNA-PK自己リン酸化は増大され、1~2時間の間に最大の刺激を示した。IRおよび化合物1(25 mg/kg)の同時投与は、化合物1の高い血漿曝露に対応する最も強力な効果を伴って、腫瘍組織におけるDNA-PK自己リン酸化の阻害をもたらした。阻害されたレベルは、DNA-PKリン酸化の基礎レベル(p-Ser2056)の阻害に起因して、ビヒクル処置動物におけるそれよりも低かった(図8-化合物1は、WM164異種移植腫瘍においてDNA-PK自己リン酸化(p-Ser2056)を阻害する)(ONC20140508CS参照)。
エトポシドまたはシスプラチンと組み合わせた化合物1が、以下のがん細胞株において腫瘍細胞の阻害についてテストされた:ヒト肺癌腫(NCI-H460)、ヒト膠芽腫(MO59KおよびMO59J)、ならびにヒト扁平細胞癌腫咽頭(FaDu)。アッセイプロトコールおよび利用した材料の詳細は以下に記載される。
Nuncon表面96ウェルプレート(細胞培養) Nunc
DMEM Pan Biotech GmbH
RPMI Gibco
HAM F12 Pan Biotech GmbH
ピルビン酸ナトリウム Gibco
L-グルタミン Gibco
非必須アミノ酸 SIGMA
PBS (10x) Dulbecco Gibco
96ウェルマイクロタイタープレート(ポリプロピレン) Nunc
AlamarBlue Serotec
FCS(ウシ胎児血清) Biochrom
トリプシン/EDTA溶液10x Biochrom AG
75cm培養フラスコ DB Falcon
エトポシド SIGMA
シスプラチン SIGMA
DMEM/F12 (1:1) Gibco
Alamar blue Serotec
NCI-H460 肺癌腫ヒト;ATCC HTB177
MO59K ヒト膠芽腫:ATCC CRL-2365
MO59J ヒト膠芽腫 ATCC CRL-2366
FaDu ヒト扁平細胞癌腫咽頭;ATCC HTB43
0%効果=DMSOで処理された細胞;-100%効果=細胞なし
化合物1は、エトポシドとの組み合わせを用いることにより、インビトロでNCI-H460、FaDuおよびMO59K(DNA-PK野生型)細胞の生存率の増強された阻害を示した(図9、11および12)。
化合物1と組み合わせたエトポシド処置の細胞増殖に対する効果は、以下の細胞株のパネルにおいて分析された:A110L、A-427、A529L、A549、BEN、CACO2、CALU-1、Calu-3、CALU6、COLO205、COLO-677、COLO678、COLO-699、COR-L311、COR-L88、DLD1、DMS 114、DMS 153、DMS 454、DMS 53、DV-90、EBC-1、EPLC-272H、H-2171、H69V、HCC-15、HCC2935、HCC-366、HCC-44、HCC-827、HCT116、HCT15、HLC-1、HLF-a、H-MESO-1、HT29、IA-LM、IMR90、JU77、LC-2/ad、LK-2、LO68、LOVO、LS123、LS411N、LU65、Lu99B、LUDLU-1、LXF-289、MIAPACA2、MS-1、MSTO-211H、NCI-H1048、NCI-H1105、NCI-H1299、NCI-H146、NCI-H1563、NCI-H1568、NCI-H1573、NCI-H1581、NCI-H1651、NCI-H1694、NCI-H1734、NCI-H1755、NCI-H1792、NCI-H1838、NCI-H1869、NCI-H1876、NCI-H1882、NCI-H1915、NCI-H196、NCI-H1975、NCI-H2029、NCI-H2030、NCI-H2066、NCI-H2073、NCI-H2081、NCI-H2085、NCI-H211、NCI-H2110、NCI-H2122、NCI-H2126、NCI-H2141、NCI-H2170、NCI-H2172、NCI-H2196、NCI-H226、NCI-H2286、NCI-H2291、NCI-H23、NCI-H2342、NCI-H2347、NCI-H2405、NCI-H2444、NCIH292、NCIH358M、NCI-H446、NCIH460、NCI-H508、NCI-H520、NCI-H522、NCI-H524、NCI-H596、NCI-H647、NCI-H661、NCI-H69、NCI-H774、NCIH82、NCI-H841、NGP、PC-9、RKO、SCLC-21h、SHP-77、SK-CO-1、SK-MES-1、SNU-C1、SW1116、SW1417、SW1463、SW48、SW620、SW837、SW 900、SW948、T3M-11、T3M-12、T84、A110L、A-427、A529L、A549、BEN、CACO2、CALU-1、Calu-3、CALU6、COLO205、COLO-677、COLO678、COLO-699、COR-L311、COR-L88、DLD1、DMS 114、DMS 153、DMS 454、DMS 53、DV-90、EBC-1、EPLC-272H、H-2171、H69V、HCC-15、HCC2935、HCC-366、HCC-44、HCC-827、HCT116、HCT15、HLC-1、HLF-a、H-MESO-1、HT29、IA-LM、IMR90、JU77、LC-2/ad、LK-2、LO68、LOVO、LS123、LS411N、LU65、Lu99B、LUDLU-1、LXF-289、MIAPACA2、MS-1、MSTO-211H、NCI-H1048、NCI-H1105、NCI-H1299、NCI-H146、NCI-H1563、NCI-H1568、NCI-H1573、NCI-H1581、NCI-H1651、NCI-H1694、NCI-H1734、NCI-H1755、NCI-H1792、NCI-H1838、NCI-H1869、NCI-H1876、NCI-H1882、NCI-H1915、NCI-H196、NCI-H1975、NCI-H2029、NCI-H2030、NCI-H2066、NCI-H2073、NCI-H2081、NCI-H2085、NCI-H211、NCI-H2110、NCI-H2122、NCI-H2126、NCI-H2141、NCI-H2170、NCI-H2172、NCI-H2196、NCI-H226、NCI-H2286、NCI-H2291、NCI-H23、NCI-H2342、NCI-H2347、NCI-H2405、NCI-H2444、NCIH292、NCIH358M、NCI-H446、NCIH460、NCI-H508、NCI-H520、NCI-H522、NCI-H524、NCI-H596、NCI-H647、NCI-H661、NCI-H69、NCI-H774、NCIH82、NCI-H841、NGP、PC-9、RKO、SCLC-21h、SHP-77、SK-CO-1、SK-MES-1、SNU-C1、SW1116、SW1417、SW1463、SW48、SW620、SW837、SW 900、SW948、T3M-11、T3M-12、およびT84。
化合物1は、複数のがん細胞株におけるエトポシドの活性のシフトを決定するために評価された。化合物1は、DMSO溶液中で以下の濃度で用いられた:150 nM、300 nM、および1pM。エトポシドは、DMSO溶液中で以下の濃度で用いられた:10 pM、2.5 pM、630 nM、156 nM、39 nM、9.8 nM、および2.4 nM。
第Ib相:対象は、指定された投与量レベルで化合物1を投与されるであろう。各サイクルの1日目に、化合物1を経口摂取した後、シスプラチンが最初に、続いてエトポシドが投与されるであろう。全ての場合において、化合物1は化学療法のおよそ1.5時間前に投与されるべきである。各サイクルの2日目および3日目に、化合物1が、好ましくは午前中に経口摂取QDされるべきである。化合物1の投与量は、このプロトコールに記載されている用量漸増規則に従って変更されるであろう。
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