JP6983508B2 - 表面汚染防止のための方法及びシステム - Google Patents
表面汚染防止のための方法及びシステム Download PDFInfo
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- JP6983508B2 JP6983508B2 JP2016514516A JP2016514516A JP6983508B2 JP 6983508 B2 JP6983508 B2 JP 6983508B2 JP 2016514516 A JP2016514516 A JP 2016514516A JP 2016514516 A JP2016514516 A JP 2016514516A JP 6983508 B2 JP6983508 B2 JP 6983508B2
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/02—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using physical phenomena
- A61L2/08—Radiation
- A61L2/10—Ultraviolet radiation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J19/12—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electromagnetic waves
- B01J19/122—Incoherent waves
- B01J19/123—Ultraviolet light
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B17/00—Methods preventing fouling
- B08B17/02—Preventing deposition of fouling or of dust
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B7/00—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass
- B08B7/0035—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass by radiant energy, e.g. UV, laser, light beam or the like
- B08B7/0057—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass by radiant energy, e.g. UV, laser, light beam or the like by ultraviolet radiation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B59/00—Hull protection specially adapted for vessels; Cleaning devices specially adapted for vessels
- B63B59/04—Preventing hull fouling
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B19/00—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics
- G02B19/0004—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the optical means employed
- G02B19/0019—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the optical means employed having reflective surfaces only (e.g. louvre systems, systems with multiple planar reflectors)
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B19/00—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics
- G02B19/0033—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use
- G02B19/0047—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use for use with a light source
- G02B19/0061—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use for use with a light source the light source comprising a LED
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- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
- G02B6/0035—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it
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- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0075—Arrangements of multiple light guides
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
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- G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
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Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- Prevention Of Fouling (AREA)
- Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
- Cleaning In General (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
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Description
紫外線(UV)は可視スペクトルの低波長極端とX線放射線帯域によって境界される電磁光の部分である。UV光のスペクトル域は、定義により100〜400nm(1nm=10−9m)であり、人の目には見えない。CIE分類を用いてUVスペクトルは三つの帯域にわけられる:
315〜400nmのUVA(長波)
280〜315nmのUVB(中波)
100〜280nmのUVC(短波)
最も効率的なUVC発生源は低圧水銀放電ランプであり、平均で入力ワットの35%がUVCワットに変換される。放射はほとんど254nmのみで、すなわち最大殺菌効果の85%で生成される(図3)。Philipsの低圧管状蛍光紫外線(TUV)ランプはオゾン形成放射、この場合185nm水銀線をフィルタ除去する特殊ガラスのエンベロープを持つ。このガラスのスペクトル透過は図4に示され、これらのTUVランプのスペクトルパワー分布は図5に与えられる。
・高パワー密度
・高パワー、同じアプリケーションで使用される低圧タイプよりも少ないランプをもたらす
・環境温度への低感受性
である。ランプは壁温度が600〜900℃になり、ピンチが350℃を超えないように操作されるべきである。これらのランプは低圧ランプが可能なように調光されることができる。
‐防汚光を生成するための一連のUV LED;
‐保護表面にわたってLED点光源から防汚光を発散させるための光発散体;
‐防汚光が表面にわたって発散され得るようにさらにガイドする/発散させるための光ガイド、光ガイドはシリカ粒子又は一つ以上のシリカ被覆部分の有無を問わず、UV光に透明なシリコーン材料の薄層を有する。
‐光が光学媒体を通って移動しなければならない距離を最小化するために、比較的微細なピッチの低パワーLEDが選ばれ得る。
‐'中空'構造、例えば保護表面から短い距離離れたままにするスペーサを持つシリコーンゴムマットが使用され得る。これは空気'チャネル'を作り、それを通してUV光が高効率で伝搬し得る(空気はUVに対して非常に透明である)。このような構造によって提供される気体充填チャネルの使用は、さもなければUV光を強力に吸収し過ぎて防汚に役立たない可能性がある材料の光学媒体においてかなりの距離にわたってUV光を配光することを可能にする。同様に、個別ポケットが形成され得る。
‐特定のシリコーン若しくはUVグレード(溶融)シリカのような、高UV透明性を持つ特殊材料が選ばれ得る。実施形態において、この特殊材料は光に距離の大部分を伝搬させるためのチャネルを作り出すためだけに使用され得る。より安価な/より頑丈な材料が表面の残りの部分に使用され得る。
‐典型的なコンテナ船の保護表面積は〜10.000m2である。
‐典型的なLED光源は〜1mm2の面積を持つ。これは1010小さい。
‐所要パワーレベルを考慮すると、m2あたり約10のLEDが必要とされ得る。
‐これは1LEDから〜1000cm2にわたって光が発散されなければならないことを意味する。
‐例えば以下のような理由のため、別の境界条件としてソリューションは薄くなければならない(1cmの桁):
‐船に'コーティング'としてソリューションを追加することができるようにするため
‐船の断面サイズ増加によって抗力を増加させないため
‐(バルク)材料コストを制限するため
‐本開示は多種多様な分野に適用され得る。天然水に接触するほとんどいかなる物体も、時間とともに生物付着にさらされることになる。これは例えば淡水化プラントの吸水口を妨げ、ポンプステーションのパイプをブロックし、若しくは屋外プールの壁や底を覆う可能性さえある。これらのアプリケーションは全て本発明で提供される方法、照明モジュール及び/又はシステム、すなわち全表面積上の生物付着を防止する効果的な薄い追加表面層によって利益を得る。
‐UV光が好適なソリューションであるが、他の波長も同様に想定される。非UV光(可視光)も生物付着に対して有効である。典型的な微生物はUV光よりも非UV光に対する感受性が低いが、光源への単位入力パワーあたり、かなり高い線量が可視スペクトルにおいて生成され得る。
‐UV LEDは薄い発光面にとって理想的な光源である。しかしながら低圧水銀ランプなどのLED以外のUV光源も使用されることができる。これらの光源の形状因子はかなり異なり、主に光源はかなり大きくなる。これは大きな面積にわたって単一光源からの光全てを'配光'するために異なる光学的設計をもたらす。しかし本明細書で論じた光ガイドの概念は変わらない。さらに、所望の波長及び/又は波長の組み合わせにおける光の顕著な寄与がもたらされ得る。
Claims (18)
- 保護表面の防汚の方法であって、当該保護表面が液体環境に沈んでいる間、
前記保護表面上に光学媒体を設けるステップであって、当該光学媒体は発光面を持つ、ステップと、
前記光学媒体に埋め込まれる少なくとも1つの光源から防汚光を発するステップと、
前記保護表面に実質的に平行な方向に内部全反射を介して前記光学媒体を通して、前記光源から発せられた前記防汚光の少なくとも一部を配光するステップと、
前記保護表面から離れる方向に前記光学媒体の前記発光面から前記配光された防汚光を発するステップと
を有する、方法。 - 前記発光面が前記光学媒体に埋め込まれる配線接続及び前記少なくとも一つの光源の厚さをマスクする若しくは覆い隠す実質的平面である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記発光面が、前記保護表面の構造的不均一性をマスクする若しくは覆い隠す実質的平面である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも一つの光源が少なくとも一つのUV LEDを有する、請求項1から請求項3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記防汚光が前記光学媒体に埋め込まれる二次元格子に配列される複数の光源から発せられる、請求項1から請求項4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記光学媒体がシリコーン材料及び/又はUVグレードシリカ材料を有し、
前記光学媒体が光ガイドと光発散体の組み合わせである、請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の方法。 - 保護表面の防汚のための照明モジュールであって、
防汚光を生成するための光源と、
前記保護表面に実質的に平行な方向に内部全反射を介して光学媒体を通して、前記光源から発せられた前記防汚光の少なくとも一部を配光するための当該光学媒体とを有し、
前記光学媒体が、前記照明モジュールが前記保護表面の上に配置されるときに前記保護表面から離れる方向に前記配光された防汚光を発するための発光面を有し、
前記光源が前記光学媒体に埋め込まれる、照明モジュール。 - 前記発光面が前記照明モジュールに埋め込まれる配線接続及び前記光源の厚さをマスクする若しくは覆い隠す実質的平面である、請求項7に記載の照明モジュール。
- 前記発光面が、前記保護表面の構造的不均一性をマスクする若しくは覆い隠す実質的平面である、請求項7に記載の照明モジュール。
- 前記光源がUV LEDを有する、請求項7から請求項9のいずれか一項に記載の照明モジュール。
- 前記防汚光を生成するための複数の光源を有し、当該複数の光源が二次元格子に配列される、請求項7から10のいずれか一項に記載の照明モジュール。
- 前記複数の光源が金網構造に一連の並列接続で配列される、請求項11に記載の照明モジュール。
- 前記光源が液密カプセルに封入される、請求項7から12のいずれか一項に記載の照明モジュール。
- 前記光学媒体がシリコーン材料及び/又はUVグレードシリカ材料を有し、
前記光学媒体が光ガイドと光発散体の組み合わせである、
請求項7から13のいずれか一項に記載の照明モジュール。 - 前記照明モジュールがタイル若しくは伸長ストリップとして形作られる、請求項7から14のいずれか一項に記載の照明モジュール。
- 請求項7から15のいずれか一項に記載の複数の照明モジュールを有する、保護表面の防汚のためのシステムであって、前記複数の照明モジュールが前記保護表面の実質的に全領域にわたって防汚光を供給するように前記保護表面上に配置される、システム。
- 請求項7から15のいずれか一項に記載の少なくとも一つの照明モジュールを有する船。
- 船体が前記保護表面である、請求項17に記載の船。
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