JP6937059B1 - Disaster urine treatment kit - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prevent excrement and its odor from leaking only by closing the mouth of a bag body without checking human waste after adding human waste, and composting human waste treatment by simply burying it in soil. Provide a kit. SOLUTION: This is a disaster-use urine treatment kit for putting slaked urine after excretion, and is contained in a biodegradable bag 3 and a bag 3 made of a resin composition containing a biodegradable polymer compound. A water-absorbent carrier on which microorganisms capable of decomposing organic substances in urine are deposited and a mixture 4 of a powder containing calcium hydroxide or dolomite hydroxide are added, and the bag 3 is set on the inner surface of the Western-style toilet bowl 1. use. After use, it can be buried in the soil. [Selection diagram] Fig. 1

Description

The present invention relates to a disaster urine treatment kit. More specifically, the present invention relates to a disaster urine treatment kit used in the event of a disaster, which can be installed in a toilet bowl or the like and used after use by burying it in soil while containing human waste and composting it.

If the water and sewage functions stop due to a disaster such as an earthquake or water outage, the flush toilet cannot be used. In preparation for such a situation, a portable toilet for emergencies has been proposed.
For example, an excretion treatment bag and a deodorant coagulant which are used by sprinkling a deodorant coagulant mixed with a deodorant and a coagulant on an excrement treatment bag made of a polyethylene film installed in a toilet bowl. A portable toilet set provided is disclosed (see Patent Document 1).

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2016-59720

However, the portable toilet set described in Patent Document 1 has a problem that the user feels embarrassed because the reflected sound at the time of excretion is loud because the portable toilet set is added directly to the excrement treatment bag. In addition, the user needs to sprinkle the deodorant coagulant on the human waste while looking into the bag after adding the work, which causes resistance and discomfort in use.
In addition, when using the portable toilet set described in Patent Document 1, the mouth of the bag is closed after the work is added, and the bag is stored at home or transported to a predetermined storage place for storage, and then traffic or garbage. After the functions such as collection are restored, it will be treated as kitchen waste or household waste. However, since many excrement disposal bags are put out at evacuation shelters in the event of a disaster, the storage location and disposal method become a problem. In addition, the bag may be torn when the excrement treatment bag is transported or stacked and stored, and the odor or contents may leak. In this case, infectious diseases may occur due to the propagation of bacteria.

The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and can reduce the reflected sound at the time of excretion, and prevents the excrement and its odor from leaking by simply closing the mouth of the bag body after adding the work. The purpose is to provide a human waste treatment kit that can be used and can be composted simply by burying it in the soil.

As a result of examining a disaster-use human waste treatment kit in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors have obtained a biodegradable bag body in which a water-absorbent carrier on which microorganisms are implanted is added as a disaster-use human waste treatment kit. By using it, it was found that the generation of the odor of excrement can be suppressed, and that the bag body and human waste are decomposed and composted in the soil, and the present invention has been completed.
That is, the present invention relates to the following inventions [1] to [6].
[1] A disaster-use urine treatment kit for containing slaked urine after excretion, which is a biodegradable bag made of a resin composition containing a biodegradable polymer compound, and slaked urine in the bag. A disaster urine treatment kit comprising a water-absorbent carrier on which a microorganism capable of degrading the organic substances in the bag is deposited, and a powder containing at least one selected from the group consisting of calcium hydroxide and dolomite hydroxide.
[2] The disaster urine treatment kit according to [1], wherein the biodegradable polymer compound is a compostable biodegradable polymer compound.
[3] The disaster urine treatment kit according to [2], wherein the compostable biodegradable polymer compound is polybutylene succinate.
[4] The disaster urine treatment kit according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein the powder is a powder containing 90% by mass or more of calcium hydroxide, dolomite hydroxide or a mixture thereof.
[5] The water-absorbent carrier is one or more carriers selected from the group consisting of rice husk, rice husk, rice bran, rice straw, straw, bark, deciduous leaves, bagasse, corn cob and peat, [1] to [1] to [ 4] The disaster urine treatment kit according to any one of.
[6] Further, in the biodegradable bag, carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium polycarboxylate, polyvinyl alcohol, gelatin, pectin, carrageenan, xanthan gum, guar gum, curdlan, tamarind gum, locust bean gum. The disaster urine treatment kit according to any one of [1] to [5], further comprising at least one biodegradable thickener selected from the group consisting of.
[7] The disaster urine treatment kit according to any one of [1] to [6], further comprising water to be put into the biodegradable bag.

According to the present invention, it can be used by installing it in a container such as a Western-style or Japanese-style toilet, a bucket, a cardboard, or a hole provided in the soil, and absorbs water in a biodegradable bag before adding water. A disaster urine treatment kit can be provided that comprises a powder containing at least one selected from the group consisting of a sex carrier, calcium hydroxide, and dolomite hydroxide, and optionally a thickener, water. Since the reflected sound of urine from the water-absorbent carrier is smaller than the reflected sound of urine from the bag body, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a disaster-use urine treatment kit capable of reducing the reflected sound during excretion. Further, according to the present invention, unlike the conventional excrement treatment bag, it is not necessary to add a deodorant coagulant or the like while looking into the bag, and the mouth is closed as it is after use. It is possible to provide a urine treatment kit for disasters, which can prevent the generation of bad odors such as ammonia odor from excrement. Further, according to the present invention, since the bag body, the water-absorbent carrier and the powder are composed of a biodegradable material or a component that does not adversely affect the environment, they are decomposed by burying them in the soil as they are after use. We can provide a disaster urine treatment kit that can be composted.
In addition, the disaster urine treatment kit of the present invention can also be used for storing organic substances that emit a foul odor such as household food waste and vomit, and burying them in soil for composting.

1 (a) to 1 (d) are schematic views showing a method of using the disaster urine treatment kit of the present invention. 2 (a) and 2 (b) are views showing a state in which a disaster urine treatment kit after use is sealed. FIG. 3A is a schematic cross-sectional view of a hole provided on the ground of Example 1, and FIG. 3B is provided on the ground on which the car of Example 1 and a human waste treatment kit for disaster after use are placed. FIG. 3 (c) is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a state in which a post-use disaster urine treatment kit is embedded in a hole provided on the ground of Example 1.

The disaster sewage treatment kit of the present invention is a disaster sewage treatment kit for containing human waste after excretion, and is a biodegradable sac body composed of a resin composition containing a biodegradable polymer compound, and the biodegradable bag body. The bag comprises a water-absorbent carrier in which microorganisms capable of degrading organic substances in human waste are implanted, and a powder containing at least one selected from the group consisting of calcium hydroxide and dolomite hydroxide. It is a human waste treatment kit for disasters.
Hereinafter, each component will be described in detail.

[Biodegradable polymer compound]
A biodegradable polymer compound is used in the resin composition for forming the biodegradable bag body of the present invention. When a bag made from a biodegradable polymer compound is embedded in soil or compost, it is hydrolyzed and / or biodegraded by the synergistic action of microorganisms, water and temperature, and finally water and carbon dioxide. It does not generate harmful substances and does not harm the environment.

The biodegradable polymer compound is not particularly limited as long as it has biodegradability. For example, polyglycolic acid (PGA), polycaprolactone (PCL), polyethylene succinate (PES), polybutylene succinate (PBS), polyethylene terephthalate succinate (PETS), polybutylene succinate adipate (PBSA), polybutylene adipate. Telephthalate (PBAT), Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), Polyhydroxybutyrate / Hydroxyhexanoate (PHBH), Polyhydroxyvalerate (PHV), Polyester carbonate, Polydioxanone (PDS), Polylactic acid (PLA), Poly ( Lactic acid-glycolic acid), poly (lactic acid-ε-caprolactone), poly (glycolic acid-trimethylene carbonate), or copolymers thereof, etc., cellulose, purulan, polyhydroxyalkanoic acid (eg, polyglutamic acid, polyglycolyl). Polysaccharides such as acid, polylactic acid, polyhydroxybutyrate, polyhydroxybutyrate, polyaspartic acid, polycaprolactone or copolymers thereof, starch, cellulose, amylose, chitin, chitosan, dextran, purulan and their modifications, Peptides such as collagen, casein, fibrin, gelatin, polyamino acids, etc. can be mentioned. From the viewpoint of easiness of decomposition in a soil environment or a compost (high temperature and high humidity) environment, polylactic acid and polybutylene succinate are preferable. , Polybutylene succinate adipate. From the viewpoint of environmental problems, a plant-derived biodegradable polymer compound is preferable to a petroleum-derived biodegradable polymer. Particularly preferably, a plant-derived polybutylene succinate (polybutylene succinate) For example, BioPBS manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Co., Ltd.) can be mentioned.
These biodegradable polymer compounds may be used alone, a mixture of two or more kinds of polymer compounds, or two or more kinds of copolymers may be used. ..

Each of the above-mentioned biodegradable polymer compounds has different biodegradation performance, and has a different shape collapse rate (elapsed time until the shape starts to collapse after molding, also referred to as a shape collapse period). In the present invention, various biodegradable polymer compounds having different shapes collapse rates themselves are combined with a powder containing at least one selected from the group consisting of calcium hydroxide and dolomite hydroxide, which will be described later. As a result, the biodegradable period of the biodegradable polymer compound can be accelerated due to the basic catalytic effect of the powder, and it also contributes to the suppression of acidification of the soil.

The resin composition used for the bag body of the disaster urine treatment kit of the present invention is particularly limited as long as it exhibits substantially sufficient mechanical properties when used as a molded product such as a bag or a container. Not done. Generally, the molecular weight of the biodegradable polymer compound contained in the resin composition is, for example, 1,000 to 1,000,000, for example, 5,000 to 750,000, for example, 5,000 to 500,000, for example, 10,000 to. 300,000, for example 10,000 to 200,000. By using a polymer having a molecular weight in this range, it has sufficient mechanical strength and biodegradability.

[Bag body]
The bag body of the present invention may be, for example, a bag body having a capacity capable of accommodating human waste when attached to a Western-style toilet bowl or the like, and has a shape that is sufficiently open during use and can seal excrement after use. You can use the same shape as that used for conventional portable toilets for emergencies.
For example, it is a bag body made of a film having an opening on one side or a bag body having a bottom surface, and the bag body can be sealed by closing the opening and tying it or twisting it several times and then tying it. Further, the bag body is sealed with a fastener that can be sealed and released, which is composed of a linear convex portion provided inside the opening edge of the bag body and a linear concave portion for inserting and holding the linear convex portion. Can be done. The fastener can easily seal the opening of the bag body by the user pressing with a finger to insert the linear convex portion into the linear concave portion. As the film, either a single-layer film or a laminated film can be used.
In addition, the bag body is preferably a dark color such as black or green so that excrement after use cannot be seen.

The production of the film constituting the bag body is not particularly limited, and known methods such as hot press molding and melt extrusion molding can be used. The film thickness of the bag body of the present invention can be adjusted according to the characteristics of the polymer used (flexibility, extensibility, breaking strength, etc.), and does not leak odor until it is buried in soil after use or disposed of as household waste. Moreover, the thickness is not particularly limited as long as it is not torn. It is preferable to mold it thinly in order to increase the decomposition rate, but it must have strength that does not break during use. The thickness of the bag is, for example, 2 μm to 1.0 mm, for example, 5 μm to 300 μm, for example, 5 μm to 200 μm, for example, 10 μm to 100 μm.

In the present invention, the film of the bag is made of a biodegradable resin, an inorganic powder such as calcium carbonate, a dye, a pigment, a plasticizer, a stabilizer, a lubricant, a baggicide, a titanium oxide, etc. in an amount that does not damage the environment. Can be used.

[Water-absorbent carrier]
The disaster urine treatment kit of the present invention has a water-absorbent carrier in which microorganisms capable of decomposing organic substances in human waste are implanted in a biodegradable bag.
The microorganism may be any microorganism as long as it can decompose organic matter in human waste, and examples thereof include bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis, actinomycetes and filamentous fungi.
The carrier is not particularly limited as long as it can implant microorganisms, but a carrier on which microorganisms can easily grow is preferable. It is preferable to use wood, plants, etc. or waste materials thereof, which are implanted with microorganisms and easily grow. Examples of waste materials such as wood or plants include sawdust, rice husks, rice bran, rice straw, straw, bark, deciduous leaves, bagasse, corn cob, peat and the like. In particular, Oga scrap has a low specific density, is light and has excellent water absorption, has microorganisms capable of decomposing organic substances in urine, and has a high porosity (about 85 to 90%). It is easy to create aerobic conditions in which organic substances can be decomposed by microorganisms, and is preferable as a water-absorbent carrier. Waste materials such as wood and plants are decayed and decomposed by bacteria in the soil (for example, white-rot fungi, brown-rot fungi, soft-rot fungi, etc.) and returned to the soil.
Further, for example, the following water-absorbent thickener on which microorganisms are implanted may be used. For example, a spherical polyvinyl alcohol gel carrier (manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd., Kuraray (registered trademark)) on which microorganisms are implanted can be used.

The amount of the water-absorbent carrier used can be appropriately adjusted according to the type and shape thereof, and may be at least an amount capable of absorbing urine. It is preferably an amount that can be attached. When a thickener, which will be described later, is used, the amount may be such that urine can be absorbed together with the thickener and the water-absorbent carrier can adhere to the entire surface of feces. For example, since the amount of urine per adult is 200 to 300 mL, an amount that absorbs 300 mL or more, for example, 300 to 1000 mL, preferably 400 to 800 mL of water can be used. If the amount of the water-absorbent carrier is small, it may not be possible to absorb the water content of human waste or the dry water-absorbent carrier may not adhere to the entire outer surface of the feces. Further, if the amount of the water-absorbent carrier is large, there arises a problem that a large storage space is required.

For example, when sawdust having a water absorption of about 3 g per 1 g is used as the water-absorbent carrier, it is, for example, 100 g or more, for example, 150 g to 500 g, for example, 200 g to 300 g.
When a thickener described later is used, for example, 50 g or more, for example, 100 g to 200 g can be used.

When the disaster urine treatment kit of the present invention is used, urine is absorbed by the water-absorbent carrier, and feces enter the water-absorbent carrier by its own weight or enter the water-absorbent carrier when the bag is taken out. It is possible to suppress bad odors during and immediately after use. In addition, by closing the mouth of the bag and gently shaking the whole to mix, the stool becomes finer and is covered with a water-absorbent carrier, so that the generation of foul odor can be suppressed and the time required for decomposition of the stool can be shortened. ..
In addition, the ammonia odor, which is the cause of the malodor generated from human waste, is generated by the decomposition of urea in urine by uriase produced by the propagation of anaerobic bacteria contained in feces. When the disaster urine treatment kit of the present invention is used, urine is absorbed by a water-absorbent carrier, and since the surface of the stool has a water-absorbent carrier instead of urine, aerobic conditions are maintained around the stool. And the growth of anaerobic bacteria is suppressed. Therefore, the production of uriase is suppressed, and the production of ammonia is low. Since anaerobic bacteria do not exist in urine and urea, which is a source of ammonia, hardly exists in feces, when the disaster urine treatment kit of the present invention is used, it causes a foul odor from human waste. It produces almost no ammonia and can be stored with no odor or very low odor.
In particular, when a wood-based carrier such as shavings is used, ammonia binds to acidic functional groups (phenolic hydroxy groups such as lignin, tannin, and phenolic acid, carboxyl groups of pectin, etc.) present in the shavings and ammonium. It can make salt and prevent ammonia from volatilizing. That is, it is possible to prevent the inside of the bag from being filled with the malodorous gas and the malodor from leaking from the bag.
Furthermore, phenolic hydroxy groups and carboxyl groups are present in humic acid produced by decomposition of organic matter in feces by aerobic bacteria. Therefore, even if a small amount of ammonia is generated, the acid in the humic acid reacts with ammonia to form an ammonium salt, which prevents the generation of a foul odor (ammonia odor) from the disaster urine treatment kit buried in the soil. can do.

There are no particular restrictions on the type of wood used as waste, and conifers such as fir, hemlock, shirabe, pine, sugi, and cypress, as well as broad-leaved trees such as hippopotamus, hemlock, mud, cherry, zelkova, beech, acacia, eucalyptus, and mangrove can be used. It can be used, and different types of wood shavings can be mixed and used. In particular, softwoods contain a large amount of phytoncides such as terpenoids and flavonoids as compared with hardwoods, and have appropriate bactericidal activity and fragrance (deodorant effect), so that it is possible to suppress the generation of foul odors.
Of the fine-grained wood chips generated when processing wood, those with a diameter (major axis) of several mm or less are called sawdust, those with a diameter of about 5 mm are called chip dust, and those with a diameter of about 10 mm are called planar waste. In, these are collectively defined as sawdust. In the present invention, it is preferable to use sawdust having a diameter (major axis) of several mm or less, which has a high water absorption and water retention rate and a high porosity for keeping the inside of the bag in an aerobic state. Sawdust is a mixture of various major diameter sawdust and can be used without having the same size by a sieve or the like. By using a mixture of sawdust of different sizes, a gap is created between the sawdust, so it is easier to maintain an aerobic atmosphere.

Further, an inorganic powder may be contained as a water-absorbent carrier. By containing the inorganic powder, it is possible to absorb the water in the excrement, which acts to maintain more aerobic fermentation. For example, examples of the inorganic powder include mineral powders that do not adversely affect the environment even when buried in soil, such as silica, talc, titanium oxide, kaolin, diatomaceous earth, and zeolite. These may be a combination of a plurality of types.

The absorbent carrier of the present invention can be stored in a biodegradable bag, but the bag and the water-absorbent carrier are used to prevent the bag from tearing during storage. It is preferable to store the product separately and put it in the bag before use.
The water-absorbent carrier of the present invention may be in the form of a plurality of batches, but is preferably used in the form of individual packaging for each batch. As the packaging material, in addition to ordinary film or paper, water-soluble film or water-soluble paper can be used. When using a water-absorbent carrier wrapped in a water-soluble film or water-soluble paper, it is simple and does not generate unnecessary waste because it is only necessary to put the packaging material into the bag body, and the water-absorbent carrier is used in the bag body. It is possible to prevent the carrier from flying up or spilling when it is put in. When used, the water-soluble film or paper is easily disintegrated by the water in the human waste, the human waste is absorbed by the water-absorbent carrier, and the water-absorbent carrier can adhere to the surface of the feces.

[Powder]
The disaster urine treatment kit of the present invention comprises a powder containing at least one selected from the group consisting of calcium hydroxide and dolomite hydroxide in a biodegradable bag. Since the powder may promote hydrolysis of the bag body during storage, it is preferable to store the bag body and the powder separately and put them into the bag body before use.
The powder containing at least one selected from the group consisting of calcium hydroxide and dolomite hydroxide can contain calcium oxide, calcium carbonate and dolomite as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired. A powder containing calcium hydroxide is preferable from the viewpoint of solubility in water and basicity (alkaline) of the aqueous solution.
The ratio of each component in the powder is not particularly limited, but for example, the content of calcium hydroxide and dolomite hydroxide in the powder is, for example, 90% by mass or more with respect to the total mass of the powder.

As a method for preparing the powder, a known method can be used, for example, a method for preparing a mixture of calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, (light-baked) dolomite, dolomite hydroxide, and one or more of calcium carbonate, calcium carbonate or calcium carbonate. A method of preparing calcium oxide obtained by calcining the inclusion, (light roasting) dolomite, or a mixture thereof by hydrotreating can be used. The calcium carbonate may be industrially produced or derived from a natural product.
For example, calcium hydroxide or dromite-containing powder obtained by hydrotreating calcium oxide-containing powder prepared by firing calcium carbonate-containing limestone, dromite, shells or eggshell can be used.
As the shell, natural or cultured shells can be used, and for example, shells of shellfish such as scallops, abalone, turban shells, surf clams, and seashells, coral shells, and the like can be used. Preferably, a scallop shell having antibacterial and sterilizing properties and having high safety that can be used as a food additive or the like can be used.

The firing is carried out at a temperature of, for example, 600 ° C. or higher, for example, 800 ° C. to 1500 ° C., for example, 850 ° C. to 1200 ° C. For example, limestone, dolomite, shells or eggshells used as materials are crushed into powders or granules, and then calcined to remove unnecessary organic substances by thermal decomposition. In the firing, the content of calcium oxide in the fired product can be easily improved by performing a plurality of firing in two or more stages such as firing and re-baking. Then, after the firing is completed, water is added to the obtained calcium oxide-containing powder and hydrated to produce a powder containing 90% by mass or more of calcium hydroxide, dromite hydroxide or a mixture thereof. Can be done.

The firing can be performed in the air, in an atmosphere of an inert gas such as nitrogen, or an atmosphere of an oxidizing gas such as carbon dioxide gas. It is preferable to use an oxidizing gas such as carbon dioxide, which is more likely to oxidize components such as limestone, (light-baked) dolomite, and calcium carbonate in shells or eggshells. The firing time is appropriately set depending on the firing temperature and the like, but is, for example, 10 minutes to 120 minutes, for example, 15 minutes to 90 minutes from the time when the atmospheric temperature reaches a predetermined firing temperature.
Further, in the process of firing or hydration, further pulverization is performed as necessary, and finally, the average particle size is in the range of 0.1 μm to 500 μm, for example 0.5 to 100 μm, for example 0.5 to 0.5. Fine powder in the range of 40 μm, for example 0.5 to 10 μm. As described above, by making the particle size of the fine particles finer, it becomes easier to react with the moisture in the urine or the moisture in the soil, and it becomes possible to promote the decomposition of the biodegradable bag body.

As the powder containing one selected from the group consisting of calcium hydroxide and dolomite hydroxide, one or more powders having different contents of each component can be used in combination. When two or more kinds of powders are used, it is preferable that at least one kind of powder contains 90% by mass or more of calcium hydroxide, dolomite hydroxide or a mixture thereof.

The powder containing at least one selected from the group consisting of calcium hydroxide and dromite hydroxide provided in the bag of the present invention is the type of biodegradable polymer used in the bag and the disaster after use. It can be appropriately adjusted according to the storage period until the biodegradable urine treatment kit is buried in the soil and the shape collapse period of the bag body of the disaster urine treatment kit buried in the soil. As for the blending amount of the powder, for example, 0.01 to 20 parts by mass, for example 0.05 to 15 parts by mass, for example 0.1 to 10 parts by mass, for example 0. It is 5 parts by mass to 5 parts by mass.
By using the powder within this range, the shape collapse period of the bag body of the disaster urine treatment kit buried in the soil can be promoted. In order to accelerate the shape disintegration period of the bag body, the amount of powder compounded may be increased, and in order to delay the shape disintegration period of the bag body, the amount of powder compounded may be decreased. That is, in the disaster urine treatment kit of the present invention, the shape collapse period of the biodegradable bag body buried in the soil can be controlled by adjusting the blending amount of the powder. However, if more than 20 parts by mass of powder is mixed with 100 parts by mass of the water-absorbent carrier, the urine treatment kit for disasters after use will be stored in the soil for a long period of 6 months or more in a high temperature and high humidity atmosphere. Pore or cracks may occur before filling.

Further, even when the polymer compound contained in the biodegradable bag of the present invention contains a compound that produces an acid by hydrolysis or biodegradation, it is neutralized by calcium hydroxide or dromite contained in the powder. It can be harmonized and the acidification of the soil due to the decomposition of the sac can be suppressed. In addition, the soil of rice fields or fields where agricultural products are grown is gradually acidified, but by filling the disaster urine treatment kit after use of the present invention, calcium hydroxide or dromite contained in the powder can be used to make the soil more acidic. Neutralization can be achieved. Further, even soil oxidized by acid rain or the like can be neutralized by filling the urine treatment kit for disaster after use of the present invention.

[Thickener]
In addition, the disaster urine treatment kit of the present invention may have a thickener that absorbs water into a bag to form a gel or sol within a range that does not impair the effects of the present invention. By using a thickener, the water that was not retained in the water-absorbent carrier or the water discharged from the water-absorbent carrier can be quickly absorbed and thickened, so that the inside of the bag is anaerobic. Can be suppressed. In addition, the thickener causes the water in the bag to thicken or gel, and the contents in the bag coagulate to form a lump, so even if a used disaster urine treatment kit is loaded, the load will collapse. It is stable and easier to transport and store. Further, even if the bag body has slight pores or cracks during transportation, the contents can be transported without spilling.
The thickener may be any thickener that does not adversely affect the environment even when buried in soil, and a thickener having biodegradability is particularly preferable. Biodegradable thickeners include, for example, carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium polycarboxylate, polyvinyl alcohol, gelatin, pectin, carrageenan, xanthan gum, guar gum, curdran, tamarind gum, locust bean gum, and salts thereof. Thickeners selected from the group consisting of are included, with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, polycarboxylic acid, alginic acid and salts thereof being particularly preferred.

The thickener may be used alone or in combination of two or more. The amount of the thickener to be used can be appropriately adjusted depending on the type and shape of the thickener, but is, for example, 20 parts by mass or less, for example 0.1 to 15 parts by mass, for example, with respect to 100 parts by mass of the water-absorbent carrier. 1 to 10 parts by mass.

The thickener may be stored in the bag of the disaster urine treatment kit together with the water-absorbent carrier and the powder containing calcium hydroxide or dromite hydroxide and added in small portions, but the water-absorbent carrier and calcium hydroxide or water may be added. A water-soluble film or a package wrapped with water-soluble paper can be used together with the oxide-dromite-containing powder.

[water]
Further, the disaster urine treatment kit of the present invention may have water to be put into the bag body as long as the effect of the present invention is not impaired. When burying in soil for a short storage period after use or without storage, it is preferable to add water to the post-use disaster urine treatment kit. By adding water to the post-use disaster urine treatment kit and then burying it in the soil, the humidity inside the bag increases, so the soil environment becomes closer to the compost environment and the decomposition of the bag is further promoted.
The water is not particularly limited, but sterilized water, purified water, rainwater, tap water, tap water boiled and cooled, etc. can be used. For example, if water such as sterilized water or purified water put in a biodegradable plastic container or the like is prepared, the whole container can be buried in the soil after use. It is also possible to prepare rainwater or tap water immediately before using the disaster urine treatment kit.

[how to use]
In the disaster urine treatment kit of the present invention, the opening of the bag body is opened, the bag body is expanded so as to allow air to enter, the bag body is installed in the container, and the water-absorbent carrier, hydroxylation, is contained in the bag body. Add calcium or hydroxylated dolomite-containing powder and, if necessary, thickener, add bag, keep the bag tightly closed, and bury the bag in the soil to compost or It can be incinerated as household waste. If the storage period is short, water may be added to the bag after use. In addition, by gently shaking the whole body of the sealed bag to mix it, the feces are wrapped in dry sawdust, so that the generation of foul odor during storage can be suppressed more reliably.
An example of how to use the disaster urine treatment kit of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
When the bag body is installed in the Western-style toilet bowl 1, the bottom of the bag body 3 is inserted into the Western-style toilet bowl, the side surface of the bag body 3 is fitted to the inner surface of the Western-style toilet bowl 1, and the peripheral edge of the opening of the bag body 3 is the bag body 3. Spread to the outside of the toilet bowl 1 and cover the upper edge of the Western-style toilet bowl 1 (see FIG. 1 (a)). Further, the disaster urine treatment kit of the present invention may be used by installing a bag body in a container such as a Japanese style toilet bowl, a cardboard box, a poly bucket, or a hole provided in the ground or the like.

A mixture 4 of a water-absorbent carrier 5, a powder 6 containing calcium hydroxide or dromite hydroxide, and a thickener 7 if necessary is put into the installed bag body 3, and the peripheral edge of the opening of the bag body 3 is Western-style. A disaster urine treatment kit is installed in the Western-style toilet bowl 1 by sandwiching it between the upper surface of the toilet bowl 1 and the lower surface of the toilet seat 2 of the Western-style toilet bowl (see FIG. 1 (b)). The water-absorbent carrier 5, the powder 6, and the thickener 7 may be added respectively, or may be added as a mixture 4. Further, a package in which the water-absorbent carrier 5, the powder 6 and the thickener 7 are wrapped in a water-soluble film or water-soluble paper can be directly added.

Add the bag to the bag 3 of the installed disaster urine treatment kit (see FIG. 1 (c)). Since the water content of human waste is absorbed by the water-absorbing carrier 5 and the thickener 7, it does not leak from the bag body 3. Further, since the stool enters the water-absorbent carrier 5 and the surface of the stool is wrapped with the water-absorbent carrier 5, the odor can be suppressed. In addition, since feces are stored under aerobic conditions, the growth of uriase can be suppressed and the generation of ammonia, which causes a foul odor, can be suppressed.
Further, since the used toilet paper or water-soluble tissue is also a biodegradable substance, it can be discarded in the bag body 3 and buried in the soil. Toilet paper or water-soluble tissue can also be included in the disaster urine treatment kit.

In addition, water can be added to the bag body 3 after the bag body 3 is used. For example, after using toilet paper or water-soluble tissue, a water-absorbent carrier adheres to the surroundings by moistening it with water, so that it is possible to prevent the generation of foul odor from the wiped urine. Further, since the water-absorbent carrier 5 retains water, the powder 6 containing at least one selected from the group consisting of calcium hydroxide and dolomite hydroxide is easily dissolved, and the bag body 3 is hydrolyzed. Can be promoted more. Further, by adding water to the human waste treatment kit for disaster after use and then burying it in the soil, the soil environment becomes closer to the compost environment, and the decomposition of the bag body 3 is further promoted.
The amount of water to be added can be adjusted according to the amount of urine, but for 100 parts by mass of the water-absorbent carrier, for example, 200 parts by mass or less, for example, 10 to 100 parts by mass, for example, 20 parts by mass to 80 parts by mass. For example, 40 parts by mass to 60 parts by mass. If 200 parts by mass or more of water is added, water that cannot be absorbed by the water-absorbent carrier 5 accumulates in the bag body 3, and the bag body may be torn during storage or transportation and sewage may leak.

After use, take out the bag body 3 in the Western style toilet bowl 1 or from the Western style toilet bowl 1, twist the opening of the bag body 3 as it is or twist it several times, and then tie it, and close and seal the opening of the bag body 3 (Fig. 1 (d), see FIG. 2 (a)). In the case of the bag body 3 with the fastener 8, it can be sealed only by closing the fastener 8 (see FIG. 2B).
After closing the opening of the bag 3 and sealing it, it is preferable to shake the whole bag gently to mix. As a result, the water-absorbent carrier can be reliably attached to the entire surface of the stool, and the generation of foul odor can be more reliably prevented. Further, by shaking lightly, the stool becomes shards, so that the time required for decomposition of the stool can be shortened.

In the disaster urine treatment kit of the present invention, a water-absorbent carrier, calcium hydroxide or dromite-containing powder, and a thickener are added to the bag body before the addition. The reflected sound from the water-absorbent carrier at the time is smaller than the reflected sound from the bag body, and the user feels less embarrassed than the conventional excrement treatment bag. Further, unlike the conventional excrement treatment bag, it is not necessary to look into the bag body and add a deodorant coagulant or the like after adding the bag, and the bag can be used extremely comfortably and hygienically.

In addition, it is preferable to store the sealed disaster urine treatment kit after use in a well-ventilated place, for example, indoors or outdoors where rain and dew can be removed. If left in a high temperature and high humidity environment for 6 months or more, calcium hydroxide or dolomite hydroxide-containing powder may dissolve and act as a basic catalyst, causing pores or cracks in the bag body and leaking the contents. .. Therefore, it is preferable that the used disaster urine treatment kit is buried in the soil or burned as household waste within, for example, within 3 months, for example, within 2 months, preferably within 1 month, and more preferably within 1 week.

In the disaster urine treatment kit buried in the soil, the organic substances in the feces are decomposed and fermented by the microorganisms (bacilli such as Bacillus subtilis, actinomycetes and filamentous fungi) implanted on the carrier, and the temperature of the soil. As the amount increases, decomposition and fermentation proceed further. When the biodegradable sac begins to collapse, decomposition and fermentation by microorganisms in the soil also occur, so that the stool in the soil and sawdust decomposes and ferments more organic substances than the stool in the sawdust. proceed. Therefore, the feces in the bag of the human waste treatment kit for disasters are at least partially, preferably complete, within 6 months, for example, 3 months, for example, 2 months, for example, 1 month after being buried in the soil. Can be disassembled into.

In addition, the bag body of the disaster urine treatment kit buried in the soil begins to be decomposed by hydrolysis, and the decomposition proceeds further by the action of the base generated by calcium hydroxide or dromite hydroxide, and further the microorganisms in the soil. Decomposes into water and carbon dioxide. In addition, when the temperature of the soil rises due to the decomposition of organic matter, the action of the basic catalyst is improved and the collapse of the biodegradable bag is accelerated. Therefore, the bag body depends on the type of biodegradable polymer compound used and the thickness of the bag body, but after being buried in the soil, for example, within 1 year, for example, within 6 months, for example, within 3 months. , At least a part, for example, more than half, preferably all.

In addition, the water-absorbent carrier and thickener buried in the soil are decayed and decomposed by microorganisms in the soil (for example, white-rot fungus, brown-rot fungus, soft-rot fungus) by being buried in the soil. It is returned to the soil. For example, when sawdust is used as a water-absorbent carrier, at least a part, for example, half or more, preferably all of it can be decomposed within, for example, within 3 years, for example, within 2 years, for example, within 1 year.

Further, when the used disaster urine treatment kit is buried in the soil, the temperature of the soil reaches 50 ° C. or higher, for example, about 60 ° C. due to the heat of fermentation and the heat retaining effect of the soil, and the temperature can be maintained for a certain period of time. As a result, Escherichia coli in defecation is killed and it is unlikely to cause infection.
Then, the organic matter in human waste is decomposed by the carrier and the microorganisms in the soil, and nutrient salts such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and fuminic substances remain in the soil. And can be used as a soil conditioner.

The present invention is not limited to emergency toilets, but can be suitably used in portable toilets such as nursing toilets, toilet training toilets (potty pots), temporary toilets, pet toilets, and related fields of urine treatment. In addition, it can be used to store organic matter other than human waste, such as household kitchen waste and vomit, and bury it in the soil for composting.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following experimental examples. The scope of the present invention is not limited to the contents of the following experimental examples.

[Water absorption test of carrier with water absorption]
5 g of commercially available hinoki cypress waste (manufactured by Shimadakowari Sawmill Co., Ltd.) is placed in a nylon mesh bag, placed in a paper cup containing 100 mL of water, and immersed at room temperature (about 23 ° C) for 72 hours. I let you. Next, the sawdust taken out of the water was placed on a net in a closed container having a high humidity of 70% or more and drained, and the wet mass of the sawdust after draining was measured.
Next, the sawdust was dried at 60 ° C. for 24 hours and then at 80 ° C. for 4 hours using a constant temperature dryer (ETTAS EO-300V manufactured by AS ONE Co., Ltd.), and the mass of the sawdust at the time of drying was measured.
From the following formulas, the water content of commercially available sawdust, the water absorption rate of commercially available sawdust A, and the water absorption rate of dried sawdust B were determined.
Moisture content (%) = [(5-mass during drying) / mass during drying] x 100
Water absorption rate A (%) = [(mass when wet-5) / 5] x 100
Water absorption rate B (%) = [(mass when wet-mass when dry) / mass when dry] x 100

Commercially available hinoki sawdust, hiba sawdust, sugi sawdust, cherry sawdust, mixed sawdust (fine grain), mixed sawdust (coarse grain) (all manufactured by Shimada Kowari Sawdust Co., Ltd.), and rice husks The water content, water absorption rate A, and water absorption rate B of various sawdust and rice husks were determined in the same manner as the sawdust of hinoki, except that the sawdust was replaced with.
Table 1 shows the mass (net mass), wet mass, dry mass, water absorption (wet mass-dry mass), water content, water absorption rate A and water absorption rate B of each of the scraps and rice husks.

From Table 1, it was shown that the commercially available sawdust and rice husks had a sufficient water absorption rate. Further, it was shown that single-type sawdust and mixed sawdust (fine granules) can be used as an excellent water-absorbing carrier because they show a water absorption rate of 200% or more with respect to the net amount.

[Hydrolytic test of bag body]
Cut a composting garbage bag (manufactured by Chukoh Chemical Industries, Ltd., width 450 mm, length 600 mm, thickness about 30 μm, milky white) using BioPBS (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, plant-derived polybutylene succinate) as the main material. Then, a test piece A having a size of about 80 mm × 30 mm (about 0.1 g) was prepared. For comparison, a composting garbage bag (Trash Bags Biodegradable, 4-6 Gallon Trash bags, obtained from INWAYSIN) using a biodegradable resin PSM material derived from corn starch as the main material, made of PSM (plaster material), thickness. A test piece B having a size of about 90 mm × 70 mm (about 0.1 g) (about 12 μm, yellowish green) was prepared.
Put each of the test pieces A and B into a 50 mL wide-mouthed glass bottle with an inner stopper containing 30 mL of lime water (saturated calcium hydroxide aqueous solution) or water (water that has been boiled and cooled to room temperature), and close the inner stopper and lid. Then, it was allowed to stand in a constant temperature bath at 40 ° C. The pH of the aqueous solution was measured at 0 days (before loading the test piece), 13 days, 20 days, 50 days, 64 days, and 102 days. Table 2 shows the number of days elapsed and the pH of the aqueous solution.
In addition, it was observed that the color of the film of the test piece A stored in lime water became more transparent milky white than the milky white before storage after 50 days, the thickness of the film became thinner, and a part of the film collapsed from the surface. However, no change in appearance was observed in the test piece A put into water, the lime water or the test piece B put into water.
It is probable that the change in the appearance of the test piece A stored in the lime water was due to the progress of hydrolysis of the film and the reduction in the thickness of the film.

From Table 2, it can be understood that the pH of the lime water containing the test piece A is lowered (neutralized). From this as well, in the presence of a base (calcium hydroxide), polybutylene succinate constituting the test piece is hydrolyzed to produce succinic acid, and the neutralization reaction between this succinic acid and calcium hydroxide in lime water. It is probable that the pH of the lime water decreased due to the occurrence of.

[Soil burial test]
[Example 1]
Installed a composting garbage bag (obtained from Chuko Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd., mouth width 45 cm, depth 60 cm, thickness about 30 μm) for food waste made from BioPBS (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Co., Ltd.) in a Western-style toilet bowl. In the bag, 200 g of mixed paper waste (obtained from Shimada Kowari Sawmill Co., Ltd.), 10 g of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na, obtained from Happo Foods Co., Ltd.) and calcium hydroxide powder (Ca (OH)). ) _2. Obtained from Kurimoto Yakuhin Kogyo Co., Ltd.) Add 2 g of the mixture, then add the manure for one adult man and the used toilet paper that has been wiped off, and then add 100 g of water around the toilet paper to make a bag. The opening of the bag was closed with a tie and the bag was lightly shaken so that the feces and toilet paper could not be seen from the outside, and a used urine treatment kit 10 was prepared.
Outdoors without a roof, a hole 12 having a width of 120 cm, a length of 50 cm, and a depth of about 40 cm is provided on the ground 11 (see FIG. 3A), and the hole has no lid and has sufficient ventilation holes on the side and bottom surfaces. A polypropylene basket 13 is installed (see FIG. 3B), covered with soil so that the bottom surface of the basket 13 is hidden, a used urine treatment kit 10 is placed on the basket 13, and the soil is further covered from above. The excrement treatment kit 10 was buried (see FIG. 3 (c)).
After 100 days, when the used urine treatment kit 10 was dug out from the soil and the soil around the used urine treatment kit 10 was removed, the film of the bag body collapsed due to holes and cracks. It was confirmed that the film piece of the broken bag and sawdust were found. Further, the mechanical strength (breaking strength and breaking elongation) of the bag-body film was remarkably lowered to the extent that the film was torn by simply pinching and lifting the bag-body film with a finger. Then, the sawdust was spread, but feces and toilet paper could not be confirmed in the sawdust. In addition, no offensive odor such as ammonia odor was felt during the work.

[Reference example 1]
In the bag of composting garbage bag (obtained from Chukoh Chemical Industries, Ltd.), 200 g of mixed sack (obtained from Shimadakowari Sawmill Co., Ltd.), 10 g of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (obtained from Happo Foods Co., Ltd.) And calcium hydroxide powder (obtained from Kurimoto Yakuhin Kogyo Co., Ltd.) 2 g of a mixture was added, and then spread out assuming use. ) Three sets were put in, 100 g of water was further put in, the opening of the bag was closed with a tie and shaken lightly to prepare a urine treatment kit A.
Similar to Example 1, a soil burial test of the urine treatment kit was performed.
After 100 days, when the bag containing the bag body was dug out from the soil and the soil around the bag body was removed, the shape of the bag body remained, but holes and cracks were found in the film of the bag body. It was observed that the bag was spilling out of the bag. Also, if you pinch the film of the bag with your finger and pull it, the film will not stretch as much as the original film, and it will be torn with a weak force, so the film of the bag will become weaker and there is a sign that the shape of the bag will collapse. It was seen. Then, when the sawdust was spread out, white fragments of pocket tissue paper were found in the sawdust, but the fibers of the tissue paper collapsed apart by hand.

From the results of Example 1, it was shown that the disaster urine treatment kit of the present invention can gradually compost urine without producing the odor of human waste and ammonia.
Further, from the results of Example 1 and Reference Example 1, the human waste treatment kit for disasters of the present invention is made into a bag and the polymer compound constituting the film of the bag is decomposed in a short period of time. It can be understood that the progress of composting of the human waste treatment kit for disasters of the present invention is promoted.

As described above, as shown in the results of Examples, a biodegradable bag containing a water-absorbent carrier on which microorganisms capable of decomposing organic substances in human waste are implanted and a powder containing calcium hydroxide. By using, it is possible to suppress the generation of offensive odors, and by burying it in the soil, it is possible to obtain a human waste treatment kit for disasters that can be completely decomposed and composted.

1. 1. Western style toilet 2. Toilet seat 3. Bag body 4. 5. A mixture of water-absorbent carrier, calcium hydroxide or dolomite-containing powder and, if necessary, thickener. Sawdust 6. Calcium hydroxide or dolomite-containing powder 7. Thickener 8. Fastener

Claims (7)

It is a disaster urine treatment kit that puts human waste after excretion.
A biodegradable bag made of a resin composition containing a biodegradable polymer compound, and a water-absorbent carrier in which a microorganism capable of decomposing organic substances in urine is implanted in the bag. A disaster urine treatment kit comprising a powder containing at least one selected from the group consisting of calcium hydroxide and dolomite hydroxide. The disaster urine treatment kit according to claim 1, wherein the biodegradable polymer compound is a compostable biodegradable polymer compound. The disaster urine treatment kit according to claim 2, wherein the compostable biodegradable polymer compound is polybutylene succinate (PBS). The disaster urine treatment kit according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the powder is a powder containing 90% by mass or more of calcium hydroxide, dromite hydroxide, or a mixture thereof. Claims 1 to 4, wherein the water-absorbent carrier is one or more carriers selected from the group consisting of rice bran, rice bran, rice straw, straw, bark, deciduous leaves, bagasse, corn cob and peat. The disaster urine treatment kit described in any one of the items. Further, a group consisting of carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium polycarboxylate, polyvinyl alcohol, gelatin, pectin, carrageenan, xanthan gum, guar gum, curdran, tamarind gum, and locust bean gum in the biodegradable bag. The disaster urine treatment kit according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising at least one biodegradable thickener selected from. The disaster urine treatment kit according to any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising water to be put into the biodegradable bag.

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