JP6938394B2 - Steam turbine warm-up method and steam turbine - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a method for warming up a steam turbine and a steam turbine.

At the time of cold start of the steam turbine, the metal temperature of each part of the steam turbine drops to around room temperature. When the main steam is introduced into the passenger compartment of the steam turbine in this state to start the steam turbine, excessive thermal stress is generated due to the temperature difference between the high temperature main steam and the metal of each part of the low temperature steam turbine. This may lead to damage to parts that make up the steam turbine, such as the passenger compartment, stationary blades, rotors, and moving blades installed in the rotors.

In Patent Document 1, warm-up steam is introduced from the intermediate position of the steam turbine to warm up while maintaining a balance between the forward flow rate and the reverse flow rate, and the pressure of the warm-up steam is controlled while monitoring the rise in metal temperature. Techniques for voluntarily raising are disclosed.

Patent Document 2 discloses a technique in which a warm-up completion condition is one when the difference between the metal temperature of the steam turbine and the steam temperature in the vehicle interior is within an allowable range.

Special Publication No. 62-324 Japanese Patent No. 3559573

In Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2, the metal temperature is used as a criterion for determining a change in pressure and the end of warm-up. However, it is difficult to grasp the metal temperature of the entire huge steam turbine, and there is a possibility that the metal temperature may differ depending on the place where the temperature is measured. With this, it may not be possible to accurately grasp the warm-up state in the vehicle interior.

The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and provides a steam turbine warm-up method and a steam turbine capable of performing appropriate warm-up while grasping the warm-up state of the entire passenger compartment of the steam turbine. The purpose is to provide.

In order to solve the above problems, the steam turbine warm-up method and the steam turbine adopt the following means.
That is, the method for warming up the steam turbine according to one aspect of the present invention is a warm-up method for warming up by introducing steam for warming up into the passenger compartment of a steam turbine including a passenger compartment and a rotor. , The pressure in the passenger compartment is adjusted according to the amount of heat expansion in the passenger compartment.

The method for warming up the steam turbine according to the main body aspect is to adjust the pressure in the passenger compartment according to the amount of heat expansion in the passenger compartment when introducing steam into the passenger compartment. According to this, the amount of heat expansion in the passenger compartment, which is reflected by the rise in the temperature of the entire passenger compartment, can be used as a criterion for determining the pressure adjustment in the passenger compartment. As a result, the temperature rise of the steam turbine due to the warm air that introduces steam into the passenger compartment is more accurately compared to the case where the metal temperature in a part of the region where the local temperature is grasped is used as a criterion. It is possible to grasp the temperature rise state due to warming up. In addition, the temperature inside the vehicle interior is gradually increased by gradually increasing the amount of heat transfer by gradually adjusting (increasing) the pressure inside the vehicle interior while grasping the warm-up state from the temperature rise of the entire vehicle interior due to the amount of heat expansion. It can be raised, and contact in local gaps and generation of excessive thermal stress can be suppressed. Therefore, it is possible to prevent deformation damage of parts constituting the steam turbine such as the passenger compartment, stationary blades, rotor, and moving blades provided in the rotor, and contact damage of parts installed in a narrow gap.
In addition, since the passenger compartment is filled with high-pressure steam for measuring the temperature inside the passenger compartment, it is necessary to add a seat that can seal the high-pressure steam to the passenger compartment in order to install the temperature sensor. Furthermore, when the size of the passenger compartment is small due to a small-capacity steam turbine, etc., and when the space for installing the temperature sensor is limited by adding a seat for measuring the temperature, the heat expansion of the passenger compartment is as described above. If the amount is used as a criterion for adjusting the pressure inside the vehicle interior, it is not necessary to additionally install a temperature sensor, and the equipment cost can be reduced.

Further, in the steam turbine warm-up method according to one aspect of the present invention, the warm-up operation is terminated when the heat elongation amount of the passenger compartment reaches a predetermined value.

The steam turbine warm-up method according to the main body aspect ends warm-up when the heat elongation amount in the passenger compartment reaches a predetermined value. According to this, when the amount of heat expansion due to the warm-up state of the passenger compartment reaches a predetermined amount due to the temperature rise of the entire passenger compartment, the warm-up operation may be terminated based on a simple judgment. By setting the timing for ending the warm-up operation to a predetermined value of the amount of heat expansion in the passenger compartment, the timing for ending the warm-up can be easily set. That is, by monitoring the amount of heat expansion in the vehicle interior, the warm-up can be completed in a state where the vehicle interior is warmed up easily and surely. Therefore, even if the main steam is introduced into the passenger compartment after the warm-up operation is completed, the thermal stress due to the temperature difference between the main steam and the parts constituting the steam turbine such as the passenger compartment, the stationary blade, the rotor, and the moving blades provided in the rotor. Damage due to the occurrence of

Further, the method for warming up a steam turbine according to one aspect of the present invention is a warm-up method for warming up by introducing steam for warming up into the passenger compartment of a steam turbine including a passenger compartment and a rotor. , The amount of heat elongation in the vehicle interior and the temperature in the vehicle interior are acquired, and the pressure in the vehicle interior is adjusted according to at least one of these.

In the method of warming up the steam turbine according to the main body aspect, when introducing steam into the passenger compartment, the amount of heat elongation in the passenger compartment and the temperature in the passenger compartment are acquired, and the pressure in the passenger compartment is adjusted according to at least one of these. do. That is, if at least one of the heat elongation amount of the vehicle interior and the vehicle interior temperature satisfies a predetermined condition, the pressure inside the vehicle interior is adjusted. According to this, at least one of the amount of heat expansion of the passenger compartment and the passenger compartment temperature, which reflects the temperature of the entire passenger compartment, can be used as a criterion for pressure adjustment. As a result, the temperature rise of the steam turbine due to the warm air that introduces steam into the passenger compartment is more accurately and accurately compared to the case where only the metal temperature in a part of the region where the local temperature is grasped is used as the criterion. It is possible to grasp the temperature rise state due to warming up of the entire room. In addition, by having two judgment criteria, even if the change of one judgment standard is delayed due to an unexpected effect, the other judgment standard can be applied to the judgment standard of pressure adjustment in the vehicle interior without delaying the timing. Can be done. Furthermore, it is possible to grasp the warm-up state of the entire vehicle interior while grasping the local metal temperature.

Further, the method for warming up the steam turbine according to one aspect of the present invention ends the warm-up operation when at least one of the acquired heat elongation amount of the passenger compartment and the temperature of the passenger compartment reaches a predetermined value. do.

In the steam turbine warm-up method according to the main body aspect, the warm-up operation is terminated when at least one of the acquired heat elongation amount of the passenger compartment and the temperature of the passenger compartment reaches a predetermined value. That is, the warm-up is terminated when at least one of the heat elongation amount of the vehicle interior and the vehicle interior temperature satisfies the predetermined conditions. According to this, at least one of the heat expansion amount of the passenger compartment and the passenger compartment temperature reflecting the temperature of the entire passenger compartment can be used as the criterion for determining the end of warm-up. As a result, the temperature rise of the steam turbine due to the warm air that introduces steam into the passenger compartment is more accurate than the case where only the metal temperature in a part of the region where the local temperature is grasped is used as the criterion for the end of warm-up. Therefore, it is possible to accurately grasp the temperature rise state due to warming up of the entire passenger compartment. In addition, by having two judgment criteria, even if the change of one judgment standard is delayed due to an unexpected effect, the other judgment standard can be applied to the judgment standard of pressure adjustment in the vehicle interior without delaying the timing. Can be done. Furthermore, it is possible to grasp the warm-up state of the entire vehicle interior while grasping the local metal temperature.

Further, in the method for warming up the steam turbine according to one aspect of the present invention, the adjustment of the pressure in the vehicle interior is an adjustment in which the pressure is gradually increased.

In the method of warming up the steam turbine according to the main body aspect, the adjustment of the pressure in the vehicle interior is an adjustment in which the pressure is gradually increased. According to this, the pressure in the vehicle interior can be gradually and sequentially increased according to the criteria such as the amount of heat expansion in the vehicle interior and the temperature in the vehicle interior. For example, the maximum heat elongation amount that can be reached by warming up is divided into equal parts, and the pressure is gradually increased according to the number of divisions to gradually increase the heat transfer amount, thereby gradually increasing the vehicle interior temperature. be able to. As a result, the temperature difference between the warm steam and the parts constituting the steam turbine can be suppressed during warming, and the generation of excessive thermal stress can be suppressed. Therefore, it is possible to prevent damage to parts constituting the steam turbine such as the passenger compartment, the stationary blade, the rotor, and the moving blade provided in the rotor. For example, when the maximum heat elongation amount is set to X mm and it is divided into four, each time the passenger compartment heats up by 0.25 X mm, the pressure inside the passenger compartment is increased by four divisions until the pressure rise at the end of warming up. ..

Further, in the method for warming up a steam turbine according to one aspect of the present invention, the steam turbine includes a slide bearing base that supports the rotor, and the amount of heat elongation in the vehicle interior is obtained from the amount of movement of the slide bearing base. do.

In the method for warming up the steam turbine according to the main body aspect, the steam turbine is provided with a slide bearing base that supports the rotor, and the amount of heat elongation in the vehicle interior is obtained from the amount of movement of the slide bearing base. According to this, for example, if a needle is provided on the slide bearing base and a scale capable of reading the movement amount of the needle is prepared, the heat elongation amount of the vehicle interior can be easily obtained by the slide bearing base.

Further, in the method for warming up a steam turbine according to one aspect of the present invention, steam that has finished work in the rotor of the steam turbine is introduced from an outlet that discharges from the passenger compartment.

In the method for warming up the steam turbine according to the main body aspect, the steam for warming up the passenger compartment is introduced from the discharge port provided in the steam turbine. According to this, it is possible to warm up the steam turbine without newly installing a steam supply port for warming up. In particular, it is suitable for use in a back pressure turbine in which low-pressure (positive pressure) working steam flows through a steam pipe connected to an outlet.

Further, in the method for warming up the steam turbine according to one aspect of the present invention, the steam for warming up the passenger compartment is introduced from a drain outlet provided in the passenger compartment at an intermediate position of the rotor of the steam turbine. ..

In the method for warming up the steam turbine according to the main body aspect, the steam for warming up the passenger compartment is introduced from the drain outlet provided in the steam turbine. According to this, steam is introduced from the vicinity of the high temperature side, which is designed to increase the heat expansion tolerance of the passenger compartment, and smooth warm-up becomes possible more reasonably.

Further, in the method for warming up a steam turbine according to one aspect of the present invention, the steam turbine is a back pressure turbine.

In the method for warming up the steam turbine according to the main body aspect, the steam turbine is a back pressure turbine. According to this, low-pressure work steam (work steam in a factory, etc.) circulated in a steam pipe connected to an outlet can be used as warm-up steam. That is, it is not necessary to newly install a line for supplying warm-up steam, and the equipment cost can be reduced.

Further, in the method for warming up the steam turbine according to one aspect of the present invention, the predetermined temperature at which the passenger compartment is heated by the steam for warming up the passenger compartment and the amount of heat elongation of the passenger compartment is saturated is the steam. After the turbine has warmed up, the temperature is set to be 100 ° C. to 150 ° C. lower than the temperature of the main steam supplied to the passenger compartment.

In the steam turbine warm-up method according to the main body aspect, if the difference between the temperature of the main steam and the predetermined temperature at which the heat elongation of the passenger compartment is saturated (main steam temperature> predetermined temperature) is within this temperature difference, the main It can be said that there is no problem due to the difference in thermal elongation and thermal stress caused in the parts due to the temperature difference between the steam and the parts constituting the steam turbine.

The steam turbine according to one aspect of the present invention is a steam turbine including a passenger compartment and a rotor, and when warming up by introducing steam for warming up into the passenger compartment, the amount of heat elongation in the passenger compartment is increased. A control unit for adjusting the pressure in the vehicle interior is provided accordingly.

The steam turbine according to the main body aspect is provided with a control unit that adjusts the pressure in the passenger compartment according to the amount of heat expansion in the passenger compartment during warm-up for introducing steam into the passenger compartment. According to this, the pressure in the passenger compartment can be adjusted by the amount of heat expansion in the passenger compartment reflected by the rise in the temperature of the entire passenger compartment. As a result, the temperature rise of the steam turbine due to the warm air that introduces steam into the passenger compartment is more accurately compared to the case where the pressure is adjusted by the metal temperature in a part of the region where the local temperature can be grasped. It is possible to warm up while grasping the temperature rise state in the entire warm-up. In addition, the temperature inside the vehicle interior is gradually increased by gradually increasing the amount of heat transfer by gradually adjusting (increasing) the pressure inside the vehicle interior while grasping the warm-up state from the temperature rise of the entire vehicle interior due to the amount of heat expansion. Can be raised. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of contact damage of parts installed in a narrow gap and damage due to excessive thermal stress. Therefore, it is possible to prevent damage to parts constituting the steam turbine such as the passenger compartment, the stationary blade, the rotor, and the moving blade provided in the rotor. Furthermore, if the size of the steam turbine is small and the space for installing an additional seat that can install a temperature sensor that measures the temperature is limited, as described above, the amount of heat expansion in the passenger compartment can be used to increase the pressure in the passenger compartment. If it is used as a judgment standard, it is not necessary to additionally install a temperature sensor, and it also leads to a reduction in equipment cost.

The steam turbine according to one aspect of the present invention includes a slide bearing base that supports the rotor.
The control unit acquires the heat elongation amount of the vehicle interior from the movement amount of the slide bearing base, and ends the warm-up when the acquired heat expansion amount of the vehicle interior reaches a predetermined value.

The steam turbine according to the main body aspect is provided with a slide bearing base that supports the rotor, and the control unit acquires the heat elongation amount of the vehicle interior from the movement amount of the slide bearing base, and the acquired heat elongation amount of the vehicle interior is a predetermined value. When it reaches, warm-up is terminated. According to this, the heat elongation due to the warm-up state of the passenger compartment from the temperature rise of the entire passenger compartment is grasped as the movement amount of the slide bearing base, and a simple judgment is made when the movement of the slide bearing base reaches a predetermined amount. The warm-up operation may be terminated. By setting the end timing of the warm-up operation to a predetermined value of the heat expansion amount of the vehicle interior, the warm-up end timing can be easily set. That is, by monitoring the amount of heat expansion in the vehicle interior, the warm-up can be completed in a state where the vehicle interior is warmed up easily and surely. Therefore, even if the main steam is introduced into the passenger compartment after the warm-up operation is completed, the thermal stress due to the temperature difference between the main steam and the parts constituting the steam turbine such as the passenger compartment, the stationary blade, the rotor, and the moving blades provided in the rotor. Can be suppressed.

The steam turbine according to one aspect of the present invention is a steam turbine including a passenger compartment and a rotor, and when warming up by introducing steam for warming up into the passenger compartment, the amount of heat elongation of the passenger compartment and the amount of heat elongation in the passenger compartment It is provided with a control unit that acquires the vehicle interior temperature and adjusts the pressure inside the vehicle interior according to at least one of them.

The steam turbine according to the main body aspect includes a control unit that acquires the heat elongation amount and the vehicle interior temperature of the vehicle interior at the time of warming up and adjusts the pressure in the vehicle interior according to at least one of them. According to this, the pressure can be adjusted by using at least one of the heat elongation amount of the vehicle interior and the vehicle interior temperature, which reflects the temperature of the entire vehicle interior, as a criterion for pressure adjustment. As a result, the temperature rise of the steam turbine due to the warm air that introduces steam into the passenger compartment is more accurately adjusted for the entire passenger compartment than when the pressure is adjusted by the metal temperature in a part of the area where the local temperature is grasped. It is possible to grasp the warm-up state of. In addition, by detecting two criteria, even if the change of one criterion is delayed due to an unexpected effect, the other criterion is applied to the criteria for pressure adjustment in the vehicle interior without delaying the timing. Can be done. Furthermore, it is possible to grasp the warm-up state of the entire vehicle interior while grasping the local metal temperature.

The steam turbine according to one aspect of the present invention includes a slide bearing base that supports the rotor, and the control unit acquires the heat elongation amount of the vehicle interior from the movement amount of the slide bearing base, and the acquired vehicle. The warm-up is terminated when at least one of the heat expansion amount of the chamber and the vehicle interior temperature reaches a predetermined value.

The steam turbine according to the main body aspect is provided with a slide bearing base that supports the rotor, and the control unit acquires the heat elongation amount of the vehicle interior from the movement amount of the slide bearing base, and obtains the heat elongation amount of the vehicle interior and the vehicle. Warm-up is terminated when at least one of the room temperatures reaches a predetermined value. According to this, the warm-up operation can be terminated while grasping the warm-up state of the entire vehicle interior. As a result, the warm-up can be completed with the interior of the vehicle being warmed up. Therefore, even if the main steam is introduced into the passenger compartment after the warm-up operation is completed, it is installed in a narrow gap between the main steam and the parts constituting the steam turbine such as the passenger compartment, the stationary blade, the rotor, and the moving blades provided in the rotor. It is possible to suppress the occurrence of contact damage of parts and damage due to thermal stress due to temperature difference. In addition, by detecting two criteria, even if the change of one criterion is delayed due to an unexpected effect, the other criterion can be used as a criterion for the end of warm-up in the vehicle interior without delaying the timing. It can be applied. Furthermore, it is possible to grasp the warm-up state of the entire vehicle interior while grasping the local metal temperature.

According to the present invention, it is possible to perform appropriate warm-up while grasping the warm-up state of the entire vehicle interior of the steam turbine.

It is a schematic vertical sectional view of the steam turbine which concerns on 1st and 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a top view of the steam turbine of FIG. It is a schematic block diagram at the time of warm-up operation of the steam turbine which concerns on 1st and 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure showing (A) pressure change of the vehicle interior, (B) the amount of heat elongation of the vehicle interior, and (C) the temperature of the vehicle interior of the steam turbine according to the first embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure showing (A) pressure change of the vehicle interior, (B) the amount of heat elongation of the vehicle interior, and (C) the temperature of the vehicle interior of the steam turbine according to the second embodiment of the present invention. It is a schematic block diagram at the time of warm-up operation of another example of the steam turbine which concerns on the modification of 1st and 2nd Embodiment of this invention.

Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

[First Embodiment]
Hereinafter, the first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4.
First, the configuration of the steam turbine 10 of the present embodiment will be described.
As shown in FIG. 1, the steam turbine of the present embodiment is, for example, a back pressure turbine (steam turbine) 10. The back pressure turbine 10 includes a vehicle compartment 12 and a rotor 14. In the following description of the embodiment, a back pressure turbine will be described as an example, but the present invention is not limited to the back pressure turbine, and can be applied to a steam turbine having a condenser.

The passenger compartment 12 incorporates parts constituting the back pressure turbine 10 such as a rotor 14 and a stationary blade (not shown), and is generated from a boiler (not shown) at a high temperature of, for example, 500 to 550 ° C. or 10 M to 15 MPa. It is a metal container through which high-pressure steam flows.

The main portion of the rotor 14 is built in the passenger compartment 12, and shaft portions 14A and 14B extending in the axial direction of the rotor 14 are provided on both end sides in the axial direction (horizontal direction). Further, a moving blade (not shown) is provided in the main part of the rotor 14 built in the vehicle interior 12. High-temperature and high-pressure steam generated from a boiler (not shown) acts on moving blades (not shown) to drive the rotor 14 to rotate. The steam that has passed through the rotor 14 and expanded to several MPa is exhausted from the discharge port P2 (described later).

The shaft portion 14A is rotatably supported by the journal bearing 16A. Further, the journal bearing 16A is provided on the fixed bearing base 20. A generator (not shown) is connected to the shaft portion 14A, and the rotational drive of the rotor 14 is transmitted to the generator to generate electricity.

The shaft portion 14B is rotatably supported by a journal bearing 16B and a thrust bearing 18. Further, the journal bearing 16B and the thrust bearing 18 are provided on the slide bearing base 22.

The slide bearing base 22 has a slide mechanism (not shown) that can slide and move in the axial direction of the rotor 14 with respect to the foundation B, and a heat elongation transmission mechanism (not shown) that transmits heat elongation of the vehicle interior 12 as a movement amount. The rotor 14 slides in the axial direction in accordance with the heat expansion (described later) of the passenger compartment 12. On the other hand, the fixed bearing base 20 is fixed to the foundation B, and its position is always fixed. That is, the slide bearing base 22 is configured to be close to and separated from the fixed bearing base 20 in the axial direction of the rotor 14.

As shown in FIG. 2, a heat elongation amount measuring unit 24 is provided on the slide bearing base 22 side so that the heat elongation amount of the vehicle interior 12 can be measured. In the case of FIG. 2, a needle is provided on the slide bearing base 22, and a scale is provided on the foundation B. The needle provided on the slide bearing base 22 moves with respect to the scale provided on the foundation B. With this configuration, the amount of heat elongation of the vehicle interior 12 can be measured by measuring the amount of movement of the slide bearing base 22 with respect to the foundation B.

The back pressure turbine 10 is connected to each steam pipe as shown in FIG. The back pressure turbine 10 in FIG. 3 does not have a condenser, and the high-temperature and high-pressure steam supplied to the back pressure turbine from a boiler (not shown) expands in the back pressure turbine 10 to rotate the rotor 14. Get drive.

Further, in the back pressure turbine 10, the pressure of the discharged steam is equal to or higher than the atmospheric pressure in normal operation, and the discharged steam having the atmospheric pressure or higher is used, for example, as working steam in a factory.

In FIG. 3, the passenger compartment 12 of the back pressure turbine 10 has an intake port P1 that takes in main steam from a boiler (not shown) during normal operation, and an discharge port that discharges steam that has finished work in the rotor 14 during normal operation. Equipped with P2, a drain discharge port P3 that can discharge drain from the middle position of the rotor 14 during normal operation or start / stop, and a warm-up drain discharge port P4 that can discharge warm-up steam and drain from warm-up steam during warm-up. ing.

The suction port P1 is connected to a boiler (not shown) via a suction port side pipe S1. Further, steam valves 31 and 32 are provided in the suction port side pipe S1. During normal operation, the high-temperature and high-pressure steam generated by the boiler circulates in the suction port side pipe S1 and is guided from the suction port P1 into the passenger compartment 12.

The discharge port P2 is connected to the work steam pipe S5 via the discharge port side pipe S2. Further, a steam valve 33 is provided in the discharge port side pipe S2.
During normal operation, the steam above atmospheric pressure discharged from the discharge port P2 to the outside of the passenger compartment 12 circulates in the discharge port side pipe S2 and is guided to the work steam pipe S5. Further, a steam pipe S6 connected to a discharge port of a back pressure turbine of another system is connected to the work steam pipe S5. In the case of FIG. 3, the number of steam pipes S6 from other systems is one, but this is not limited to one, and for example, there may be two or more. Further, the steam pipe S6 is not limited to the steam pipe connected to the discharge port of the back pressure turbine of another system, but is also connected to a boiler (a boiler different from the boiler that generates main steam during normal operation) (not shown). It may be. The steam above atmospheric pressure flowing through the work steam pipe S5 is supplied as work steam to each work place in the factory.
On the other hand, during warm-up (described later) in the present embodiment, steam above atmospheric pressure flowing through the work steam pipe S5 is discharged from the discharge port P2 through the discharge port side pipe S2 as warm-up steam in the passenger compartment 12. Guided in.

The drain discharge port P3 is connected to a drain discharge system (not shown). During normal operation, the drain in the passenger compartment 12 is discharged to the outside of the passenger compartment 12 from the drain discharge port P3.

A warm-up drain discharge pipe S4 is connected to the warm-up drain discharge port P4. Further, a steam valve 36 is provided in the warm-up drain discharge pipe S4. At the time of warming up, the warm-up end steam and the drain that circulate in the passenger compartment 12 and provide heat for raising the temperature of the warm air are discharged to the outside of the passenger compartment 12 from the warm-up drain discharge port P4.

Next, warming up of the back pressure turbine 10 of the present embodiment will be described.
In the warm-up of the present embodiment, the steam flowing through the working steam pipe S5 is used as the warm-up steam. The steam flowing through the work steam pipe S5 is distributed so that it can be used for work steam in a factory, for example, separately from the operating status of the back pressure turbine 10 that requires warm air.

By opening the steam valve 33, the warm-up steam taken into the vehicle interior 12 from the discharge port P2 via the discharge port side pipe S2 heats the parts constituting the back pressure turbine 10. At this time, the rotor 14 is rotated (turned) at several rpm by an electric motor (not shown) to suppress the deflection deformation of the rotor 14 due to the temperature rise of the rotor 14 and to make the temperature of the rotor 14 as uniform as possible. .. On the other hand, the warm-up steam is cooled by supplying heat to raise the temperature of the parts constituting the back pressure turbine 10, and a part of the warm-up steam is condensed to become a drain, and the warm-up drain is discharged together with the warm-up end steam. It is discharged from the outlet P4. During warm-up, the steam valves 31 and 32 provided in the suction port side pipe S1 and the steam valves (not shown) connected to the drain discharge port P3 are closed, and steam, drain, etc. There is no distribution.

The pressure in the passenger compartment 12 during warm-up is adjusted by the opening degree of the steam valve 36 provided in the warm-up drain discharge pipe S4. By increasing the pressure in the passenger compartment 12, the amount of heat transferred from the steam in the passenger compartment 12 increases, and as a result, the heating of the parts constituting the back pressure turbine 10 is promoted. As a result, the temperature difference between the temperature of the parts constituting the back pressure turbine 10 and the high-temperature main steam guided into the vehicle interior 12 during normal operation is reduced, and the temperature is raised to a predetermined temperature difference or less (described later) by warming up. As a result, thermal deformation of the parts constituting the back pressure turbine 10 due to the introduction of the main steam from the suction port P1 is suppressed, and the back pressure turbine 10 can be started smoothly.

Next, the method for warming up the back pressure turbine 10 of the present embodiment will be described in detail.
As shown in FIG. 4, in warming up the back pressure turbine 10 of the present embodiment, the pressure in the vehicle interior 12 is gradually increased (see FIG. 4A). The timing for increasing the pressure in the passenger compartment 12 is based on the heat elongation amount of the passenger compartment 12 obtained from the heat elongation amount measuring unit 24 (see FIG. 4B).
For example, when the temperature of the passenger compartment 12 due to warming up is saturated and the heat elongation amount of the passenger compartment 12 is saturated, the heat elongation amount is confirmed in advance as the maximum heat elongation amount of the passenger compartment 12 at the end of warming up. There is. This maximum heat elongation amount is set to X mm, and by dividing X mm into a plurality of parts, it is used as a criterion for gradually increasing the pressure in the vehicle interior 12. The pressure in the passenger compartment 12 at the end of warming up by warming up is set, and by dividing the pressure at the end of warming up into a plurality of parts, the pressure in the passenger compartment 12 is set as a target pressure for gradually increasing.

In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4B, for example, when the maximum heat elongation amount X is divided into four equal parts and the pressure at the end of warming up is divided into four equal parts, the passenger compartment 12 is about 0. Every time the heat is expanded by 25 X mm, the target pressure in the passenger compartment 12 is gradually increased by 1/4 of the pressure at the end of warming up. The pressure at the end of warming up is set, for example, with 60% to 90% of the pressure of steam exhausted from the discharge port P2 (for example, several MPa) during normal operation as a guide. The pressure at the end of warming up is set from the rate of warming up, and the pressure at the end of warming up is set high so that the temperature can be raised by warming up within the target time, but on the other hand, warming up so that the temperature distribution does not occur as much as possible. The pressure at the end is set to be low, and the pressure is set to an appropriate level from the balance between the two.

An example of a stepwise increase in the pressure target is pressure adjustment (stepped pressure adjustment) as shown in the step function shown in FIG. 4 (A). By gradually increasing the pressure in the passenger compartment 12, the estimated value of the temperature in the passenger compartment 12 (the vehicle interior temperature (estimated value)) is gradually increased as shown in FIG. 4 (C). Here, the vehicle interior temperature (estimated value) is calculated based on the heat elongation amount of the vehicle interior 12, and is a gradient obtained by dividing the predetermined temperature T1 at the end of warming up by the heat elongation amount X at the end of warming up, which will be described later. It is calculated from the relationship of.

When the temperature (estimated value) in the passenger compartment 12 reaches the predetermined temperature T1, the heat elongation amount of the passenger compartment 12 becomes X mm, which is the maximum heat elongation amount at the end of warming up, and the warming up of the back pressure turbine 10 is completed. It becomes. Here, the predetermined temperature T1 is the temperature (estimated value) in the passenger compartment 12 when the heat elongation amount of the passenger compartment 12 is saturated by warming up. When the temperature of the main steam supplied to the passenger compartment 12 after the end of warm-up is T2, the temperature of the warm-up steam and the pressure at the end of warm-up are adjusted so that the temperature satisfies 100 ° C. ≤ T2-T1 ≤ 150 ° C. It is preferable to select. For example, if T2 is 500 ° C., T1 is preferably selected in the range of 350 ° C. ≦ T1 ≦ 400 ° C. This temperature range can be set so that if T2-T1 is within this temperature difference, problems due to thermal elongation difference and thermal stress caused by the temperature difference between the main steam and the components constituting the back pressure turbine 10 do not occur. It is in the temperature range.

The maximum heat elongation amount X is not divided into four equal parts (1/4), but for example, it is set to 2/4 at first, and the pressure atmosphere is kept low until a certain temperature rise, and then 1/6. By increasing the pressure increase width little by little, the temperature increase rate differs due to the difference in heat capacity of each part in the initial stage during warming up, and the temperature distribution is likely to occur. By setting the pressure lower than the step pressure, it may be difficult to make a temperature difference between the parts.

The opening / closing of each steam valve, the adjustment of the opening degree, the determination of the end of warm-up, etc. may be performed by an operator or may be performed by a control unit (not shown). When the operator performs this, the operator confirms the heat elongation measuring unit 24 to open / close each steam valve, adjust the opening degree, determine the end of warm-up, and the like. When executed by the control unit, a sensor (not shown) that measures the heat elongation amount transmits the heat elongation amount to the control unit, so that the control unit acquires the heat elongation amount. In addition, each steam valve is electrically connected to the control unit, and the control unit uses the acquired heat elongation amount to open / close each steam valve, adjust the opening degree, determine the end of warm-up, calculate the required value, and so on. conduct.

The control unit includes, for example, a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a RAM (Random Access Memory), a ROM (Read Only Memory), a computer-readable storage medium, and the like. Then, as an example, a series of processes for realizing various functions are stored in a storage medium or the like in the form of a program, and the CPU reads this program into a RAM or the like to execute information processing / arithmetic processing. As a result, various functions are realized. The program is installed in a ROM or other storage medium in advance, is provided in a state of being stored in a computer-readable storage medium, or is distributed via a wired or wireless communication means. Etc. may be applied. Computer-readable storage media include magnetic disks, magneto-optical disks, CD-ROMs, DVD-ROMs, semiconductor memories, and the like.

According to this embodiment, the following effects are obtained.
The amount of heat expansion of the passenger compartment 12 reflected by the rise in the temperature of the entire passenger compartment 12 can be used as a criterion for determining the pressure adjustment in the passenger compartment 12 and a criterion for completing warm-up. Compared to the case where the temperature rise of the back pressure turbine 10 due to the warm air that introduces steam into the passenger compartment 12 is used as the criterion for determining the metal temperature in a part of the region where the local temperature is grasped, the entire passenger compartment 12 is more accurately performed. It is possible to grasp the warm-up state of. The heat elongation amount of the passenger compartment 12 was obtained from the movement amount of the slide bearing base 22 by grasping the heat elongation due to the warm-up state of the passenger compartment 12 as the movement amount of the slide bearing base 22 from the temperature rise of the entire passenger compartment 12. When the heat elongation amount reaches a predetermined value, the warm-up operation may be terminated based on a simple judgment.
Further, the pressure in the passenger compartment 12 is gradually adjusted (increased) stepwise while grasping the warm-up state from the temperature rise of the entire passenger compartment 12 due to the heat expansion amount of the passenger compartment 12, and the heat transfer amount is gradually increased. Therefore, the temperature inside the passenger compartment 12 can be gradually raised. As a result, it is possible to suppress damage due to contact in a local gap or generation of excessive thermal stress caused by the temperature difference between the warm air steam and the parts constituting the back pressure turbine 10 during warming. Therefore, contact and deformation of parts installed in a narrow gap of the parts constituting the back pressure turbine 10 such as the passenger compartment 12, the stationary blade (not shown), the rotor 14, and the moving blade (not shown) provided in the rotor 14. It is possible to prevent damage due to damage and damage due to thermal stress generation. Further, since the inside of the passenger compartment 12 is filled with high-pressure steam for measuring the temperature inside the passenger compartment 12, it is necessary to add a seat capable of sealing the high-pressure steam to the passenger compartment 12 in order to install the temperature sensor. Further, when the size of the passenger compartment 12 is small due to a small-capacity back pressure turbine 10 or the like, and when the space for installing the temperature sensor is limited by adding a seat for measuring the temperature, the passenger compartment is described above. If the adjustment criterion for increasing the pressure in the vehicle interior 12 is used by using the heat elongation amount of 12, it is not necessary to additionally install a temperature sensor and it leads to a reduction in equipment cost.
When the warm-up steam is introduced from the discharge port P2 when the back pressure turbine 10 is warmed up, the low-pressure work steam (inside the factory) that flows through the work steam pipe S5 connected to the discharge port P2 as the warm-up steam. Work steam etc.) can be used. That is, it is not necessary to newly install a line for supplying warm-up steam, and the equipment cost can be reduced.
Further, when the heat elongation amount of the passenger compartment 12 reaches a predetermined value, the warm-up is terminated. According to this, the warm-up operation may be terminated in a state where the warm-up state is grasped from the temperature rise of the entire vehicle interior 12. By setting the timing for ending the warm-up operation to a predetermined value of the amount of heat expansion in the passenger compartment 12, the timing for ending the warm-up can be easily set. That is, by monitoring the amount of heat expansion in the passenger compartment 12, the warm-up can be completed in a state where the inside of the passenger compartment 12 is warmed up easily and surely. Therefore, even if the main steam is introduced into the passenger compartment 12 after the warm-up operation is completed, the main steam and the rotor blades (not shown) provided in the passenger compartment 12, the stationary blades (not shown), the rotor 14, and the rotor 14 (not shown). It is possible to suppress the generation of thermal stress due to the temperature difference with the parts constituting the back pressure turbine 10 such as.
Further, the back pressure turbine 10 can obtain the same effect even if it is a steam turbine having a condenser.

[Second Embodiment]
Hereinafter, the second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
The present embodiment is different in the timing of increasing the pressure in the vehicle interior 12 from the first embodiment described above, and is the same in other respects. Therefore, only the points different from the first embodiment will be described, and the description of other points will be omitted.

As shown in FIG. 5, in warming up the back pressure turbine 10 of the present embodiment, the pressure in the vehicle interior 12 is gradually increased (see FIG. 5 (A)). The timing for increasing the pressure in the passenger compartment 12 is the heat elongation amount of the passenger compartment 12 (see FIG. 5B) obtained from the heat elongation amount measuring unit 24 and the temperature of the passenger compartment 12 (vehicle interior temperature, FIG. 5 (FIG. 5). C) Both parameters (see) are acquired and adjusted according to at least one of them. The vehicle interior temperature is different from the one calculated based on the heat elongation amount of the vehicle interior 12 of the first embodiment, and is a temperature obtained by actually measuring the vehicle interior temperature from a predetermined position in the vehicle interior 12. .. The predetermined position is preferably a location that can represent the temperature rise of the vehicle interior 12, and the predetermined position in the present embodiment is shown, for example, as the inner surface of the vehicle compartment 12 near the warm-up drain discharge port P4 on the rotor 14 side. Not measured by a temperature sensor.
For example, as in the first embodiment, the maximum heat elongation amount of the vehicle interior 12 due to warm-up is grasped as X mm, and X mm is equally divided into a plurality of X mm. Further, when the vehicle interior temperature before warming up is T0, T1-T0 is set to ΔT, and ΔT is divided into the same number as the number of divisions and the division ratio of the heat elongation amount. In the present embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 5 (B) and 5 (C), when the maximum heat elongation amounts Xmm and ΔT are equally divided into four, each time the passenger compartment 12 thermally expands by 0.25 X mm, or Every time the passenger compartment 12 rises by ΔT / 4, the pressure in the passenger compartment 12 is gradually increased at at least one of the timings.

The maximum heat elongation amount X mm is not divided into four equal parts (1/4). For example, the pressure atmosphere is kept low until a certain temperature rise by setting it to 2/4 at first, and then 1/6 each. By increasing the pressure increase width, the temperature increase rate differs due to the difference in heat capacity of each part in the initial stage during warming, and the temperature distribution is likely to occur, but the atmospheric pressure in the initial stage during warming is changed to the later stage during warming. By setting the pressure lower than the pressure of, the temperature difference between the parts may be less likely to occur. At this time, the vehicle interior temperature is initially ΔT / 2, and then the pressure inside the vehicle interior 12 is gradually increased each time the vehicle interior temperature rises by ΔT / 6.

By gradually increasing the pressure in the vehicle interior 12, the vehicle interior temperature gradually increases as shown in FIG. 5 (C). When the heat elongation amount of the passenger compartment 12 reaches the maximum heat elongation amount of X mm, or when the passenger compartment temperature measured by a temperature sensor (not shown) reaches a predetermined temperature T1, the warm-up of the back pressure turbine 10 is completed. Become.

Here, the predetermined temperature T1 and the maximum heat elongation amount Xmm may be set as follows.
The predetermined temperature T1 is a temperature at which the warm air steam is introduced to raise the pressure in the passenger compartment 12 to the pressure at the end of warming up, and the amount of heat elongation in the passenger compartment 12 is saturated. When the temperature of the main steam supplied to the passenger compartment 12 after the warm-up is completed is T2, in the present embodiment, the temperature difference is set to satisfy 100 ° C.≤T2-T1≤150 ° C. For example, if T2 is 500 ° C., T1 is set in the range of 350 ° C. ≦ T1 ≦ 400 ° C. Within this predetermined temperature difference range, if T2-T1 is within this temperature difference, problems due to thermal elongation difference and thermal stress caused by the temperature difference between the main steam and the components constituting the back pressure turbine 10 do not occur. It is a temperature range that can be achieved.
Further, the maximum heat elongation amount of X mm is determined in advance as the heat elongation amount of the passenger compartment 12 at the time when the warming up is completed by the temperature inside the passenger compartment becoming a predetermined temperature T1 by warming up.

As in the first embodiment, the opening / closing of each steam valve, the opening / closing adjustment, the determination of the end of warm-up, etc. may be performed by the operator or may be performed by a control unit (not shown). When the operator performs this, the operator checks the heat elongation measuring unit 24 and the temperature sensor (not shown) for measuring the temperature inside the vehicle, and opens and closes each steam valve according to the timing of at least one of these. , Adjust the opening, judge the end of warm-up, etc. When executed by the control unit, a sensor (not shown) that measures the heat elongation amount transmits the heat elongation amount to the control unit, so that the control unit acquires the heat elongation amount. Further, a temperature sensor (not shown) that measures the vehicle interior temperature transmits the vehicle interior temperature to the control unit, so that the control unit acquires the vehicle interior temperature. Further, each steam valve is electrically connected to the control unit, and the control unit determines the opening / closing of each steam valve, the opening degree adjustment, the judgment of the end of warm-up, and the necessary values according to the acquired heat elongation amount and the vehicle interior temperature. Is calculated.

According to this embodiment, the following effects are obtained.
According to at least one of the heat elongation amount of the passenger compartment 12 and the temperature of the passenger compartment 12 reflected by the rise in the temperature of the entire passenger compartment 12, the judgment criteria for the pressure adjustment in the passenger compartment 12 and the judgment criteria for the end of warm-up can do. As a result, the temperature rise of the back pressure turbine 10 due to the warm air that introduces steam into the passenger compartment 12 is more accurate than the case where only the metal temperature in a part of the region where the local temperature can be grasped is used as a criterion. It is possible to grasp the temperature rise state of the entire vehicle interior 12 due to warming up. In addition, by having two judgment criteria, even if the change of one judgment standard is delayed due to an unexpected influence, the judgment standard for pressure adjustment in the passenger compartment 12 is determined by the other judgment standard without delaying the timing. Can be applied to. Further, it is possible to grasp the warm-up state of the entire vehicle interior 12 while grasping the local metal temperature. As a result, the temperature inside the passenger compartment 12 is gradually increased by gradually increasing the amount of heat transfer by gradually adjusting (increasing) the pressure inside the passenger compartment 12 while grasping the warm-up state more accurately. It is possible to suppress contact in a local gap and generation of excessive thermal stress generated in the parts constituting the back pressure turbine 10. Therefore, even if the main steam is introduced into the passenger compartment 12 after the warm-up operation is completed, thermal stress is generated in the parts constituting the back pressure turbine 10 such as the passenger compartment 12, the stationary blades, the rotor 14, and the moving blades provided in the rotor 14. It is possible to prevent damage due to damage and damage due to contact or deformation of parts installed in a narrow gap. Further, the back pressure turbine 10 can obtain the same effect even if it is a steam turbine having a condenser.

As a modification of the first and second embodiments, as shown in FIG. 6, warm-up steam may be supplied from the drain discharge port P3. In this case, the drain discharge port P3 is located in the middle of the rotor 14 and is connected to the work steam pipe S5 via the drain discharge port side pipe S3. Further, steam valves 34 and 35 are provided in the drain discharge port side pipe S3, and when warming up, the steam valve 33 is closed and the steam valves 34 and 35 are opened in the discharge port side pipe S2. The pressure in the passenger compartment 12 is adjusted by the opening degree of the steam valve 36 provided in the warm-up drain discharge pipe S4. According to this, since the main steam of high temperature and high pressure is taken in from the suction port P1 of the passenger compartment main body 12A of the passenger compartment main body 12A, it is designed to have a large heat elongation tolerance. Compared to the discharge port P2 that discharges steam, the drain discharge port P3 introduces steam from the vicinity of the high temperature side, so that the vehicle interior main body 12A and the rotor 14 can warm up more reasonably and smoothly. During normal operation, for example, under the state where steam is shut off by the steam valve 35, the drain in the passenger compartment main body 12A can be discharged by a switching valve or a drain pipe (not shown), and the drain works. It is configured so that it does not flow into the steam pipe S5.

In the first and second embodiments, a back pressure turbine has been described as an example as a steam turbine, but it goes without saying that the above-mentioned warm-up method can also be adopted for a condensate turbine having a condenser. The warm-up steam in this case can be supplied, for example, by providing a warm-up steam supply line.

10 Back pressure turbine (steam turbine)
12 Chassis 14 Rotor 14A, 14B Shaft 16A, 16B Journal bearing 18 Thrust bearing 20 Fixed bearing 22 Slide bearing 24 Thermal elongation measurement section 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36 Steam valve P1 Suction port P2 Exhaust Outlet P3 Drain discharge port P4 Warm-up drain discharge port S1 Suction port side piping S2 Discharge port side piping S3 Drain discharge port side piping S4 Warm-up drain discharge piping S5 Work steam piping S6 Steam piping B Basic

Claims (14)

A warm-up method in which steam for warming up is introduced into the passenger compartment of a steam turbine including a passenger compartment and a rotor to warm up the turbine.
A method for warming up a steam turbine that adjusts the pressure in the passenger compartment according to the amount of heat expansion in the passenger compartment. The method for warming up a steam turbine according to claim 1, wherein the warm-up operation is terminated when the heat elongation amount of the passenger compartment reaches a predetermined value. A warm-up method in which steam for warming up is introduced into the passenger compartment of a steam turbine including a passenger compartment and a rotor to warm up the turbine.
A method for warming up a steam turbine that acquires the amount of heat elongation in the vehicle interior and the temperature in the vehicle interior and adjusts the pressure in the vehicle interior according to at least one of them. The method for warming up a steam turbine according to claim 3, wherein the warm-up operation is terminated when at least one of the acquired heat elongation amount in the passenger compartment and the temperature in the passenger compartment reaches a predetermined value. The method for warming up a steam turbine according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the adjustment of the pressure in the vehicle interior is an adjustment in which the pressure is gradually increased. The steam turbine includes a slide bearing base that supports the rotor.
The method for warming up a steam turbine according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the amount of heat elongation in the vehicle interior is obtained from the amount of movement of the slide bearing base. The warming of the steam turbine according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the steam for warming the passenger compartment is introduced from an outlet for discharging steam that has finished work in the rotor of the steam turbine from the passenger compartment. Machine method. The warm-up of the steam turbine according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the steam for warming the passenger compartment is introduced from a drain outlet provided in the passenger compartment at an intermediate position of the rotor of the steam turbine. Method. The method for warming up a steam turbine according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the steam turbine is a back pressure turbine. The temperature of the passenger compartment is raised by the steam that warms the passenger compartment, and the predetermined temperature at which the temperature of the passenger compartment is saturated becomes the temperature of the main steam supplied to the passenger compartment after the steam turbine finishes warming up. The method for warming up a steam turbine according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the temperature is set to be 100 ° C. to 150 ° C. lower. A steam turbine with a passenger compartment and a rotor
A steam turbine including a control unit that adjusts the pressure in the passenger compartment according to the amount of heat expansion in the passenger compartment during warm-up in which steam for warming up is introduced into the passenger compartment. A slide bearing base for supporting the rotor is provided.
13. The steam turbine described. A steam turbine with a passenger compartment and a rotor
At the time of warming up by introducing steam for warming up into the passenger compartment, the amount of heat expansion of the passenger compartment and the temperature inside the passenger compartment are acquired, and the pressure inside the passenger compartment is adjusted according to at least one of these. A steam turbine equipped with a control unit that allows the turbine to operate. A slide bearing base for supporting the rotor is provided.
The control unit acquires the heat elongation amount of the vehicle interior from the movement amount of the slide bearing base, and at least one of the acquired heat elongation amount of the vehicle interior and the temperature of the vehicle interior reaches a predetermined value. The steam turbine according to claim 13, wherein the warm-up is terminated in the case.

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