JP6967582B2 - 液化に先立つ天然ガスの前処理 - Google Patents
液化に先立つ天然ガスの前処理 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6967582B2 JP6967582B2 JP2019512766A JP2019512766A JP6967582B2 JP 6967582 B2 JP6967582 B2 JP 6967582B2 JP 2019512766 A JP2019512766 A JP 2019512766A JP 2019512766 A JP2019512766 A JP 2019512766A JP 6967582 B2 JP6967582 B2 JP 6967582B2
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- stream
- absorption tower
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- tower
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/08—Separating gaseous impurities from gases or gaseous mixtures or from liquefied gases or liquefied gaseous mixtures
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L3/00—Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclass C10G, C10K; Liquefied petroleum gas
- C10L3/06—Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by C10G, C10K3/02 or C10K3/04
- C10L3/10—Working-up natural gas or synthetic natural gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/0204—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the feed stream
- F25J3/0209—Natural gas or substitute natural gas
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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- F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
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- F25J3/0295—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used, e.g. sieve plates, packings
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/06—Heat exchange, direct or indirect
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/54—Specific separation steps for separating fractions, components or impurities during preparation or upgrading of a fuel
- C10L2290/543—Distillation, fractionation or rectification for separating fractions, components or impurities during preparation or upgrading of a fuel
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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- F25J2200/04—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification in a dual pressure main column system
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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- F25J2205/50—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using absorption, i.e. with selective solvents or lean oil, heavier CnHm and including generally a regeneration step for the solvent or lean oil
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
- F25J2290/12—Particular process parameters like pressure, temperature, ratios
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Description
ここで図面を参照するが、類似の参照番号は本開示の類似の構造的特徴または態様を特定する。
本明細書で使用されるとき、用語「高凍結点炭化水素」は、シクロヘキサン、ベンゼン、トルエン、エチルベンゼン、キシレン、および少なくとも5個の炭素原子を有する炭化水素のほとんどを包含する他の化合物群を指す。本明細書で使用されるとき、用語「ベンゼン化合物」は、ベンゼンを指し、そしてまたトルエン、エチルベンゼン、キシレン、および/または他の置換ベンゼン化合物を指す。本明細書で使用されるとき、用語「メタンに富むガス流」は、50体積%を超えるメタンを含むガス流を指す。本明細書で使用されるとき、用語「圧力上昇装置」は、圧縮器および/またはポンプを含む、気体または液体の流れの圧力を上昇させる構成要素を指す。本明細書で使用されるとき、「C4」は、ブタン、ならびにプロパン、エタンおよびメタンなどのより軽い成分群を指す。
本明細書における実施形態は、以下のことが可能である:
− 凍結成分を非常に高い圧力で取り除く;
− 最小限の圧力降下のみを使用する;
− 凍結を避ける;
− 合理的な流れの物理的特性で運転する;
− 装置数を最小限にする;そして
− たとえ再圧縮器が使用されなくても、入口圧力の非常に低い減少でLNG設備の運転を可能にする。
なお、本発明に包含され得る諸態様は、以下のとおり要約される。
[態様1]
天然ガスから高凍結点成分を除去する方法であって、
熱交換器内の供給ガスを冷却すること、
分離容器内で前記供給ガスを第1の蒸気部分と第1の液体部分とに分離すること、
前記熱交換器を用いて前記第1の液体部分を再加熱すること、
前記再加熱された第1の液体部分を高凍結点成分流と非凍結成分流とに分離すること、
前記非凍結成分流を少なくとも部分的に液化すること、
吸収塔の上部供給点で、前記少なくとも部分的に液化した非凍結成分流を受け取ること、
前記吸収塔のより下部の供給点で、冷却された前記分離供給ガスの第1の蒸気部分を受け取ること、
前記吸収塔を使用して、高凍結点凍結成分を実質的に含まない塔頂蒸気生成物と、凍結成分および非凍結成分を含む塔底生成物液体流とを生成すること、ならびに
前記熱交換器を用いて前記吸収塔からの前記塔頂蒸気生成物を再加熱すること
を含む、上記方法。
[態様2]
前記吸収塔が1つ以上の物質移動ステージを含む、上記態様1に記載の方法。
[態様3]
拡張器−圧縮器を用いて再加熱された塔頂蒸気生成物を圧縮して圧縮ガス流を生成することをさらに含む、上記態様1または2に記載の方法。
[態様4]
前記圧縮ガス流を圧縮してより高圧の残留ガス流を生成することをさらに含む、上記態様3に記載の方法。
[態様5]
前記高圧残留ガス流を天然ガス液化設備に送ることをさらに含む、上記態様4に記載の方法。
[態様6]
前記再加熱された第1の液体部分を分離することが、蒸留カラム、蒸留塔、または脱ブタン化器を使用することを含む、上記態様4または5に記載の方法。
[態様7]
前記高圧残留ガス流の一部を前記非凍結成分流と混合すること、前記熱交換器内で前記の混合流を冷却すること、および前記吸収塔への塔頂供給物として前記混合流を使用することをさらに含む、上記態様6に記載の方法。
[態様8]
前記非凍結成分流を少なくとも部分的に液化することが、前記非凍結成分流の少なくとも一部を前記熱交換器で冷却および減圧することを含む、上記態様1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
[態様9]
前記非凍結成分流は、部分的に液化される前に圧縮器で圧力が高められる、上記態様8に記載の方法。
[態様10]
前記吸収塔の前記上部供給点で受け取られる前記流れがスプレーとして導入される、上記態様1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
[態様11]
当該方法が、前記非凍結成分流の一部を、前記熱交換器を通過させるように経路指定することをさらに含み、ここで前記非凍結成分流は、冷却のために前記の再加熱塔頂蒸気生成物を用いて部分的に液化され、かつ、当該方法が、前記非凍結蒸気流の冷却部分を前記吸収塔の側面入口へ経路指定することをさらに含む、上記態様1〜10のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
[態様12]
前記高圧残留ガス流の一部を、前記熱交換器および前記吸収塔へのバルブを通過させるように経路指定することをさらに含む、上記態様1〜11のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
[態様13]
前記塔底生成物液体流の一部を、前記吸収塔から、脱メタン化器、脱エタン化器、脱プロパン化器および脱ブタン化器から選択される1つ以上の追加の塔に経路指定することをさらに含む、上記態様1〜12のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
[態様14]
前記吸収塔運転圧力が、400psia、600psia、700psia、および800psiaのうちの1つを超える、上記態様1〜13のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
[態様15]
前記吸収塔の運転圧力が、入口ガス圧力の400psia、250psia、225psia、および150psiaのうちの1つの範囲内である、上記態様1〜14のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
[態様16]
天然ガスからの高凍結点成分の除去が、高凍結点成分を凍結させることなく行われる、上記態様1〜15のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
[態様17]
天然ガスから高凍結点成分を除去するためのシステムであって、
供給ガスを冷却するための熱交換器、
前記供給ガスを第1の蒸気部分と第1の液体部分とに分離するための分離容器であって、前記第1の液体部分が前記熱交換器内で再加熱される分離容器、
前記再加熱された第1液体部分を高凍結点成分流と非凍結成分流とに分離するための第2の分離容器、および
冷却され減圧された非凍結成分流と冷却され減圧された第1の蒸気部分とを受け取るための吸収塔を含み、
前記吸収塔からの塔頂蒸気生成物が前記熱交換器で再加熱され、前記塔頂蒸気生成物が実質的に高凍結点成分を含まず、
前記吸収塔からの塔底生成物液体流が、高凍結点成分と非凍結成分とを含む、
上記システム。
[態様18]
前記吸収塔が1つ以上の物質移動ステージを含む、上記態様17に記載のシステム。
[態様19]
前記再加熱された塔頂蒸気生成物を圧縮して圧縮ガス流を生成するための膨張器−圧縮器と、前記圧縮ガス流を圧縮してより高圧の残留ガス流を生成するための圧縮器とをさらに含む、上記態様17または18に記載のシステム。
[態様20]
前記第2の分離容器が、蒸留カラム、蒸留塔、または脱ブタン化器である、上記態様17〜19のいずれか1項に記載のシステム。
[態様21]
前記吸収塔の上部供給点に前記の流れを導入するためのスプレーをさらに含む、上記態様17〜20のいずれか1項に記載のシステム。
[態様22]
前記塔底生成物液体流の一部を前記吸収塔から受け取るための1つまたは複数の追加の塔をさらに含み、この1つまたは複数の追加の塔が脱メタン化器、脱エタン化器、脱プロパン化器および脱ブタン化器から選択される、上記態様17〜21のいずれか1項に記載のシステム。
Claims (16)
- 天然ガスから高凍結点成分を除去する方法であって、
熱交換器内の供給ガスを冷却すること、
分離容器内で前記供給ガスを第1の蒸気部分と第1の液体部分とに分離すること、
前記熱交換器を用いて前記第1の液体部分を再加熱すること、
前記再加熱された第1の液体部分を高凍結点成分流と非凍結成分流とに分離することであって、ここで、前記再加熱された第1の液体部分を分離することが、蒸留カラム、蒸留塔、または脱ブタン化器を使用することを含み、
前記非凍結成分流を少なくとも部分的に液化すること、
吸収塔の上部供給点で、前記少なくとも部分的に液化した非凍結成分流を受け取ること、
前記吸収塔のより下部の供給点で、冷却された前記供給ガスから分離された第1の蒸気部分を受け取ること、
前記吸収塔を使用して、高凍結点凍結成分を実質的に含まない塔頂蒸気生成物と、凍結成分および非凍結成分を含む塔底生成物液体流とを生成すること、
前記熱交換器を用いて前記吸収塔からの前記塔頂蒸気生成物を再加熱すること、
拡張器−圧縮器を用いて再加熱された塔頂蒸気生成物を圧縮して圧縮ガス流を生成し、この圧縮ガス流を圧縮してより高圧の残留ガス流を生成すること、ならびに
前記高圧残留ガス流の一部を前記非凍結成分流と混合すること、前記熱交換器内で前記の混合流を冷却すること、および前記吸収塔への塔頂供給物として前記混合流を使用すること
を含む、上記方法。 - 前記吸収塔が1つ以上の物質移動ステージを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記高圧残留ガス流を天然ガス液化設備に送ることをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記非凍結成分流を少なくとも部分的に液化することが、前記非凍結成分流の少なくとも一部を前記熱交換器で冷却および減圧することを含む、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記非凍結成分流は、部分的に液化される前に圧縮器で圧力が高められる、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記吸収塔の前記上部供給点で受け取られる前記流れがスプレーとして導入される、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 当該方法が、前記非凍結成分流の一部を、前記熱交換器を通過させるように経路指定することをさらに含み、ここで前記非凍結成分流は、冷却のために前記の再加熱塔頂蒸気生成物を用いて部分的に液化され、かつ、当該方法が、前記非凍結蒸気流の冷却部分を前記吸収塔の側面入口へ経路指定することをさらに含む、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記高圧残留ガス流の一部を、前記熱交換器および前記吸収塔へのバルブを通過させるように経路指定することをさらに含む、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記塔底生成物液体流の一部を、前記吸収塔から、脱メタン化器、脱エタン化器、脱プロパン化器および脱ブタン化器から選択される1つ以上の追加の塔に経路指定することをさらに含む、請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記吸収塔運転圧力が、400psiaを超える、請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記吸収塔の運転圧力が、入口ガス圧力よりも100〜400psia低い、請求項1〜10のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 天然ガスからの高凍結点成分の除去が、高凍結点成分を凍結させることなく行われる、請求項1〜11のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 天然ガスから高凍結点成分を除去するためのシステムであって、
供給ガスを冷却するための熱交換器、
前記供給ガスを第1の蒸気部分と第1の液体部分とに分離するための分離容器であって、前記第1の液体部分が前記熱交換器内で再加熱される分離容器、
前記再加熱された第1液体部分を高凍結点成分流と非凍結成分流とに分離するための第2の分離容器であって、蒸留カラム、蒸留塔、または脱ブタン化器である前記第2の分離容器、
冷却され減圧された非凍結成分流と冷却され減圧された第1の蒸気部分とを受け取るための吸収塔、ならびに
前記再加熱された塔頂蒸気生成物を圧縮して圧縮ガス流を生成するための膨張器−圧縮器、および前記圧縮ガス流を圧縮してより高圧の残留ガス流を生成するための圧縮器を含み、
前記吸収塔からの塔頂蒸気生成物が前記熱交換器で再加熱され、前記塔頂蒸気生成物が実質的に高凍結点成分を含まず、
前記吸収塔からの塔底生成物液体流が、高凍結点成分と非凍結成分とを含み、
前記高圧残留ガス流の一部を前記非凍結成分流と混合し、前記熱交換器内で前記の混合流を冷却し、および前記吸収塔への塔頂供給物として前記混合流を使用するように経路が指定される、
上記システム。 - 前記吸収塔が1つ以上の物質移動ステージを含む、請求項13に記載のシステム。
- 前記吸収塔の上部供給点に前記の流れを導入するためのスプレーをさらに含む、請求項13または14に記載のシステム。
- 前記塔底生成物液体流の一部を前記吸収塔から受け取るための1つまたは複数の追加の塔をさらに含み、この1つまたは複数の追加の塔が脱メタン化器、脱エタン化器、脱プロパン化器および脱ブタン化器から選択される、請求項13〜15のいずれか1項に記載のシステム。
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KR102243894B1 (ko) | 2021-04-22 |
CN110023463A (zh) | 2019-07-16 |
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WO2018048478A1 (en) | 2018-03-15 |
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CA3035873A1 (en) | 2018-03-15 |
AU2017324000A1 (en) | 2019-03-21 |
PE20190850A1 (es) | 2019-06-18 |
EP3510128A4 (en) | 2020-05-27 |
CA3035873C (en) | 2024-05-14 |
JP2019529853A (ja) | 2019-10-17 |
SA519401248B1 (ar) | 2023-01-09 |
EP3510128A1 (en) | 2019-07-17 |
MX2019002550A (es) | 2019-09-18 |
US20220373257A1 (en) | 2022-11-24 |
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