JP6968821B2 - 癌を治療する方法 - Google Patents
癌を治療する方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6968821B2 JP6968821B2 JP2018554089A JP2018554089A JP6968821B2 JP 6968821 B2 JP6968821 B2 JP 6968821B2 JP 2018554089 A JP2018554089 A JP 2018554089A JP 2018554089 A JP2018554089 A JP 2018554089A JP 6968821 B2 JP6968821 B2 JP 6968821B2
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Description
本発明は、例えば以下の項目を提供する。
(項目1)
癌の治療又は予防を、それを必要とする対象において行う方法であって、化合物1若しくは2:
から選択される治療有効量のFXR作動薬、又はその薬学的に許容可能な塩若しくはアミノ酸抱合体を投与することを含む、方法。
(項目2)
前記癌が、肝細胞癌、膵臓癌、腎臓癌、前立腺癌、食道癌、乳癌、胃癌、腎癌、唾液腺癌、卵巣癌、子宮体癌、膀胱癌、及び肺癌から選択される、項目1に記載の方法。
(項目3)
前記癌が肝細胞癌である、項目1又は2に記載の方法。
(項目4)
前記肝細胞癌が、初期ステージの肝細胞癌、非転移性肝細胞癌、原発性肝細胞癌、進行肝細胞癌、限局性進行肝細胞癌、転移性肝細胞癌、寛解期にある肝細胞癌、又は再発性肝細胞癌からなる群から選択される、項目3に記載の方法。
(項目5)
前記FXR作動薬が、化合物1又はその薬学的に許容可能な塩である、項目1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
(項目6)
前記FXR作動薬が、化合物1のナトリウム塩である、項目5に記載の方法。
(項目7)
前記FXR作動薬が、化合物1のN,N−ジエタンアミン塩である、項目5に記載の方法。
(項目8)
前記FXR作動薬が、化合物2又はその薬学的に許容可能な塩若しくはアミノ酸抱合体である、項目1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
(項目9)
前記FXR作動薬が、化合物2のグリシン抱合体である、項目8に記載の方法。
(項目10)
前記FXR作動薬が、化合物2のタウリン抱合体である、項目8に記載の方法。
(項目11)
前記FXR作動薬が、化合物2のサルコシン抱合体である、項目8に記載の方法。
(項目12)
癌の治療又は予防を、それを必要とする対象において行うための化合物1若しくは2:
から選択されるFXR作動薬、又はその薬学的に許容可能な塩若しくはアミノ酸抱合体、及び薬学的に許容可能な賦形剤を含む医薬組成物。
(項目13)
癌の治療又は予防を、それを必要とする対象において行うためのキットであって、化合物1若しくは2:
又はその薬学的に許容可能な塩若しくはアミノ酸抱合体を含む、キット。
(項目14)
癌の治療又は予防を必要とする対象における癌の治療又は予防のための薬剤の製造における、化合物1若しくは2:
から選択されるFXR作動薬、又はその薬学的に許容可能な塩若しくはアミノ酸抱合体の使用。
本発明は、化合物1及び化合物2が癌を予測する動物モデルにおける癌治療において有効であったという発見に少なくとも部分的に基づいている。下記実施例に記載のように、発明者らは、自然発症肝臓癌形成のマウスモデルにおいて、本発明の化合物が腫瘍増殖を抑制したことを発見した。
宜上、明細書、実施例、及び添付の特許請求の範囲において用いられる特定の用語が、ここに集められている。
本発明は、本発明の化合物が、ヒトにおける癌を予測するマウスモデルにおける癌の治療において有効であるという発見に基づいて少なくとも部分的に基礎づけられる。したがって、本願は、癌の治療又は予防を、それを必要とする対象において行う方法に関し、方法は、化合物1、化合物1−Na、化合物1−DEA、化合物2、及び化合物3:
;ビンデシン;硫酸ビンデシン;硫酸ビネピジン;硫酸ビングリシナート;硫酸ビンロイロシン;酒石酸ビノレルビン;硫酸ビンロシジン;硫酸ビンゾリジン;ボロゾール;ワートマニン;XL518;ザノテロン;ゼニプラチン;ジラスコルブ;ジノスタチンスチマラマー;ジノスタチン;並びに塩酸ゾルビシンが挙げられる。
「医薬組成物」とは、本発明の化合物を、対象への投与に好適な形態で含有する製剤である。一実施形態では、医薬組成物は、バルク又は単位剤形である。投与を容易にし、投与量を均一にするために、組成物を投薬単位形に製剤化することが有利であり得る。投薬単位形についての規格は、活性試薬の特有の特徴及び実現されるべき特定の治療効果によって決定され、それらに直接依存する。
化合物1を、当業者に公知の方法(例えば、米国特許第7,932,244号明細書に記載の方法)によって調製することができる。例えば、化合物1を、スキーム1で示され、国際公開第2014/066819号パンフレットに記載のプロセスによって調製することができる。
化合物2を、従来の方法(例えば、米国特許出願公開第2009/0062526号明細書、米国特許第7,138,390号明細書、及び国際公開第2006/122977号パンフレットに記載の方法)によって、例えば、以下のスキーム2に示される、生成物化合物1(オベチコール酸又はINT−747)に続く6ステップの合成によって、調製することができる。
多剤耐性タンパク質2(Abcb4)は、ATP結合カセット(ABC)トランスポーターのスーパーファミリーのメンバーである。多剤耐性タンパク質2遺伝子ノックアウトマウス(Mdr2−/−)は、自然発症肝臓癌形成のインビボモデルを提供する(Katzenellengoben,et al.Mol.Cancer Res.2007,5,11,1159−1170)。多剤耐性タンパク質2遺伝子によってコードされるAbc4タンパク質を欠損するマウスは、肝細胞癌の発生をもたらす慢性の胆管周囲性炎症及び胆汁うっ滞性肝臓疾患を発症する。
Mdr2−/−及びFXR−/−マウスを、無作為に3つの実験群に分けた。マウスは、特定の齧歯類用飼料、すなわちINT−747、INT−767、又は対照食を加えた飼料を15ヶ月間与えられた。全てのマウスを、温度管理された部屋(23℃)、12時間の明/暗周期で自由飲水させ、病原体が存在しない条件のもとで飼育した。バーリ大学の倫理委員会(Ethical Committee of the University of Bari)が、この実験構成を承認し、国際的に認められた動物飼育のためのガイドラインに従ってイタリア保健省(Italian Ministry of Health)にも認可された。16ヶ月後、マウスを屠殺し、血清、肝臓、及び腸を採取した。肝腫瘍の総数を計数し、各腫瘍の直径を測定した。
群1:対照食
マウス(n=4)は、対照食を15ヶ月間与えられた。
群2:INT−747
マウス(n=8)は、OCAを10mg/kgの用量で加えた対照食を15ヶ月間与えられた。
群3:INT−767
マウス(n=15)は、INT−767を10mg/kgの用量で加えた対照食を15ヶ月間与えられた。
Mdr2−/−マウスにおいて胆汁酸塩によって引き起こされる肝臓炎症及び毒性が肝細胞異形成の発生をもたらす。16ヶ月齢までに、ほぼ100%のMdr2−/−対照マウスが肝臓腫瘍を発症した。16ヶ月齢のFXR−/−マウスは、自然発症型肝細胞癌を発症した。
図1A及び2Aは、Mdr2−/−マウスにおける腫瘍数の減少についてのINT−767、INT−747、及び対照の影響を示す。INT−767は、対照と比較して明らかにこの試験における肝細胞癌の発生を予防した。統計的有意性は、INT−767群に対してはほぼ観察された(p=0.055)が、本試験に使用した対照動物(n=2)の数が少ないため達成されなかった。Mdr2−/−対照マウス及びINT−747処理マウスは明らかに特定可能な肝臓腫瘍を呈したが、INT−767群では微小な腫瘍は認められなかった。図1B及び2Bは、直径5mmを超える腫瘍のパーセント減少におけるINT−767、INT−747、及び対照の影響を示す。INT−747群及び対照群で認められる腫瘍のほぼ80%が、Mdr2−/−マウスにおいて5mmより大きい直径を有した。反対に、INT−767、INT−747、及び対照で処理されたFXR−/−マウスは、いくつかの大型の肝臓腫瘍を呈したが、このことは、肝細胞癌の発生の予防がほとんどFXRに依存していることを示している(図3A、3B及び4)。
図5A及び5Bは、肝臓重量及び体重のパーセント比におけるINT−767及び対照の影響を説明する。以前に生成したデータと一貫して、INT−767処理したMdr2−/−マウスは、対照及びINT−747処理したMdr2−/−マウスと比較して、LW/BW比の有意な減少を示した。LW/BW比の相違は、FXR−/−群においては観察されなかった。
Mdr2−/−及びFXR−/−マウスにおける肝損傷を評価するために、肝臓の酵素であるアラニンアミノトランスフェラーゼ(ALT)及びアスパラギン酸アミノトランスフェラーゼ(AST)のレベルについてのINT−767及び対照の影響を分析した。図6A及び6Bで示されるように、INT−767による治療により、Mdr2−/−マウスにおけるALTとASTのレベルは有意に減少した。しかし、FXR−/−処理したマウスにおいては、ALTとASTのレベルの相違は観察されなかった。
肝細胞癌の予防におけるFXRの関与を実証するために、回腸のFXR標的遺伝子発現についてのINT−767及び対照の影響を評価した。予想通り、INT−747及びINT−767の両方が、Mdr2−/−群においてのみ、繊維芽細胞増殖因子15(Fgf15)及び低分子ヘテロ二量体パートナー(Shp)の遺伝子発現を活性化した(図7A及び7B)。
コレステロール7α−ヒドロキシラーゼ(cyp7a1)は、コレステロールを胆汁酸に変換する古典的生合成経路における律速酵素である。INT−767及びINT−747の両方が、Mdr2−/−マウスにおけるcyp7a1遺伝子発現を阻害した(図8)。胆汁酸塩排出ポンプ(Bsep)は、ATP加水分解のエネルギーを使用して胆汁酸塩を能動輸送する膜タンパク質である。図9A及び9Bに示されるように、INT−767の投与がMdr2−/−マウスにおける肝臓のBsep活性化を誘導した。INT−747は肝臓のBsep誘導を促進しなかったが、このことは、腸及び肝臓においてFXRを効率的に活性化するINT−767とは対照的に、INT−747がMdr2−/−マウスにおいて肝臓活性を有しにくいことを示唆している。
INT−767では、Mdr2−/−マウスにおける血清の胆汁酸レベルが有意に減少した(図10A)。この所見のFXR依存性を、FXR−/−マウスにおいて減少が発生しないことを観察することによって確認した(図10B)。
Claims (7)
- 前記肝細胞癌が、初期ステージの肝細胞癌、非転移性肝細胞癌、原発性肝細胞癌、進行肝細胞癌、限局性進行肝細胞癌、転移性肝細胞癌、寛解期にある肝細胞癌、又は再発性肝細胞癌からなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記FXR作動薬が、化合物1のナトリウム塩である、請求項1又は2に記載の組成物。
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201662321816P | 2016-04-13 | 2016-04-13 | |
US62/321,816 | 2016-04-13 | ||
US201762468259P | 2017-03-07 | 2017-03-07 | |
US62/468,259 | 2017-03-07 | ||
PCT/US2017/026931 WO2017180577A1 (en) | 2016-04-13 | 2017-04-11 | Methods of treating cancer |
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CN108680696B (zh) * | 2018-05-15 | 2020-06-30 | 南京正大天晴制药有限公司 | 一种奥贝胆酸起始物料的检测方法 |
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US9814733B2 (en) * | 2012-12-31 | 2017-11-14 | A,arin Pharmaceuticals Ireland Limited | Compositions comprising EPA and obeticholic acid and methods of use thereof |
CN105377870B (zh) * | 2013-05-14 | 2018-04-03 | 英特塞普特医药品公司 | 作为法尼醇x受体调节剂的胆汁酸的11‑羟基衍生物及其氨基酸共轭物 |
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AU2017249226B2 (en) | 2021-07-15 |
WO2017180577A1 (en) | 2017-10-19 |
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