JP6923449B2 - 腎疾患の検出方法 - Google Patents
腎疾患の検出方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6923449B2 JP6923449B2 JP2017556244A JP2017556244A JP6923449B2 JP 6923449 B2 JP6923449 B2 JP 6923449B2 JP 2017556244 A JP2017556244 A JP 2017556244A JP 2017556244 A JP2017556244 A JP 2017556244A JP 6923449 B2 JP6923449 B2 JP 6923449B2
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- C07D207/448—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having two doubly-bound oxygen atoms directly attached in positions 2 and 5 with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms directly attached to other ring carbon atoms, e.g. maleimide
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- C07C229/12—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated having only one amino and one carboxyl group bound to the carbon skeleton the nitrogen atom of the amino group being further bound to acyclic carbon atoms or to carbon atoms of rings other than six-membered aromatic rings to carbon atoms of acyclic carbon skeletons
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Description
本出願は、2015年4月30日に出願した米国仮特許出願第62/155,158号の利益を主張するものであり、その全体が参照によって本明細書に組み込まれている。
液体クロマトグラフィー質量分析(LC−MS)アッセイは、BAIB血清レベルを測定するために最適化された。
1.50μLの試験サンプルまたは参照標準を、バイアルに移した。
2.50μLの内部標準溶液を、バイアルに添加し、溶液を、完全に混合した。
3.300μLの純粋なアセトニトリルを、バイアルに添加し、溶液を、完全に混合した。
4.バイアルを、20分間、3000xgで遠心分離し、上澄みを、デカント、濾過し(0.2μm)、下記の条件下でLC−MSにかけた。
移動相A:水、0.1%ギ酸、0.5mMペルフルオロヘプタン酸(Sigma 342041−5G)
移動相B:アセトニトリル、0.1%ギ酸
カラム:Acquity CSH C18 1.7μm、2.1×30mm(Waters 186005295)
スキャンタイプ:MRM
スキャンモード:正極性
イオン源:ターボスプレー
正常なネコ対象におけるBAIB参照レベルを、両方の性で様々な種の58匹のネコにおいて決定した。血清サンプルを集め、上記の通りLC−MSにかけ、個別の試験サンプルを標準(上記で測定)と比較してBAIBレベルを決定した。この集団における95パーセンタイル値に基づく参照上限は、2.0μg/dLであった。
BAIBの血清レベルは、腎結石に罹患しているネコ対象において、様々な時間で決定される。上昇した血清中BAIB濃度は、表3に示される通り、腎結石を示した。
4匹のネコ患者および1匹のイヌ患者は、腎疾患の結果として死亡した。患者の死後、剖検により、糸球体腎炎の診断となった。SDMA、BAIBおよびCREは、患者の死亡の前に集めた貯蔵したサンプルにおいて、遡及的に(上記した通り)測定された。BAIBは、表4で示される通り、これらの患者で上昇した。
正常なイヌ対象におけるBAIB参照レベルは、両方の性で様々な種の136匹のイヌにおいて決定した。血清サンプルを集め、上記の通りLC−MSで分析した。この集団における95パーセンタイル値に基づく参照上限は、1.24μg/dLであった。
BAIBおよびSDMAを、診療所にいる、様々ながんを有する7匹のイヌおよび6匹のネコの患者の血清で測定した。
BAIBとG6PDHとのコンジュゲートを、NADおよびG6Pの存在下で、BAIB類似体SDMA−SHをSIA活性化G6PDHとコンジュゲートすることで調製した。
グルタルアルデヒド−BAIBコンジュゲートを、20mMのPBSおよび0.15MのNaCl(5mL、総計10mg)中の2mg/mLのBAIBと、25μL(6.25mg)の追加のグルタルアルデヒド(水中で25%)とで調製した。室温で1時間反応後、NaBH4(4eqのBAIB、0.776mmol、48mg)を添加し、反応混合物を4℃で18時間攪拌した。
ポリリジン−BAIBコンジュゲートを、以下の反応スキームに従って、水中の0.1mg/mLの濃度に調製した。
5%固体における0.4mLの粒子を、2.8mLの50mMリン酸緩衝液中の、5mg/mL濃度の0.8mLのBAIBと混合し、4℃で2日間回転させて混合した。
例示的な免疫原であるBAIB(アミン末端)−BSAコンジュゲートを、下記の手順に従って調製した。
1.22mg(0.216mmol)のBAIB(Sigma−Aldrichカタログ番号217794)を、PBS(4mL)に溶解した。
2.50mg(0.216mmol)のSATA(N−スクシンイミジルS−アセチルチオ酢酸 − Thermoカタログ番号PD199377)を、DMSO(0.4mL)に溶解し、BAIB溶液に添加した。
3.反応は、20℃で30分間、反転させた。
4.反応を、次いで、脱アセチル化溶液(PBS中の0.9mL、0.5Mのヒドロキシルアミン、25mMのEDTA、pH7.3)で処理した。
5.反応は、4℃で4時間、反転させ、BAIB−SH(アミノ末端)を得た。
1.1mLの反応溶液を、1つのバイアルのマレイミド活性化BSA(5mg)(Sigma−Aldrichカタログ番号054M4801V)に添加し、反応は、2℃で18時間、反転させた。
3.コンジュゲートを10MWカットオフ、3mL透析カセット内に設置し、4℃で48時間、PBS(4L)に対して透析した。
4.カップリング効率を、当業者には公知の方法に従って、上記ステップ6から過剰なチオール溶液を使用して、エルマン試験によって決定した:10μLのサンプル+20μLのエルマン試薬+70μLのDTNB緩衝液を、次いで、412nmで読み取った。
例示的な免疫原であるBAIB(カルボキシ末端)−BSAコンジュゲートを、以下の手順に従って調製した。
BAIB−SH樹脂を、以下の一般的な反応スキームに従って、および下記のように調製した。
1.150mg(0.28mmol)のBAIB(Sigma−Aldrichカタログ番号217794)、400mg(0.31mmol)のFmoc−Cl(Fluka BCBH6153V)、0.41mL(0.47mmol)のDIPEA(Sigma−Aldrichカタログ番号77996JJ)、および18mLのDMF(Sigma−Aldrichカタログ番号23185)を含む混合物を、20℃で3時間、反転させた。
2.以下を、上記の混合物に添加した:1.2g(0.093mmol)の4−メトキシ−トリチル樹脂(Novabiochem S6013887 348)および530mg(0.28mmol)のHATU(Novabiochem S8446513 309)。得られた溶液を、20℃でさらに18時間、反転させた。
3.DMF中の20%ピペリジンを、次いで、添加し、15分間反転させた(3×18mL)。
3.インキュベーション後、樹脂を、DMF(4×18mL)、次いで、MeOH(4×18mL)で洗浄し、乾燥して0.95gのBAIB−SH樹脂を得た。
1.200mgのBAIB−SH樹脂を、4mLのTFA(Sigma−Aldrichカタログ番号91707)に添加した。
2.BAIB−TFA混合物を、20℃で1時間、反転させた。
3.反応物を、乾燥して、20mgのBAIB−チオール類似体を得た。
4.ステップ3からのチオールを、PBS(4mL)に溶解した。
6.チオール溶液を、4つのバイアルのマレイミド活性化BSA(20mg)(Sigma−Aldrichカタログ番号054M4801V)に添加し、反応は、4℃で18時間、反転させた。過剰な溶液を、エルマン試験のために保存した:10μLのサンプル+20μLのエルマン試薬+70μLのDTNB緩衝液を、次いで、412nmで読み取った。
7.コンジュゲートを10MWカットオフ、3mL透析カセット内に設置し、4℃で48時間、PBS(4L)に対して透析した。
8.カップリング効率を、当業者には公知の方法に従って、上記ステップ5から過剰なチオール溶液を使用して、エルマン試験によって決定した:10μLのサンプル+20μLのエルマン試薬+70μLのDTNB緩衝液を、次いで、412nmで読み取った。
例示的な免疫原であるBAIB(カルボキシ末端)−KLHコンジュゲートを、以下の手順に従って調製した:
1.100mgのBAIB−SH樹脂(上記、実施例11を参照されたい)を、2mLのTFA(Sigma−Aldrichカタログ番号SHBD1537V)に添加した。
2.BAIB−TFA混合物を、20℃で1時間、反転させ、樹脂を、濾別し、0.5mLのアセトニトリルで洗浄した。
3.反応を、乾燥して、15mgのBAIB−SHを、澄んだ油として得た。
4.ステップ3からの油を、PBS(3mL)に溶解して、BAIBチオール溶液を形成した。
5.2mLのチオール溶液を、10mgのマレイミド活性化KLH(Sigma−Aldrichカタログ番号072M4796)に添加し、反応は、4℃で18時間、反転させた。
6.コンジュゲートを10MWカットオフ、3mL透析カセット内に設置し、4℃で48時間、PBS(4L)に対して透析した。
7.カップリング効率を、当業者には公知の方法に従って、上記ステップ5から過剰なチオール溶液を使用して、エルマン試験によって決定した:10μLのサンプル+20μLのエルマン試薬+70μLのDTNB緩衝液を、次いで、412nmで読み取った。
抗BAIBポリクローナル抗体を作製する免疫プロトコルを、当業者には周知の、以下のプロトコルに従って実施してもよい。ウサギを、例えば、上記の実施例8〜12からの免疫原の1つ、または別のBAIB特異的抗原で免疫する。それぞれの場合、例示的な免疫を、1mLの完全フロイントアジュバントと混合された、1mLのリン酸緩衝生理食塩水(PBS)中の0.5mgの免疫原を注射することによって実施する。各動物の剃毛された背部に、20〜30回の皮内注射を行ってもよい。各動物の後ろ足に、等量の不完全フロイントアジュバントと混合された1mLのPBS中の0.25mgの免疫原で追加免疫してもよい。追加免疫注射を、最初の注射後に各月に与えてもよい。各追加免疫の7〜10日後に、各ウサギから試験採血の血液5mLを採取することができる。採血産物40mLを、3回目の追加免疫注射後、抗血清力価が約1:2000より大きかった時、各ウサギから採取することができる。抗血清力価は、アッセイについての校正曲線の傾きが最も大きい、抗血清の希釈度である。
モノクローナル抗体を生成する方法は、当該分野の技術内である。実施形態において、抗体は、グルタルアルデヒド−BAIBコンジュゲート、ポリリジン−BAIBコンジュゲート、BAIB(アミン末端)−BSAコンジュゲート、BAIB(カルボキシ末端)−BSAコンジュゲート、BAIB(アミン末端)−KLHコンジュゲート、または、BAIB(カルボキシ末端)−KLHコンジュゲートに対して生じたモノクローナル抗体である。抗体は、当業者に周知の方法を使用することによって、精製し、特徴付けられうる。
抗BAIB抗体特異性を、BAIB(アミン末端)−KLHコンジュゲートとBAIB(カルボキシ末端)−KLHコンジュゲートとの混合物に対して生じたウサギ抗BAIB血清を使用する結合アッセイにより示した。BAIBを量り、PBS、pH7.4で溶解して1.0mg/mlとし、さらに希釈して50μg/mlとした。タンパク質A(rPA)スラリーを、ウサギ抗BAIB抗血清によってインキュベートして、IgGを捕捉した。陰性対照において、タンパク質A(rPA)スラリーを、PBSによってインキュベートした。インキュベーション後、600μLのrPAスラリーを、マイクロスピンカラムに添加し、回転して液体を除去した。300μLの50μg/mLのBAIBを、カラムに添加し、25℃で100分間インキュベートした。カラムを、次いで、回転し、フロースルーを集めた。フロースルーを、次いで、以下の通り、LC−MSによる分析で調製した。50μLのフロースルーの各サンプルを、96ウェルのプレートにおいて、50μLのBAIB内部標準と混合し、次いで、20分間、3,000xgで遠心分離した。300μLのアセトニトリルを、次いで、プレート内の各サンプルに添加し、プレートを、次いで、20分間超音波処理した。プレートを、次いで、20分間、3,000xgで遠心分離した。300μLの上澄みを、次いで、96ウェルのプレートフィルター(0.45um)に充填することによって濾過し、20分間、3,000xgで遠心分離した。濾過後、プレートを、次いで、4時間、SpeedVacで乾燥した。乾燥後、50μLの20%アセトニトリル溶液を、各サンプルに添加した。サンプルを、次いで、LC−MSにかけた。下記の表7に示す通り、抗BAIB:rProtAカラムは、対照のrProtAカラムより6.6%多くBAIBと結合した。
Claims (19)
- 動物が、腎疾患に罹患しているかどうかの決定を補助するための方法であって、
動物からの血液サンプル中のβ−アミノイソ酪酸(BAIB)を測定すること、および
サンプル中のBAIBの濃度を、健康な動物からのサンプル中のBAIBにおける濃度に関係する参照濃度と比較すること、
を含み、
前記測定がサンプルと抗BAIB抗体とを接触させ、サンプル中の抗体とBAIBとの結合または結合の量を決定することを含む、方法。 - 動物対象における腎疾患の診断を補助する方法であって、
対象の血液サンプル中のBAIBの濃度を測定すること、
BAIBのレベルを、健康な対象におけるBAIBの参照濃度と比較すること、および
サンプル中のBAIBの値が参照濃度を超えるか否かを判定すること
を含み、
前記測定がサンプルと抗BAIB抗体とを接触させ、サンプル中の抗体とBAIBとの結合または結合の量を決定することを含む、方法。 - 腎疾患が、器質的損傷の結果である、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 器質的損傷が、炎症、線維症、または傷害の結果である、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 腎疾患が、糸球体腎炎である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 損傷が、腎結石の結果である、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 腎結石が、シュウ酸塩の結晶である、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 参照濃度が、健康な動物におけるBAIBの濃度の95パーセンタイル値を反映している、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 動物が、ネコ類であり、血清または血漿の参照濃度が、2.0μg/dLのBAIBである、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 動物が、イヌ類であり、血清または血漿の参照濃度が、1.2μg/dLのBAIBである、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 動物対象が、腎疾患に罹患しているかどうかの決定を補助するための方法であって、
対象の血液サンプル中のBAIBの濃度および対称性ジメチルアルギニン(SDMA)を測定することであって、前記測定がサンプルと抗BAIB抗体とを接触させ、サンプル中の抗体とBAIBとの結合または結合の量を決定することを含み、ならびに
SDMAの濃度[SDMA]に対するBAIBの濃度[BAIB]の比が0.15より高いか否か、または[BAIB]に対する[SDMA]の比が7未満であるか否かを判定すること、
を含む方法。 - 動物対象における腎障害の診断を補助する方法であって、
対象の血液サンプル中のBAIBおよびSDMAの濃度を測定することであって、前記測定がサンプルと抗BAIB抗体とを接触させ、サンプル中の抗体とBAIBとの結合または結合の量を決定することを含み、ならびに
BAIBおよびSDMAのレベルを、健康な対象におけるBAIBおよびSDMAの参照濃度と比較すること、
腎機能の喪失の診断を補助する工程において、サンプル中のSDMAの濃度がSDMA参照濃度を超えるか否かを判定すること、ならびに
腎機能の喪失が器質的損傷の結果との診断を補助する工程において、サンプル中のBAIBの濃度がBAIB参照濃度を超えるか否かを判定すること、
を含む方法。 - BAIBの参照濃度およびSDMAの参照濃度のうちの少なくとも1つが、健康な動物からのサンプル中のBAIBおよびSDMAの濃度の95パーセンタイル値を反映している、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 動物が、ネコ類であり、血清または血漿の参照濃度が、2.0μg/dLのBAIBである、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 動物が、イヌ類であり、血清または血漿の参照濃度が、1.2μg/dLのBAIBである、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 血清または血漿のSDMAに対する参照濃度が、14μg/dLである、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 腎疾患に関連する死亡率の決定を補助するための方法であって、
(a)患者からの血液サンプル中のBAIBを測定することであって、前記測定がサンプルと抗BAIB抗体とを接触させ、サンプル中の抗体とBAIBとの結合または結合の量を決定することを含み、および
(b)腎疾患に関連する死亡率の決定を補助する工程において、サンプルが閾値よりも高い血中BAIB濃度を有するか否かを判定すること、
を含む方法。 - SDMAを測定すること、および、患者のサンプルが閾値よりも高い血中SDMA濃度を有するか否かを判定すること、をさらに含む、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 血液サンプルが、血清または血漿である、請求項1から18のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
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