JP6985795B2 - 標的遺伝子治療のための合成コンビナトリアルaavカプシドライブラリー - Google Patents
標的遺伝子治療のための合成コンビナトリアルaavカプシドライブラリー Download PDFInfo
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Description
[0001] 本出願は、2013年9月26日に出願された米国特許仮出願第61/883,063号(係属中、代理人整理番号36689.341)の優先権を主張する。当該仮出願の内容は、その内容の明確な参照によりその全体が本明細書に具体的に組み込まれる。
[0002] 本発明は、米国国立衛生研究所によって与えられた助成番号HL−097088及びGM−082946での政府支援によってなされた。米国政府は、本発明に一定の権利を有する。
[0003] 該当なし。
[0080] 本発明は、哺乳動物の疾患、傷害、障害、外傷又は機能不全の1つ又は複数の症状を診断、予防、処置又は改善するためのキットの中に含まれる、開示されたrAAVベクターの1つ又は複数を含む組成物を提供する。そのようなキットは、ヒト疾患の診断、発病予防及び/又は治療に有用でありえ、特に、ヒトの癌、糖尿病、自己免疫疾患、腎臓疾患、心血管疾患、膵臓疾患、腸疾患、肝臓疾患、神経疾患、神経筋障害、運動神経欠損症、神経骨格障害、神経学的能力障害、神経感覚機能障害、卒中、虚血、α1アンチトリプシン(AAT)欠乏症、バッテン病、アルツハイマー病、鎌状赤血球症、βサラセミア(thalassamia)、ハンチントン病、パーキンソン病、骨格疾患、外傷、肺疾患の1つ又は複数の症状の処置、予防及び/又は改善に有用でありうる。
[0084] 本発明の遺伝子構築物は、様々な組成で調製することができ、ヒト又は動物対象への投与のために適切な医薬ビヒクルに配合することもできる。
[0086] 別段の定義がない限り、本明細書において用いるすべての専門用語は、本発明が属する技術分野の当業者によって一般に理解されているのと同じ意味を有する。分子生物学用語について一般に理解されている定義は、Riegerら(1991)、Lewin(1994)で見出すことができる。ウイルス学用語の一般に理解されている定義は、Granoff及びWebster(1999)ならびにTidona及びDarai(2002)で見出すことができる。微生物学の一般に理解されている定義は、Singleton及びSainsbury(2002)で見出すことができる。
[0144] 遺伝子治療のための既存のAAVベクターを改善する方法論は、標的組織への優れた形質導入効率を特徴とする、カプシド変異体を誘導するための合理的アプローチ又は指向性進化のいずれかを含む。本発明では、カプシド表面の可変領域のみを修飾するコンビナトリアルカプシドライブラリーを得るために、両方のアプローチを「バーチャルファミリーシャッフリング」の1つの統一設計戦略に統合した。デッドエンド変異体の生成を最小にするために、個々のサブライブラリーを先ず組み立てて、限定された表面露出領域内の適合性アミノ酸残基を予備選択した。その後、成功したファミリーを交配して、約1×108複雑度の組み合わせライブラリーを得た。パッケージングされたウイルスDNAのNext−Genシークエンシングによって指向性進化を受けやすいカプシド表面エリアを明らかにし、このようにして将来の設計のためのガイダンスを得た。AAV2ベースのベクターを得ることによる遺伝子治療用途におけるこのライブラリーの有用性は、ネズミ肝臓において20倍高い形質導入効率を特徴とし、これは今やAAV8のものと等価である。
[0145] 本発明の実施に有用な実験方法は、現代分子遺伝学の文献において見つけることができ、遺伝子治療分野の当業者には周知である。AAVベクターの調製及び精製についての詳細な方法及びプロトコルは、米国特許第7,220,577号(この特許文献の明確な参照によりその全体が本明細書に具体的に組み込まれている)で見出すことができる。
[0149] AAVは、パルボウイルス科に属する一本鎖DNAウイルスである(Muzyczka及びBerns、2001)。AAV由来ベクターは、それらの病原性不在、エピソーム局在及び安定した導入遺伝子発現のため、ヒト遺伝子治療用途向けの有望なツールである(Wuら、2006)。しかし、AAVの臨床使用に対する重大な欠点は、その無差別性及びヒト抗体による中和に対するその感受性である(Louis-Jeuneら、2013)。これらの欠点の両方が、カプシドの表面に露出しているアミノ酸残基の性質によって決まる。1)ウイルス生物学の知識に基づく合理的アプローチによって結合、進入及び/又は細胞内トラフィッキングを助長するようにカプシド残基の突然変異を誘発する(Wuら、2000;Zhongら、2008;Lochrieら、2005;Aslanidiら、2012;Liら、2012;Gabrielら、2013;Pandyaら、2013;Senら、2013;Aslanidiら、2013)、及び2)指向性進化プロセス、すなわちAAVカプシドへの分子修飾のハイスループット導入法を利用して、自然進化の大いに加速された競争の中で多様性と選択の両方を操作する(Mullerら、2003;Peraboら、2003;Maheshriら、2006;Michelfelderら、2007;Kwon及びSchaffer、2008;Liら、2008;Koerberら、2008;Liら、2009;Yangら、2009;(Koerberら、2009;Maguireら、2010;Grayら、2010;Jangら、2011;Yangら、2011;Asuriら、2012;Dalkaraら、2013;Yang及びXiao、2013)、2つの主要な戦略を一般に用いて、AAVベクターを改善する。両方の方法論は、優れた形質導入能力を有するベクターの作成に成功しているが、それらの有用性は、AAV生活環の理解、及び定向進化プロトコルの技術的限界のために限定的である。
[0152] ライブラリー構築。ライブラリーを2工程で造った:先ず、個々のVR系列(1つだけ又は2つの可変領域に突然変異を有する各々)を得て、カプシド集合に適合するアミノ酸の組み合わせについて選択し、次に、構造適合性配列を組み合わせて最終ライブラリーを生成した。以前に記載された(Cocoら、2002)ような縮重ホモ二本鎖遺伝子ファミリー組み換え(Degenerate Homoduplex Gene Family Recombination)(DHGFR)によってDNA断片を合成した:
記載された(Cost及びCozzarelli、2007)ようなヌクレアーゼによって支援される酵素的ライゲーション(ELAN)によって断片を組み立てた。6つの個々のVR系列についての断片を、野生型領域についてはpSub201(Samulskiら、1987)から誘導したPCR産物の、及び可変領域についてはDHGFR産物(又は適切なDHGFRテンプレートが入手できなかった場合にはELAN産物)から誘導したPCR産物の、オーバーラップ伸長(Hortonら、1989)によって生成した。組み立てた断片を、等温DNAアセンブリ(Gibsonら、2009)を用いて、線形化pSubEagApa(3764及び4049のApaI部位間に欠失を含有し、位置4373にEagI部位、サイレント突然変異、を含み、それ故、ApaI部位とEagI部位間への断片の挿入後、完全長cap遺伝子の再構成を可能にする、pSub201誘導体)に挿入した。各15cmディッシュにつきライブラリープラスミド10ng及びpHelper 70μg(1:5000のモル比)をHEK293細胞にコトランスフェクトしたことを除き、以前に記載された(Maheshriら、2006)通りにウイルスライブラリーを生成した。イオジキサノール勾配(Zolotukhinら、1999)を用いてAAVを精製し、rep遺伝子に特異的なプライマー(フォワード:5’−GCAAGACCGGATGTTCAAAT−3’(配列番号165)、リバース:5’−CCTCAACCACGTGATCCTTT−3’(配列番号166))を使用してqPCRによって力価測定した。最終ライブラリーを生成するために、可変領域を含有するオーバーラッピング断片を、個々のウイルスライブラリーから単離した精製DNAから増幅し、オーバーラップ伸長を用いて組み立てた。その産物を上で説明したように線形化pSubEagApaに挿入した。上で説明したように最終ウイルスライブラリーを生成し、精製し、定量した。
5’−CAACCACCTCTACAAACAAATTTCCAG−3’(配列番号167)及び
5’−CACGCCATTAGTGTCCACAG−3’(配列番号168)。
フォワード:5’−GGATGGGCGACAGAGTCATC−3’(配列番号169)及び
リバース:5’−CAAGCAATTACAGATTACGAGTCAGG−3’(配列番号170)
フォワード:5’−TCCCATAGTAACGCCAATAGG−3’(配列番号171)
リバース:5’−CTTGGCATATGATACACTTGATG−3’(配列番号172)
をqPCRに使用した。
フォワード:5’−CCATCTCATCCCTGCGTGTCTCCGACTCAGNNGGACGAGCTGTACAAGTAAATCG−3’(配列番号173)及び
リバース:5’−CCTCTCTATGGGCAGTCGGTGATNNCCATTATAAGCTGCAATAAACAAG−3’(配列番号174)
(ここで、「NN」は特有の配列を示す)。したがって、各リードは、3つのバーコード、すなわち、テンプレート内に位置する、カプシド変異体を識別する1つのバーコードと、プライマー内に位置する、組織サンプルを識別する2つのバーコードを含有する。dna−バーコード、すなわちPython2.7で記述された専用スクリプト、によってシークエンシングデータを分析した。
[0163] ライブラリー設計。様々な血清型間のAAVカプシドタンパク質の構造比較によって、より進化的に分岐したエリアが散在する高相同配列が明らかになった。これらのアミノ酸ストレッチは、可変領域I〜IX(VR、「ループ」としても公知)と一般に呼ばれる(Govindasamyら、2006)。ちなみに、VRは、集合カプシドの表面に局在しており、細胞表面受容体及び他の宿主因子との相互作用に関与していると考えられている。それらの位置のため、VRはまた、カプシド集合にあまり重要でないと予測される。したがって、ライブラリー設計の指針は、集合する足場の完全性を維持するために主鎖配列を変更しないまま表面VRのみを修飾することであった。突然変異誘発のすべての候補位置を150の天然に存在するAAV変異体のアラインメントから選択し、その後、AAV2カプシドの3Dモデル(Xieら、2002)を用いて評価した。
[0183] より好適な規制環境に付随する、AAVベクターを伴う臨床試験の最近の進歩は、より高い形質導入効率、より高い標的親和性、及びより低い免疫原性を有するビヒクルを得るための努力を刺激した。今までに最も多くの実績があるアプローチの1つは、新規AAV血清型の単離であった。その明白な成功にもかかわらず、1度に1つの、新たな血清型の特性評価は、多くの時間と労力を要する。代替方法論は、特定の用途の要求を満たす新たな変異体をランダムに作ることを目指して高複雑度のコンビナトリアルカプシドライブラリーを生成することであった。しかし、カプシドライブラリーを生成するために利用できる様々な戦略には、配列バイアス又は限られた多様性という欠点がある。最後に、多くの好適な突然変異を組み合わせて相加効果を生じさせることができないのは明らか(Aslanidiら、2013)なので、カプシド構造の理解に基づくアミノ酸残基の合理的な突然変異誘発アプローチには実際的な限界があるだろう。本実施例では、3つの戦略(天然に存在する血清型の利用、指向性進化の適用、及び合理的突然変異誘発)すべてを1つの統一アプローチで開発して、遺伝子治療及び関連方法論で使用するためのAAVベクターの可用性を大いに向上させた。
[0187] 下記参考文献は、本明細書に記載されるものを補足する例示的手順又は他の詳細を提供する程度に、下記参考文献の明確な参照によりそれら全体が本明細書に具体的に組み込まれている:
米国特許第7,220,577号(Zolotukhin)
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Claims (6)
- 野生型AAV2カプシドタンパク質のVP1アミノ酸配列において、498位〜507位に配列番号179のアミノ酸配列を有する、修飾AAV2カプシドタンパク質。
- 野生型AAV2カプシドタンパク質のVP1アミノ酸配列において、491位〜501位に配列番号178のアミノ酸配列を有する、修飾AAV2カプシドタンパク質。
- 野生型AAV2カプシドタンパク質のVP1アミノ酸配列において、(i)491位〜501位に配列番号178のアミノ酸配列を有し、(ii)449位〜463位に配列番号177のアミノ酸配列を有する、修飾AAV2カプシドタンパク質。
- さらにY444F置換を有する、請求項3に記載の修飾AAV2カプシドタンパク質。
- 請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の修飾AAV2カプシドタンパク質を含むAAVビリオン。
- 1つ以上の診断用分子、治療用分子又は予防用分子をコードする核酸をさらに含む、請求項5に記載のAAVビリオン。
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