JP6956078B2 - 着色発光シート及び着色発光ガラス - Google Patents
着色発光シート及び着色発光ガラス Download PDFInfo
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- JP6956078B2 JP6956078B2 JP2018518746A JP2018518746A JP6956078B2 JP 6956078 B2 JP6956078 B2 JP 6956078B2 JP 2018518746 A JP2018518746 A JP 2018518746A JP 2018518746 A JP2018518746 A JP 2018518746A JP 6956078 B2 JP6956078 B2 JP 6956078B2
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- Prior art keywords
- light emitting
- colored
- glass
- weight
- colored light
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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Description
以下に本発明を詳述する。
上記熱可塑性樹脂は特に限定されず、例えば、ポリビニルアセタール樹脂、エチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合体樹脂、エチレン−アクリル共重合体樹脂、ポリウレタン樹脂、硫黄元素を含有するポリウレタン樹脂、ポリビニルアルコール樹脂、塩化ビニル樹脂、ポリエチレンテレフタレート樹脂等が挙げられる。なかでも、ガラス等の透明板と積層したときに、可塑剤と併用して透明板に対して優れた接着性を発揮できることからポリビニルアセタール樹脂が好適である。
上記ポリビニルアセタールのアセタール化度の好ましい下限は40モル%、好ましい上限は85モル%であり、より好ましい下限は60モル%、より好ましい上限は75モル%である。
なお、上記アセタール化度及び水酸基量は、例えば、JIS K6728「ポリビニルブチラール試験方法」に準拠して測定できる。
上記ポリビニルアルコールの重合度の好ましい下限は500、好ましい上限は4000である。上記ポリビニルアルコールの重合度が500以上であると、得られる着色発光シートを用いた合わせガラスの耐貫通性が高くなる。上記ポリビニルアルコールの重合度が4000以下であると、着色発光シートの成形が容易になる。上記ポリビニルアルコールの重合度のより好ましい下限は1000、より好ましい上限は3600である。
上記着色剤としては特に限定されず、例えば、顔料、染料、着色トナー等が挙げられる。これらの着色剤は単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を併用してもよい。なかでも、特に優れた美観を呈することができることから、顔料が好適である。
上記無機顔料としては、例えば、炭酸カルシウム、亜鉛華、鉛白、リトポン、二酸化チタン、沈降性硫酸バリウム、バライト粉等の白色顔料や、鉛丹、酸化鉄赤等の赤色顔料や、黄鉛、亜鉛黄等の黄色顔料や、ウルトラマリン青、プロシア青等の青色顔料や、カーボンブラック等の黒色顔料が挙げられる。これらの無機顔料は単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を併用してもよい。なかでも、乳白色に着色することができ、特に優れた美観を呈することから、白色顔料が好適であり、なかでも炭酸カルシウムが特に好適である。
上記着色トナーとしては特に限定されず、例えば、グリーン、ブラック、ブルー、レッド等のカラートナーが挙げられる。これらの着色トナーは単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を併用してもよい。
しかも、上記ハロゲン原子を含む二座配位子を有するランタノイド錯体又はハロゲン原子を含む三座配位子を有するランタノイド錯体は、耐熱性にも優れる。従って、着色発光シートを太陽光の赤外線が照射される屋外で使用したときにも、高温によって発光材料が劣化してしまうのを防止することができる。
上記ハロゲン原子を含む三座配位子を有するランタノイド錯体は、例えば、ターピリジントリフルオロアセチルアセトンユーロピウム、ターピリジンヘキサフルオロアセチルアセトンユーロピウム等が挙げられる。
上記ハロゲン原子を含むアセチルアセトン骨格を有する二座配位子を有するランタノイド錯体は、例えば、Eu(TFA)3phen、Eu(TFA)3dpphen、Eu(HFA)3phen、[Eu(FOD)3]bpy、[Eu(TFA)3]tmphen、[Eu(FOD)3]phen等が挙げられる。これらのハロゲン原子を含むアセチルアセトン骨格を有する二座配位子を有するランタノイド錯体の構造を示す。
上記ハロゲン原子を含む二座配位子を有するランタノイド錯体又はハロゲン原子を含む三座配位子を有するランタノイド錯体が粒子状である場合、ランタノイド錯体の平均粒子径の好ましい下限は0.01μm、好ましい上限は10μmであり、より好ましい下限は0.03μm、より好ましい上限は1μmである。
これらは単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を用いてもよい。
着色発光シートの透明性がより一層高くなることから、xは1又は2であることが好ましく、ベンゼン環の2位又は5位に水酸基を有することがより好ましく、ベンゼン環の2位及び5位に水酸基を有することが更に好ましい。
上記R1の有機基は炭化水素基であることが好ましく、炭素数が1〜10の炭化水素基であることがより好ましく、炭素数が1〜5の炭化水素基であることが更に好ましく、炭素数が1〜3の炭化水素基であることが特に好ましい。
上記炭化水素基の炭素数が10以下であると、上記テレフタル酸エステル構造を有する発光材料を着色発光シートに容易に分散させることができる。
上記炭化水素基はアルキル基であることが好ましい。
なかでも、コントラストがより一層高い画像を表示できることから、上記一般式(1)で表される構造を有する化合物はジエチル−2,5−ジヒドロキシルテレフタレート(Aldrich社製「2,5−ジヒドロキシテレフタル酸ジエチル」)であることが好ましい。
上記R2の有機基は炭化水素基であることが好ましく、炭素数が1〜10の炭化水素基であることがより好ましく、炭素数が1〜5の炭化水素基であることが更に好ましく、炭素数が1〜3の炭化水素基であることが特に好ましい。
上記炭化水素基の炭素数が上記上限以下であると、上記テレフタル酸エステル構造を有する発光材料を着色発光シートに容易に分散させることができる。
上記炭化水素基はアルキル基であることが好ましい。
上記一般式(2)中、NR3R4はアミノ基である。
R3及びR4は、水素原子であることが好ましい。
上記一般式(2)で表される構造を有する化合物のベンゼン環の水素原子のうち、一つの水素原子が上記アミノ基であってもよく、二つの水素原子が上記アミノ基であってもよく、三つの水素原子が上記アミノ基であってもよく、四つの水素原子が上記アミノ基であってもよい。
上記可塑剤は特に限定されず、例えば、一塩基性有機酸エステル、多塩基性有機酸エステル等の有機エステル可塑剤、有機リン酸可塑剤、有機亜リン酸可塑剤等のリン酸可塑剤等が挙げられる。上記可塑剤は液状可塑剤であることが好ましい。
上記接着力調整剤としては、例えば、アルカリ金属塩又はアルカリ土類金属塩が好適に用いられる。上記接着力調整剤として、例えば、カリウム、ナトリウム、マグネシウム等の塩が挙げられる。
上記塩を構成する酸としては、例えば、オクチル酸、ヘキシル酸、2−エチル酪酸、酪酸、酢酸、蟻酸等のカルボン酸の有機酸、又は、塩酸、硝酸等の無機酸が挙げられる。
そこで、着色発光シートに含まれるカリウム、ナトリウム及びマグネシウムの合計の含有量は50ppm以下であることが好ましい。カリウム、ナトリウム及びマグネシウムの合計の含有量を50ppm以下とすることにより、発光材料の発光性が低下するのを防止することができる。
上記分散剤は、例えば、直鎖アルキルベンゼンスルホン酸塩等のスルホン酸構造を有する化合物や、ジエステル化合物、リシノール酸アルキルエステル、フタル酸エステル、アジピン酸エステル、セバシン酸エステル、リン酸エステル等のエステル構造を有する化合物や、ポリオキシエチレングリコール、ポリオキシプロピレングリコールやアルキルフェニル−ポリオキシエチレン−エーテル等のエーテル構造を有する化合物や、ポリカルボン酸等のカルボン酸構造を有する化合物や、ラウリルアミン、ジメチルラウリルアミン、オレイルプロピレンジアミン、ポリオキシエチレンの2級アミン、ポリオキシエチレンの3級アミン、ポリオキシエチレンのジアミン等のアミン構造を有する化合物や、ポリアルキレンポリアミンアルキレンオキシド等のポリアミン構造を有する化合物や、オレイン酸ジエタノールアミド、アルカノール脂肪酸アミド等のアミド構造を有する化合物や、ポリビニルピロリドン、ポリエステル酸アマイドアミン塩等の高分子量型アミド構造を有する化合物等の分散剤を用いることができる。また、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテルリン酸(塩)や高分子ポリカルボン酸、縮合リシノール酸エステル等の高分子量分散剤を用いてもよい。なお、高分子量分散剤とは、その分子量が1万以上である分散剤と定義される。
着色発光ガラスの態様は特に限定されないが、透明板と本発明の着色発光シートとの積層体構造を採ることが好ましい。上記積層体構造とすることにより取り扱い性が向上し、種々の用途への適用が可能となる。なかでも、一対の透明板の間に本発明の着色発光シートが積層されている構造(合わせガラス構造)を採ることが好ましい。
透明板と、本発明の着色発光シートとの積層体構造を有する着色発光ガラスもまた、本発明の1つである。
一対の透明板の間に本発明の着色発光シートが積層されている構造を有する着色発光ガラスもまた、本発明の1つである。
上記透明板として、2種類以上の透明板を用いてもよい。また、上記透明板として、2種以上の厚さの異なる透明板を用いてもよい。
(1)Eu(TFA)3phenの調製
酢酸ユーロピウム(Eu(CH3COO)3)12.5mmolを50mLの蒸留水へ溶かし、トリフルオロアセチルアセトン(TFA、CH3COCH2COCF3)33.6mmolを加え、室温で3時間撹拌した。沈殿した固体を濾過、水洗後、メタノールと蒸留水で再結晶を行なってEu(TFA)3(H2O)2を得た。得られた錯体Eu(TFA)3(H2O)25.77gと1,10−フェナントロリン(phen)2.5gを100mLのメタノールに溶かし、12時間加熱還流を行なった。12時間後、メタノールを減圧留去により取り除き、白色生成物を得た。この粉末をトルエンで洗浄し、未反応の原料を吸引濾過により取り除いた後、トルエンを減圧留去し、紛体を得た。トルエン、ヘキサンの混合溶媒により再結晶を行なうことにより、Eu(TFA)3phenを得た。
可塑剤であるトリエチレングリコールジ−2−エチルヘキサノエート(3GO)40重量部に、発光材料としてEu(TFA)3phen0.2重量部と、顔料として炭酸カルシウム3.2重量部と、接着力調整剤として最終的な濃度が0.036phrとなるようにアセチルアセトンマグネシウムを加え、着色発光性の可塑剤溶液を調製した。得られた可塑剤溶液の全量と、ポリビニルブチラール(PVB、重合度1700)100重量部とをミキシングロールで充分に混練して樹脂組成物を調製した。
得られた樹脂組成物を、押出機を用いて押出し、厚み760μmの着色発光シートを得た。
得られた着色発光シートを、縦30cm×横30cmの一対のクリアガラス(厚み2.5mm)の間に積層し、積層体を得た。得られた積層体を、真空ラミネーターにて90℃下、30分保持しつつ真空プレスを行い圧着した。圧着後140℃、14MPaの条件でオートクレーブを用いて20分間圧着を行い、合わせガラス構造の着色発光ガラスを得た。
酢酸テリビウム(Tb(CH3COO)3)12.5mmolを50mLの蒸留水へ溶かし、トリフルオロアセチルアセトン(TFA、CH3COCH2COCF3)33.6mmolを加え、室温で3時間撹拌した。沈殿した固体を濾過、水洗後、メタノールと蒸留水で再結晶を行なってTb(TFA)3(H2O)2を得た。得られた錯体Tb(TFA)3(H2O)25.77gと1,10−フェナントロリン(phen)2.5gを100mLのメタノールに溶かし、12時間加熱還流を行なった。12時間後、メタノールを減圧留去により取り除き、白色生成物を得た。この粉末をトルエンで洗浄し、未反応の原料を吸引濾過により取り除いた後、トルエンを減圧留去し、紛体を得た。トルエン、ヘキサンの混合溶媒により再結晶を行なうことにより、Tb(TFA)3phenを得た。
Eu(TFA)3phenに代えてTb(TFA)3phenを用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして着色発光シート、着色発光ガラスを製造した。
Eu(TFA)3phenに代えてジエチル−2,5−ジヒドロキシテレフタレート(アルドリッチ社製、「2,5−ジヒドロキシテレフタル酸ジエチル」)を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして着色発光シート、着色発光ガラスを製造した。
Eu(TFA)3phenの配合量を0.05重量部、0.5重量部とした以外は実施例1と同様にして着色発光シート、着色発光ガラスを製造した。
炭酸カルシウムに代えて、青色顔料としてPigment Blue 15を3.2重量部配合した以外は実施例1と同様にして着色発光シート、着色発光ガラスを製造した。
炭酸カルシウムに代えて、緑色顔料としてPigment Green 7を3.2重量部配合した以外は実施例1と同様にして着色発光シート、着色発光ガラスを製造した。
炭酸カルシウムを配合しなかった以外は実施例1〜3と同様にして発光シート、発光ガラスを製造した。
発光材料を配合しなかった以外は実施例1〜3、6、7と同様にして着色シート、着色ガラスを製造した。
実施例及び比較例で得られた着色発光ガラスについて、以下の方法で評価を行った。
結果を表1、2に示した。
励起光を照射することにより、実施例の着色発光ガラスは、「暈し発光」とも表現できる優れた美観を呈した(暈し発光性評価が〇又は〇〇)。特に着色剤として炭酸カルシウムを用いた実施例1〜5の着色発光ガラスは、極めて優れた美観を呈した(暈し発光性評価が〇〇)。一方、比較例1〜3の発光ガラスでは、発光材料による発光は認められたものの、「暈し発光」は認められなかった(暈し発光性評価が×)。比較例4〜6の着色ガラスでは、励起光を照射しても発光することはなかった(暈し発光性評価が×)。
同様に、励起光を照射した状態で、20人の観察者が発光材料の有無による美観の違いを比較した。即ち、実施例1と比較例4、実施例2と比較例5、実施例3と比較例6、実施例6と比較例7、実施例7と比較例8とを比較した。20人の観察者のうち、発光材料が含まれる着色発光ガラスの発光が美しいと感じた者が16人以上であった場合を「○」、発光材料が含まれる合わせガラスの発光が美しいと感じた者が15人以下の場合を「×」と評価した。
Claims (8)
- 熱可塑性樹脂、着色剤、及び、励起光により波長380〜750nmの可視光を発光する発光材料を含有し、
該着色剤は、炭酸カルシウムを含むことを特徴とする着色発光シート。 - 着色剤100重量部に対する発光材料の含有量が0.1〜50重量部であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の着色発光シート。
- 透明板と、請求項1又は2記載の着色発光シートとの積層体構造を有することを特徴とする着色発光ガラス。
- 一対の透明板の間に請求項1又は2記載の着色発光シートが積層されている構造を有することを特徴とする着色発光ガラス。
- 励起光源と、請求項3又は4記載の着色発光ガラスとからなることを特徴とする窓ガラス。
- 励起光源と、請求項3又は4記載の着色発光ガラスとからなることを特徴とするショーウインドー。
- 励起光源と、請求項3又は4記載の着色発光ガラスとからなることを特徴とするパーティション。
- 励起光源と、請求項3又は4記載の着色発光ガラスとからなることを特徴とする壁ガラス。
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