JP7089591B2 - 変性共役ジエン系重合体およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
変性共役ジエン系重合体およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7089591B2 JP7089591B2 JP2020528183A JP2020528183A JP7089591B2 JP 7089591 B2 JP7089591 B2 JP 7089591B2 JP 2020528183 A JP2020528183 A JP 2020528183A JP 2020528183 A JP2020528183 A JP 2020528183A JP 7089591 B2 JP7089591 B2 JP 7089591B2
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- Prior art keywords
- hydride
- lanthanum
- rare earth
- conjugated diene
- earth element
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- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims description 116
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 104
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 40
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 120
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 64
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 62
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 61
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 61
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 55
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000002168 alkylating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 229940100198 alkylating agent Drugs 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- -1 hydrocarbyl aluminum hydride Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 30
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 30
- CPOFMOWDMVWCLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl(oxo)alumane Chemical group C[Al]=O CPOFMOWDMVWCLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- SIPUZPBQZHNSDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-methylpropyl)aluminum Chemical compound CC(C)C[Al]CC(C)C SIPUZPBQZHNSDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000002798 neodymium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000006011 modification reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000879 imine group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- GGTYKQPULPMHEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-diethyldecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC(CC)(CC)C(O)=O GGTYKQPULPMHEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- MGNNZJZKKFHIOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dihexyldecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC(CCCCCC)(CCCCCC)C(O)=O MGNNZJZKKFHIOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- YFJGAPUJUKCHSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dipropyldecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC(CCC)(CCC)C(O)=O YFJGAPUJUKCHSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Ethylhexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)C(O)=O OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical group [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- SHZIWNPUGXLXDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N caproic acid ethyl ester Natural products CCCCCC(=O)OCC SHZIWNPUGXLXDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- MOTGYRRBAXQEOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dibutyloctanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCC(CCCC)(CCCC)C(O)=O MOTGYRRBAXQEOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZNZVPWFZYLKUIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-diethylnonanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(CC)(CC)C(O)=O ZNZVPWFZYLKUIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- GCXPWMYZEFIFNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-diethyloctanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCC(CC)(CC)C(O)=O GCXPWMYZEFIFNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BBTFKEBGGQPYOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dihexylnonanoic acid Chemical compound C(CCCCC)C(C(=O)O)(CCCCCCC)CCCCCC BBTFKEBGGQPYOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XKHIVSSICYSDFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dipropylnonanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(CCC)(CCC)C(O)=O XKHIVSSICYSDFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KUTCZKWCZNAIJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dipropyloctanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCC(CCC)(CCC)C(O)=O KUTCZKWCZNAIJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- PIPDKKAAFVTQLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butyl-2-hexyldecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC(CCCC)(CCCCCC)C(O)=O PIPDKKAAFVTQLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- JOHFLKUOMRUMIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butyl-2-propyldecanoic acid Chemical compound C(CC)C(C(O)=O)(CCCCCCCC)CCCC JOHFLKUOMRUMIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- UTUUKDGBIVKIQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethyl-2-hexyldecanoic acid Chemical compound C(C)C(C(O)=O)(CCCCCCCC)CCCCCC UTUUKDGBIVKIQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- SWPYTXCSOYKIBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethyl-2-propyldecanoic acid Chemical compound C(C)C(C(=O)O)(CCCCCCCC)CCC SWPYTXCSOYKIBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- DOHKJHKZWHAXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hexyl-2-octyldecanoic acid Chemical compound C(CCCCCCC)C(C(=O)O)(CCCCCC)CCCCCCCC DOHKJHKZWHAXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- IFBITJWLPGKPFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hexyl-2-propyldecanoic acid Chemical compound C(CC)C(C(O)=O)(CCCCCCCC)CCCCCC IFBITJWLPGKPFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KQTWKNFPNRPNAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbutan-2-yl octanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(=O)OC(C)(C)CC KQTWKNFPNRPNAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KSVIFSSNXMXKIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-propan-2-yl-2-propyldecanoic acid Chemical compound C(CC)C(C(=O)O)(CCCCCCCC)C(C)C KSVIFSSNXMXKIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- IUWVXDLFPPFHOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-tert-butyldecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC(C(O)=O)C(C)(C)C IUWVXDLFPPFHOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OZMIDHIEAHUHSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylheptan-3-yl octanoate Chemical compound C(CCCCCCC)(=O)OC(C)(CCCC)CC OZMIDHIEAHUHSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical compound [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical group [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- VQCPDMARLUVHOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-methylphenyl)-(2-methylpropyl)alumane Chemical compound C1(=CC=C(C=C1)[AlH]CC(C)C)C VQCPDMARLUVHOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JBMXTJBHVMDDQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-methylphenyl)-octylalumane Chemical compound C1(=CC=C(C=C1)[AlH]CCCCCCCC)C JBMXTJBHVMDDQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SVJIEGOVQBGOSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-methylphenyl)-propan-2-ylalumane Chemical compound C1(=CC=C(C=C1)[AlH]C(C)C)C SVJIEGOVQBGOSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PRPLGWFQYUPYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-methylphenyl)-propylalumane Chemical compound C1(=CC=C(C=C1)[AlH]CCC)C PRPLGWFQYUPYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UIWCRBZGFSZBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dibutylnonanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(CCCC)(CCCC)C(O)=O UIWCRBZGFSZBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PCXUJDQRRWWDAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dioctyldecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC(CCCCCCCC)(CCCCCCCC)C(O)=O PCXUJDQRRWWDAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JRCZSHDOYYZKAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-methylphenyl)ethylalumane Chemical compound C1(=CC=C(C=C1)CC[AlH2])C JRCZSHDOYYZKAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZHKYMQVGCPQGJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethyl-2-hexylnonanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(CC)(C(O)=O)CCCCCC ZHKYMQVGCPQGJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YVSMQHYREUQGRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethyloxaluminane Chemical compound CC[Al]1CCCCO1 YVSMQHYREUQGRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- TUZANDMTFCYPOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropyl(phenyl)alumane Chemical compound C1(=CC=CC=C1)[AlH]CC(C)C TUZANDMTFCYPOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GNOMLLKHNCKJRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylethylalumane Chemical compound C1(=CC=CC=C1)CC[AlH2] GNOMLLKHNCKJRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BJEDPZTUMCKCTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-phenylpropylalumane Chemical compound C(C1=CC=CC=C1)CC[AlH2] BJEDPZTUMCKCTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WULHEUKAPOPNDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl(2-methylpropyl)alumane Chemical compound C(C1=CC=CC=C1)[AlH]CC(C)C WULHEUKAPOPNDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CETUXYPGBFOCCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl(butyl)alumane Chemical compound C(C1=CC=CC=C1)[AlH]CCCC CETUXYPGBFOCCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YXHYBZZCYPDUBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl(octyl)alumane Chemical compound C(C1=CC=CC=C1)[AlH]CCCCCCCC YXHYBZZCYPDUBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- AIWXNWDZGADCFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl(propan-2-yl)alumane Chemical compound C(C1=CC=CC=C1)[AlH]C(C)C AIWXNWDZGADCFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YGHMTLQLIZMTLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl(propyl)alumane Chemical compound C(C1=CC=CC=C1)[AlH]CCC YGHMTLQLIZMTLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DTTVIPFQOOGEHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl(phenyl)alumane Chemical compound C1(=CC=CC=C1)[AlH]CCCC DTTVIPFQOOGEHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- CDHICTNQMQYRSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N di(propan-2-yl)alumane Chemical compound CC(C)[AlH]C(C)C CDHICTNQMQYRSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DODCHQVKECHKRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzylalumane Chemical compound C(C1=CC=CC=C1)[AlH]CC1=CC=CC=C1 DODCHQVKECHKRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HJXBDPDUCXORKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylalumane Chemical group CC[AlH]CC HJXBDPDUCXORKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GNPSMYTXIPVJDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioctylalumane Chemical compound C(CCCCCCC)[AlH]CCCCCCCC GNPSMYTXIPVJDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HIVRDDZUKVNKAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylalumane Chemical compound C1(=CC=CC=C1)[AlH]C1=CC=CC=C1 HIVRDDZUKVNKAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XOCWTYIVWYOSGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropylalumane Chemical compound C(CC)[AlH]CCC XOCWTYIVWYOSGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JXRJZEIFKKYMBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N octyl(phenyl)alumane Chemical compound C1(=CC=CC=C1)[AlH]CCCCCCCC JXRJZEIFKKYMBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QDUCABQBSRSYCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl(propan-2-yl)alumane Chemical compound C1(=CC=CC=C1)[AlH]C(C)C QDUCABQBSRSYCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZKGDHJAHOGRQEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl(propyl)alumane Chemical compound C1(=CC=CC=C1)[AlH]CCC ZKGDHJAHOGRQEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- WCFQIFDACWBNJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N $l^{1}-alumanyloxy(2-methylpropyl)aluminum Chemical compound CC(C)C[Al]O[Al] WCFQIFDACWBNJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- GWUXLTRGPPIDJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-methylphenyl)alumane Chemical compound CC1=CC=C([AlH2])C=C1 GWUXLTRGPPIDJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- ANENTNQQVIUDQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl-(4-methylphenyl)alumane Chemical compound C1(=CC=C(C=C1)[AlH]CCCC)C ANENTNQQVIUDQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N decanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- VTZJFPSWNQFPCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutylaluminum Chemical compound CCCC[Al]CCCC VTZJFPSWNQFPCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 65
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 65
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinyl-ethylene Natural products C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 53
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 36
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 34
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 21
- YNLAOSYQHBDIKW-UHFFFAOYSA-M diethylaluminium chloride Chemical compound CC[Al](Cl)CC YNLAOSYQHBDIKW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 19
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 18
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 14
- QGJOPFRUJISHPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon disulfide Chemical compound S=C=S QGJOPFRUJISHPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 11
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- 229920002587 poly(1,3-butadiene) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 238000005033 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 9
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- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000005062 Polybutadiene Substances 0.000 description 6
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- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 6
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- OWRCNXZUPFZXOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-diphenylguanidine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1NC(=N)NC1=CC=CC=C1 OWRCNXZUPFZXOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- OKJPEAGHQZHRQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triiodomethane Natural products IC(I)I OKJPEAGHQZHRQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- SDJHPPZKZZWAKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dimethylbuta-1,3-diene Chemical compound CC(=C)C(C)=C SDJHPPZKZZWAKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RCJMVGJKROQDCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpenta-1,3-diene Chemical compound CC=CC(C)=C RCJMVGJKROQDCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclopentane Chemical compound C1CCCC1 RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002879 Lewis base Substances 0.000 description 4
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
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- DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl phthalate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCC DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MGDOJPNDRJNJBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylaluminum Chemical compound [Al].C[CH2] MGDOJPNDRJNJBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Pd].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JLTRXTDYQLMHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylaluminium Chemical compound C[Al](C)C JLTRXTDYQLMHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JUQQBXJTNZRORL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dibutyldecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC(CCCC)(CCCC)C(O)=O JUQQBXJTNZRORL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241001441571 Hiodontidae Species 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000006087 Silane Coupling Agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000005234 alkyl aluminium group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- KCXMKQUNVWSEMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl chloride Chemical compound ClCC1=CC=CC=C1 KCXMKQUNVWSEMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJOOHPMOJXWVHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorotrimethylsilane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)Cl IJOOHPMOJXWVHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010528 free radical solution polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 3
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- SNHMUERNLJLMHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodobenzene Chemical compound IC1=CC=CC=C1 SNHMUERNLJLMHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodomethane Chemical compound IC INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XJTQJERLRPWUGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodomethylbenzene Chemical compound ICC1=CC=CC=C1 XJTQJERLRPWUGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanate group Chemical group [N-]=C=O IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002462 isocyano group Chemical group *[N+]#[C-] 0.000 description 1
- QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopentane Chemical compound CCC(C)C QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- FMKOJHQHASLBPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopropyl iodide Chemical compound CC(C)I FMKOJHQHASLBPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000468 ketone group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002642 lithium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BLQJIBCZHWBKSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium iodide Chemical compound [Mg+2].[I-].[I-] BLQJIBCZHWBKSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- WRYKIHMRDIOPSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;benzene Chemical compound [Mg+2].C1=CC=[C-]C=C1.C1=CC=[C-]C=C1 WRYKIHMRDIOPSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IWCVDCOJSPWGRW-UHFFFAOYSA-M magnesium;benzene;chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].C1=CC=[C-]C=C1 IWCVDCOJSPWGRW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- KJJBSBKRXUVBMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;butane Chemical compound [Mg+2].CCC[CH2-].CCC[CH2-] KJJBSBKRXUVBMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LWLPYZUDBNFNAH-UHFFFAOYSA-M magnesium;butane;bromide Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Br-].CCC[CH2-] LWLPYZUDBNFNAH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- QUXHCILOWRXCEO-UHFFFAOYSA-M magnesium;butane;chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].CCC[CH2-] QUXHCILOWRXCEO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NXPHGHWWQRMDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-M magnesium;carbanide;bromide Chemical compound [CH3-].[Mg+2].[Br-] NXPHGHWWQRMDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- CCERQOYLJJULMD-UHFFFAOYSA-M magnesium;carbanide;chloride Chemical compound [CH3-].[Mg+2].[Cl-] CCERQOYLJJULMD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- DLPASUVGCQPFFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;ethane Chemical compound [Mg+2].[CH2-]C.[CH2-]C DLPASUVGCQPFFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FRIJBUGBVQZNTB-UHFFFAOYSA-M magnesium;ethane;bromide Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Br-].[CH2-]C FRIJBUGBVQZNTB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- YCCXQARVHOPWFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M magnesium;ethane;chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[CH2-]C YCCXQARVHOPWFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- RVOYYLUVELMWJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;hexane Chemical compound [Mg+2].CCCCC[CH2-].CCCCC[CH2-] RVOYYLUVELMWJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WCFJMDWWJOCLSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;methanidylbenzene Chemical compound [Mg+2].[CH2-]C1=CC=CC=C1.[CH2-]C1=CC=CC=C1 WCFJMDWWJOCLSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SCEZYJKGDJPHQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M magnesium;methanidylbenzene;chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[CH2-]C1=CC=CC=C1 SCEZYJKGDJPHQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- DQZLQYHGCKLKGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;propane Chemical compound [Mg+2].C[CH-]C.C[CH-]C DQZLQYHGCKLKGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZEOFKBGXHPLJHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl carboniodidate Chemical compound COC(I)=O ZEOFKBGXHPLJHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QQHNGZNHRRLNKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl carbonobromidate Chemical compound COC(Br)=O QQHNGZNHRRLNKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XMJHPCRAQCTCFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl chloroformate Chemical compound COC(Cl)=O XMJHPCRAQCTCFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005055 methyl trichlorosilane Substances 0.000 description 1
- GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl-cycloheptane Natural products CC1CCCCCC1 GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XBKBZMOLSULOEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L methylaluminum(2+);dibromide Chemical compound C[Al](Br)Br XBKBZMOLSULOEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- YSTQWZZQKCCBAY-UHFFFAOYSA-L methylaluminum(2+);dichloride Chemical compound C[Al](Cl)Cl YSTQWZZQKCCBAY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- UEBCFKSPKUURKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L methylaluminum(2+);difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Al+2]C UEBCFKSPKUURKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- JLUFWMXJHAVVNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyltrichlorosilane Chemical compound C[Si](Cl)(Cl)Cl JLUFWMXJHAVVNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- DEQZTKGFXNUBJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylsulfanyl)cyclohexanamine Chemical compound C1CCCCC1NSC1=NC2=CC=CC=C2S1 DEQZTKGFXNUBJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VSHTWPWTCXQLQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butylaniline Chemical compound CCCCNC1=CC=CC=C1 VSHTWPWTCXQLQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NSBIQPJIWUJBBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methoxyaniline Chemical compound CONC1=CC=CC=C1 NSBIQPJIWUJBBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PVWOIHVRPOBWPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-propyl iodide Chemical compound CCCI PVWOIHVRPOBWPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001971 neopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- SOEVKJXMZBAALG-UHFFFAOYSA-N octylalumane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[AlH2] SOEVKJXMZBAALG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002903 organophosphorus compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000538 pentafluorophenyl group Chemical group FC1=C(F)C(F)=C(*)C(F)=C1F 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- ANRQGKOBLBYXFM-UHFFFAOYSA-M phenylmagnesium bromide Chemical compound Br[Mg]C1=CC=CC=C1 ANRQGKOBLBYXFM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000005054 phenyltrichlorosilane Substances 0.000 description 1
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O phosphonium Chemical compound [PH4+] XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- UXCDUFKZSUBXGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric tribromide Chemical compound BrP(Br)(Br)=O UXCDUFKZSUBXGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)O OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UHZYTMXLRWXGPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus pentachloride Chemical compound ClP(Cl)(Cl)(Cl)Cl UHZYTMXLRWXGPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FAIAAWCVCHQXDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus trichloride Chemical compound ClP(Cl)Cl FAIAAWCVCHQXDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PZHNNJXWQYFUTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus triiodide Chemical compound IP(I)I PZHNNJXWQYFUTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001084 poly(chloroprene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000005575 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920001195 polyisoprene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZYTJPPRBIGGXRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-ylalumane Chemical compound C(C)(C)[AlH2] ZYTJPPRBIGGXRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RIBFXMJCUYXJDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propanoyl bromide Chemical compound CCC(Br)=O RIBFXMJCUYXJDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RZWZRACFZGVKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N propanoyl chloride Chemical compound CCC(Cl)=O RZWZRACFZGVKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GLCSNYFRXVGJJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N propanoyl iodide Chemical compound CCC(I)=O GLCSNYFRXVGJJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- OBRKWFIGZSMARO-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylalumane Chemical compound [AlH2]CCC OBRKWFIGZSMARO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- VTQZBGAODFEJOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N selenium tetrabromide Chemical compound Br[Se](Br)(Br)Br VTQZBGAODFEJOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LNBXMNQCXXEHFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N selenium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Se](Cl)(Cl)Cl LNBXMNQCXXEHFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- AIFMYMZGQVTROK-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon tetrabromide Chemical compound Br[Si](Br)(Br)Br AIFMYMZGQVTROK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005049 silicon tetrachloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- ABTOQLMXBSRXSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon tetrafluoride Chemical compound F[Si](F)(F)F ABTOQLMXBSRXSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JHGCXUUFRJCMON-UHFFFAOYSA-J silicon(4+);tetraiodide Chemical compound [Si+4].[I-].[I-].[I-].[I-] JHGCXUUFRJCMON-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 229920002379 silicone rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003746 solid phase reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010421 standard material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010557 suspension polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- XCOKHDCPVWVFKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurium tetraiodide Chemical compound I[Te](I)(I)I XCOKHDCPVWVFKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RKSOPLXZQNSWAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl bromide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)Br RKSOPLXZQNSWAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- CUDGTZJYMWAJFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraiodogermane Chemical compound I[Ge](I)(I)I CUDGTZJYMWAJFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000001391 thioamide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005068 thioepoxy group Chemical group S(O*)* 0.000 description 1
- NONOKGVFTBWRLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N thioisocyanate group Chemical group S(N=C=O)N=C=O NONOKGVFTBWRLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiourea group Chemical group NC(=S)N UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JTDNNCYXCFHBGG-UHFFFAOYSA-L tin(ii) iodide Chemical compound I[Sn]I JTDNNCYXCFHBGG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- LTSUHJWLSNQKIP-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(iv) bromide Chemical compound Br[Sn](Br)(Br)Br LTSUHJWLSNQKIP-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(iv) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Sn](Cl)(Cl)Cl HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- UBZYKBZMAMTNKW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrabromide Chemical compound Br[Ti](Br)(Br)Br UBZYKBZMAMTNKW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- NLLZTRMHNHVXJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetraiodide Chemical compound I[Ti](I)(I)I NLLZTRMHNHVXJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- JKNHZOAONLKYQL-UHFFFAOYSA-K tribromoindigane Chemical compound Br[In](Br)Br JKNHZOAONLKYQL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- SQBBHCOIQXKPHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylalumane Chemical compound CCCC[Al](CCCC)CCCC SQBBHCOIQXKPHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FVRKTAOFDKFAMI-UHFFFAOYSA-M tributylstannanylium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCC[Sn+](CCCC)CCCC FVRKTAOFDKFAMI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ORVMIVQULIKXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloro(phenyl)silane Chemical compound Cl[Si](Cl)(Cl)C1=CC=CC=C1 ORVMIVQULIKXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FAQYAMRNWDIXMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloroborane Chemical compound ClB(Cl)Cl FAQYAMRNWDIXMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZIYNWDQDHKSRCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tricyclohexylalumane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1[Al](C1CCCCC1)C1CCCCC1 ZIYNWDQDHKSRCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBBATURSCRIBHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy-[3-(3-triethoxysilylpropyldisulfanyl)propyl]silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCSSCCC[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC FBBATURSCRIBHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VTHOKNTVYKTUPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy-[3-(3-triethoxysilylpropyltetrasulfanyl)propyl]silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCSSSSCCC[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC VTHOKNTVYKTUPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KLFNHRIZTXWZHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy-[3-(3-triethoxysilylpropyltrisulfanyl)propyl]silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCSSSCCC[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC KLFNHRIZTXWZHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QKJGTZOWMVHEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy-[3-(phenyltetrasulfanyl)propyl]silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCSSSSC1=CC=CC=C1 QKJGTZOWMVHEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PPLMQFARLJLZAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl(iodo)silane Chemical compound CC[Si](I)(CC)CC PPLMQFARLJLZAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KQPIFPBKXYBDGV-UHFFFAOYSA-M triethylstannanylium;bromide Chemical compound CC[Sn](Br)(CC)CC KQPIFPBKXYBDGV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- PRFPAWZEYOPUKM-UHFFFAOYSA-M triethylstannanylium;iodide Chemical compound CC[Sn](I)(CC)CC PRFPAWZEYOPUKM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- JNLSTWIBJFIVHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K trifluoroindigane Chemical compound F[In](F)F JNLSTWIBJFIVHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- ARIHFGQDMNMGQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triiodo(methyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](I)(I)I ARIHFGQDMNMGQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBVCQKOZPHBDAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N triiodo(phenyl)silane Chemical compound I[Si](I)(I)C1=CC=CC=C1 HBVCQKOZPHBDAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RMUKCGUDVKEQPL-UHFFFAOYSA-K triiodoindigane Chemical compound I[In](I)I RMUKCGUDVKEQPL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- JSXKIRYGYMKWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-[2-(2-trimethoxysilylethyltetrasulfanyl)ethyl]silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCSSSSCC[Si](OC)(OC)OC JSXKIRYGYMKWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JTTSZDBCLAKKAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-[3-(3-trimethoxysilylpropyltetrasulfanyl)propyl]silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCSSSSCCC[Si](OC)(OC)OC JTTSZDBCLAKKAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005051 trimethylchlorosilane Substances 0.000 description 1
- MZGUIAFRJWSYJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M trimethylstannanylium;bromide Chemical compound C[Sn](C)(C)Br MZGUIAFRJWSYJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XGRPNCOKLIMKBN-UHFFFAOYSA-M trimethylstannanylium;iodide Chemical compound C[Sn](C)(C)I XGRPNCOKLIMKBN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- JOJQVUCWSDRWJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripentylalumane Chemical compound CCCCC[Al](CCCCC)CCCCC JOJQVUCWSDRWJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CNWZYDSEVLFSMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripropylalumane Chemical compound CCC[Al](CCC)CCC CNWZYDSEVLFSMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAKQLTYPVIOBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tritert-butylalumane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)[Al](C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C RTAKQLTYPVIOBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930195735 unsaturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea group Chemical group NC(=O)N XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- UAYWVJHJZHQCIE-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc iodide Chemical compound I[Zn]I UAYWVJHJZHQCIE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F36/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds
- C08F36/02—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds the radical having only two carbon-to-carbon double bonds
- C08F36/04—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds the radical having only two carbon-to-carbon double bonds conjugated
- C08F36/06—Butadiene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F36/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds
- C08F36/02—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds the radical having only two carbon-to-carbon double bonds
- C08F36/04—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds the radical having only two carbon-to-carbon double bonds conjugated
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F136/00—Homopolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds
- C08F136/02—Homopolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds the radical having only two carbon-to-carbon double bonds
- C08F136/04—Homopolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds the radical having only two carbon-to-carbon double bonds conjugated
- C08F136/06—Butadiene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/38—Polymerisation using regulators, e.g. chain terminating agents, e.g. telomerisation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
- C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
- C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
- C08F4/52—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides selected from boron, aluminium, gallium, indium, thallium or rare earths
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Description
Z1およびZ2は、互いに独立して、シラン基、N,N-2置換アミノフェニル基、イミン基、または環状のアミノ基であり、R1およびR7は、互いに独立して、単結合または2価の有機基であり、
R3およびR6は、互いに独立して、単結合または2価の有機基であるか;それぞれR4またはR5およびR8またはR9と連結されて環を形成する3価の有機基であり、R4およびR8は、互いに独立して、1価の有機基であるか;または、それぞれR3またはR5およびR6またはR9と連結されて環を形成する2価の有機基であってもよく、R5は、1価の有機基であるか;またはR3またはR4と連結されて環を形成する2価の有機基である。
Ra~Rcは、それぞれ独立して、水素、または炭素数1~12のアルキル基であり、但し、Ra~Rcの全てが同時に水素であることはない。
Z1およびZ2は、互いに独立して、シラン基、N,N-2置換アミノフェニル基、イミン基、または環状のアミノ基であり、R1およびR7は、互いに独立して、単結合または2価の有機基であり、
R3およびR6は、互いに独立して、単結合または2価の有機基であるか;それぞれR4またはR5およびR8またはR9と連結されて環を形成する3価の有機基であり、R4およびR8は、互いに独立して、1価の有機基であるか;または、それぞれR3またはR5およびR6またはR9と連結されて環を形成する2価の有機基であってもよく、R5は、1価の有機基であるか;またはR3またはR4と連結されて環を形成する2価の有機基である。
製造例1
窒素条件下で、ヘキサン溶媒中に、NdV(neodymium versatate、Nd(2-エチルヘキサノエート)3)を添加し、メチルアルミノキサン(MAO)、ジイソブチルアルミニウムヒドリド(DIBAH)、塩化ジエチルアルミニウム(DEAC)、および1,3-ブタジエンを、NdV:MAO:DIBAH:DEAC:1,3-ブタジエン=1:120:43:2~3:30のモル比となるように順に投入した後、-20℃で12時間混合することで触媒組成物を製造した。製造された触媒組成物は、-30℃~-20℃で、窒素条件下で24時間保管してから使用した。
窒素条件下で、ヘキサン溶媒中に、NdVを添加し、メチルアルミノキサン(MAO)、ジイソブチルアルミニウムヒドリド(DIBAH)、塩化ジエチルアルミニウム(DEAC)、および1,3-ブタジエンを、VdV:MAO:DIBAH:DEAC:1,3-ブタジエン=1:150:48:2~3:30のモル比となるように順に投入した後、-20℃で12時間混合することで触媒組成物を製造した。製造された触媒組成物は、-30℃~-20℃で、窒素条件下で24時間保管してから使用した。
窒素条件下で、ヘキサン溶媒中に、NdVを添加し、メチルアルミノキサン(MAO)、ジイソブチルアルミニウムヒドリド(DIBAH)、塩化ジエチルアルミニウム(DEAC)、および1,3-ブタジエンを、NdV:MAO:DIBAH:DEAC:1,3-ブタジエン=1:100:40:2~3:30のモル比となるように順に投入した後、-20℃で12時間混合することで触媒組成物を製造した。製造された触媒組成物は、-30℃~-20℃で、窒素条件下で24時間保管してから使用した。
窒素条件下で、ヘキサン溶媒中に、NdVを添加し、ジイソブチルアルミニウムヒドリド(DIBAH)、塩化ジエチルアルミニウム(DEAC)、および1,3-ブタジエンを、NdV:DIBAH:DEAC:1,3-ブタジエン=1:9~10:2~3:30のモル比となるように順に投入した後、20℃で混合することで触媒組成物を製造した。この際、触媒組成物は、重合体の製造直前に製造して直ちに使用した。
窒素条件下で、ヘキサン溶媒中に、NdVを添加し、メチルアルミノキサン(MAO)、ジイソブチルアルミニウムヒドリド(DIBAH)、塩化ジエチルアルミニウム(DEAC)、および1,3-ブタジエンを、NdV:MAO:DIBAH:DEAC:1,3-ブタジエン=1:50:33:2~3:30のモル比となるように順に投入した後、-20℃で12時間混合することで触媒組成物を製造した。製造された触媒組成物は、-30℃~-20℃で、窒素条件下で24時間保管してから使用した。
窒素条件下で、ヘキサン溶媒中に、NdVを添加し、メチルアルミノキサン(MAO)、ジイソブチルアルミニウムヒドリド(DIBAH)、塩化ジエチルアルミニウム(DEAC)、および1,3-ブタジエンを、NdV:MAO:DIBAH:DEAC:1,3-ブタジエン=1:120:64:2~3:30のモル比となるように順に投入した後、20℃で12時間混合することで触媒組成物を製造した。製造された触媒組成物は20℃で、窒素条件下で24時間保管してから使用した。
実施例1:共役ジエン系重合体の製造
完全に乾燥させた反応器に真空と窒素を交互に加えた後、真空状態の15Lの反応器に、ヘキサン4.2kgと1,3-ブタジエン500gを投入し、70℃に昇温した。これに、前記製造例1の触媒組成物を添加した後、60分間重合を行うことで、活性重合体を製造した。この際、1,3-ブタジエンのポリブタジエン高分子への転換率は100%であった。その後、重合停止剤1.0gが含まれたヘキサン溶液、および酸化防止剤2.0gが含まれたヘキサン溶液を添加して反応を終了させ、ブタジエン重合体を製造した。
前記実施例1において、活性重合体の製造時に、触媒組成物として前記製造例2の触媒組成物を使用したことを除き、前記実施例1と同様の方法により行ってブタジエン重合体を製造した。
前記実施例1において、活性重合体の製造時に、触媒組成物として前記製造例3の触媒組成物を使用したことを除き、前記実施例1と同様の方法により行ってブタジエン重合体を製造した。
未変性のNd-BRとして、BR1208(LG化学社製)を使用した。
未変性のNd-BRとして、CB24(Lanxess社製)を使用した。
前記実施例1において、活性重合体の製造時に、触媒組成物として前記比較製造例1の触媒組成物を使用したことを除き、前記実施例1と同様の方法により行ってブタジエン重合体を製造した。
前記実施例1において、活性重合体の製造時に、触媒組成物として前記比較製造例2の触媒組成物を使用したことを除き、前記実施例1と同様の方法により行ってブタジエン重合体を製造した。
前記実施例1において、活性重合体の製造時に、触媒組成物として前記比較製造例3の触媒組成物を使用したことを除き、前記実施例1と同様の方法により行ってブタジエン重合体を製造した。
実験例1
前記実施例および比較例で製造された各重合体に対して、下記のような方法により、微細構造の分析、数平均分子量(Mn)、重量平均分子量(Mw)、分子量分布(MWD)、ムーニー粘度(MV)、-S/R値をそれぞれ測定した。
フーリエ変換赤外分光法(FT-IR)により、共役ジエン部のシス-1,4結合の含量、トランス-1,4結合の含量、およびビニルの含量を測定した。
各重合体を、40℃の条件下でテトラヒドロフラン(THF)に30分間溶かした後、ゲル浸透クロマトグラフィー(GPC:gel permeation chromatography)に載せて流した。この際、カラムとしては、ポリマー・ラボラトリー社(Polymer Laboratories)の商品名PLgel Olexisカラム2本とPLgel mixed-Cカラム1本を組み合わせて使用した。また、新たに交替したカラムは、何れも混床(mixed bed)タイプのカラムを使用し、ゲル浸透クロマトグラフィーの標準物質(GPC Standard material)としてはポリスチレン(Polystyrene)を使用した。
各重合体に対して、Monsanto社のMV2000Eにより、Large Rotorを用いて、100℃、Rotor Speed 2±0.02rpmの条件でムーニー粘度(ML1+4、@100℃)(MU)を測定した。この際、使用された試料は、室温(23±3℃)で30分以上放置した後、27±3gを採取してダイキャビティの内部に満たしておき、プラテン(Platen)を作動させてトルクを印加しながらムーニー粘度を測定した。また、トルクが解放されながら現れるムーニー粘度の変化の勾配値を測定し、前記勾配値の絶対値である-S/R値を得た。
前記実施例で製造したブタジエン重合体、および比較例で製造したブタジエン重合体を用いてゴム組成物およびゴム試験片を製造した後、下記のような方法により、引張強度、300%モジュラス、伸び、および粘弾性特性をそれぞれ測定した。その結果を下記表2に示した。
前記各ゴム組成物を150℃でt90分加硫した後、ASTM D412に準じて加硫物の引張強度、300%伸び時のモジュラス(M-300%)、および破断時の加硫物の伸びを測定した。
低燃費特性において最も重要なTanδ物性は、ドイツGabo社のDMTS 500Nを用いて、周波数10Hz、Prestrain 3%、Dynamic Strain 3%下で、60℃での粘弾性系数(Tanδ)を測定した。この際、60℃でのTanδ値が優れるほど、ヒステリシス損が少なく、回転抵抗性特性に優れることを意味し、すなわち、燃費性に優れることを意味する。
Claims (8)
- 100℃での-S/R(stress/relaxation)値と分子量分布(MWD)の比((-S/R)/MWD)が0.30以上0.50以下である、ランタン系希土類元素で触媒化された共役ジエン系重合体であって、
前記ランタン系希土類元素触媒は、下記化学式1で表されるネオジム化合物を含み、
ランタン系希土類元素触媒組成物の存在下で、共役ジエン系単量体を重合することで、有機金属部位を含む活性重合体を製造するステップを含む方法により製造され、
前記ランタン系希土類元素触媒組成物が、前記重合に用いられる共役ジエン系単量体の一部を、ランタン系希土類元素含有化合物、第1アルキル化剤、第2アルキル化剤、およびハロゲン化物を含む触媒組成物と予備混合して予備重合させたものであり、
前記ランタン系希土類元素触媒組成物が、前記ランタン系希土類元素含有化合物、前記第1アルキル化剤、前記第2アルキル化剤、前記ハロゲン化物、および前記共役ジエン系単量体を1:100~200:40~60:2~4:20~50のモル比で含み、
前記第1アルキル化剤は、アルミノキサンであり、
前記第2アルキル化剤は、ヒドロカルビルアルミニウムジヒドリドまたはジヒドロカルビルアルミニウムヒドリドであり、
前記ハロゲン化物が、有機金属ハライドである、ランタン系希土類元素で触媒化された共役ジエン系重合体。
(前記化学式1中、
Ra~Rcは、それぞれ独立して、水素、または炭素数1~12のアルキル基であり、
但し、Ra~Rcの全てが同時に水素であることはない。) - 前記ネオジム化合物は、Nd(2-エチルヘキサノエート)3、Nd(2,2-ジエチルデカノエート)3、Nd(2,2-ジプロピルデカノエート)3、Nd(2,2-ジブチルデカノエート)3、Nd(2,2-ジヘキシルデカノエート)3、Nd(2,2-ジオクチルデカノエート)3、Nd(2-エチル-2-プロピルデカノエート)3、Nd(2-エチル-2-ブチルデカノエート)3、Nd(2-エチル-2-ヘキシルデカノエート)3、Nd(2-プロピル-2-ブチルデカノエート)3、Nd(2-プロピル-2-ヘキシルデカノエート)3、Nd(2-プロピル-2-イソプロピルデカノエート)3、Nd(2-ブチル-2-ヘキシルデカノエート)3、Nd(2-ヘキシル-2-オクチルデカノエート)3、Nd(2-t-ブチルデカノエート)3、Nd(2,2-ジエチルオクタノエート)3、Nd(2,2-ジプロピルオクタノエート)3、Nd(2,2-ジブチルオクタノエート)3、Nd(2,2-ジヘキシルオクタノエート)3、Nd(2-エチル-2-プロピルオクタノエート)3、Nd(2-エチル-2-ヘキシルオクタノエート)3、Nd(2,2-ジエチルノナノエート)3、Nd(2,2-ジプロピルノナノエート)3、Nd(2,2-ジブチルノナノエート)3、Nd(2,2-ジヘキシルノナノエート)3、Nd(2-エチル-2-プロピルノナノエート)3、およびNd(2-エチル-2-ヘキシルノナノエート)3からなる群から選択される1つ以上である、請求項1に記載のランタン系希土類元素で触媒化された共役ジエン系重合体。
- 下記化学式4または化学式5で表される変性剤由来の官能基を含む、請求項1または2に記載のランタン系希土類元素で触媒化された共役ジエン系重合体。
(前記化学式4または化学式5中、
Z1およびZ2は、互いに独立して、シラン基、N,N-2置換アミノフェニル基、イミン基、または環状のアミノ基であり、
R1およびR7は、互いに独立して、単結合または2価の有機基であり、
R3およびR6は、互いに独立して、単結合または2価の有機基であるか;それぞれR4またはR5およびR8またはR9と連結されて環を形成する3価の有機基であり、
R4およびR8は、互いに独立して、1価の有機基であるか;または、それぞれR3またはR5およびR6またはR9と連結されて環を形成する2価の有機基であってもよく、
R5は、1価の有機基であるか;またはR3またはR4と連結されて環を形成する2価の有機基である。) - ランタン系希土類元素触媒組成物の存在下で、共役ジエン系単量体を重合することで、有機金属部位を含む活性重合体を製造するステップを含み、
前記ランタン系希土類元素触媒組成物が、ランタン系希土類元素含有化合物、第1アルキル化剤、第2アルキル化剤、ハロゲン化物、および共役ジエン系単量体を1:100~200:40~60:2~4:20~50のモル比で含み、
前記第1アルキル化剤は、アルミノキサンであり、
前記第2アルキル化剤は、ヒドロカルビルアルミニウムジヒドリドまたはジヒドロカルビルアルミニウムヒドリドであり、
前記ランタン系希土類元素触媒は、下記化学式1で表されるネオジム化合物を含み、
前記ハロゲン化物が、有機金属ハライドである
請求項1~3のいずれかに記載のランタン系希土類元素で触媒化された共役ジエン系重合体の製造方法。
(前記化学式1中、
Ra~Rcは、それぞれ独立して、水素、または炭素数1~12のアルキル基であり、
但し、Ra~Rcの全てが同時に水素であることはない。) - 前記予備重合は、炭化水素系溶媒中で、前記ランタン系希土類元素含有化合物、前記第1アルキル化剤、前記第2アルキル化剤、前記ハロゲン化物、および前記共役ジエン系単量体を-30℃~-20℃の温度で混合し、-30℃~-20℃の温度で24時間~36時間静置させることで行われる、請求項4に記載のランタン系希土類元素で触媒化された共役ジエン系重合体の製造方法。
- 前記第1アルキル化剤は、メチルアルミノキサン、変性メチルアルミノキサン、エチルアルミノキサン、n-プロピルアルミノキサン、イソプロピルアルミノキサン、ブチルアルミノキサン、イソブチルアルミノキサン、n-ペンチルアルミノキサン、ネオペンチルアルミノキサン、n-ヘキシルアルミノキサン、n-オクチルアルミノキサン、2-エチルヘキシルアルミノキサン、シクロヘキシルアルミノキサン、1-メチルシクロペンチルアルミノキサン、フェニルアルミノキサン、および2,6-ジメチルフェニルアルミノキサンからなる群から選択される1つ以上のアルミノキサンであり、
前記変性メチルアルミノキサンは、下記化学式3で表される
請求項4または5に記載のランタン系希土類元素で触媒化された共役ジエン系重合体の製造方法。
mおよびnは、互いに独立して、2以上の整数である。] - 前記第2アルキル化剤は、ジエチルアルミニウムヒドリド、ジ-n-プロピルアルミニウムヒドリド、ジイソプロピルアルミニウムヒドリド、ジ-n-ブチルアルミニウムヒドリド、ジイソブチルアルミニウムヒドリド、ジ-n-オクチルアルミニウムヒドリド、ジフェニルアルミニウムヒドリド、ジ-p-トリルアルミニウムヒドリド、ジベンジルアルミニウムヒドリド、フェニルエチルアルミニウムヒドリド、フェニル-n-プロピルアルミニウムヒドリド、フェニルイソプロピルアルミニウムヒドリド、フェニル-n-ブチルアルミニウムヒドリド、フェニルイソブチルアルミニウムヒドリド、フェニル-n-オクチルアルミニウムヒドリド、p-トリルエチルアルミニウムヒドリド、p-トリル-n-プロピルアルミニウムヒドリド、p-トリルイソプロピルアルミニウムヒドリド、p-トリル-n-ブチルアルミニウムヒドリド、p-トリルイソブチルアルミニウムヒドリド、p-トリル-n-オクチルアルミニウムヒドリド、ベンジルエチルアルミニウムヒドリド、ベンジル-n-プロピルアルミニウムヒドリド、ベンジルイソプロピルアルミニウムヒドリド、ベンジル-n-ブチルアルミニウムヒドリド、ベンジルイソブチルアルミニウムヒドリド、およびベンジル-n-オクチルアルミニウムヒドリドからなる群から選択される1つ以上である、請求項4~6のいずれか一項に記載のランタン系希土類元素で触媒化された共役ジエン系重合体の製造方法。
- 前記活性重合体を下記化学式4または化学式5で表される変性剤と反応させる変性反応ステップをさらに含む、請求項4~7のいずれか一項に記載のランタン系希土類元素で触媒化された共役ジエン系重合体の製造方法。
(前記化学式4または化学式5中、
Z1およびZ2は、互いに独立して、シラン基、N,N-2置換アミノフェニル基、イミン基、または環状のアミノ基であり、
R1およびR7は、互いに独立して、単結合または2価の有機基であり、
R3およびR6は、互いに独立して、単結合または2価の有機基であるか;それぞれR4またはR5およびR8またはR9と連結されて環を形成する3価の有機基であり、
R4およびR8は、互いに独立して、1価の有機基であるか;または、それぞれR3またはR5およびR6またはR9と連結されて環を形成する2価の有機基であってもよく、
R5は、1価の有機基であるか;またはR3またはR4と連結されて環を形成する2価の有機基である。)
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