JP6922923B2 - 積層体の製造方法 - Google Patents
積層体の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6922923B2 JP6922923B2 JP2018542424A JP2018542424A JP6922923B2 JP 6922923 B2 JP6922923 B2 JP 6922923B2 JP 2018542424 A JP2018542424 A JP 2018542424A JP 2018542424 A JP2018542424 A JP 2018542424A JP 6922923 B2 JP6922923 B2 JP 6922923B2
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- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-crotonic acid Natural products CC=CC(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinylsulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C=C NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- RKQOSDAEEGPRER-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc diethyldithiocarbamate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCN(CC)C([S-])=S.CCN(CC)C([S-])=S RKQOSDAEEGPRER-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 1
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Description
本発明の積層体の製造方法において、前記有機酸がカルボキシル基、スルホ基、ヒドロキシ基、チオール基の少なくとも一種類の基を有する有機酸であることが好ましい。
本発明の積層体の製造方法において、前記重合体ラテックスを構成する重合体がニトリルゴムであることが好ましい。
なお、繊維基材は、複数の繊維により構成されるため、特に、繊維基材が織布である場合には、通常、繊維が折り重なって厚み方向における繊維の重なり度合いが密になっている部分(重なり合っている繊維の数が多い部分)と、厚み方向における繊維の重なり度合いが疎になっている部分(重なり合っている繊維の数が少ない部分)とが存在し、これらの部分を含む層(基材層)によって、構成されることとなる。そのため、繊維基材は、そのミクロ構造においては、繊維の重なり度合いが密になっている部分と、繊維の重なり度合いが疎になっている部分とで、その厚みが異なる場合があるが、上記の繊維基材の厚みは、繊維基材について、繊維の重なり度合いが密になっている部分の厚みを、その厚みとした際の平均値として、求めることとする。
これらの金属塩の具体例としては、硝酸カルシウム、硝酸バリウム、硝酸亜鉛等の硝酸塩;塩化バリウム、塩化カルシウム、塩化マグネシウム、塩化亜鉛、塩化アルミニウム等のハロゲン化金属塩;酢酸バリウム、酢酸カルシウム、酢酸亜鉛等の酢酸塩;硫酸カルシウム、硫酸マグネシウム、硫酸アルミニウム等の硫酸塩;等が挙げられ、これらの中でも、硝酸塩およびハロゲン化金属塩が好ましく、硝酸カルシウムおよび塩化カルシウムがより好ましく、硝酸カルシウムが特に好ましい。
これらの金属塩は、単独または2種以上組み合わせて用いることができる。
乳化重合して得られるラテックスを用いる場合には、乳化重合に用いる単量体混合物の組成を調節することにより、得られる共重合体の組成を容易に調節することができるようになる。乳化重合の方法としては、従来公知の方法を採用することができる。
乳化剤の使用量は、使用する全単量体100重量部に対して、好ましくは0.5〜10重量部、より好ましくは1〜8重量部である。
重合開始剤の使用量は、使用する全単量体100重量部に対して、好ましくは0.01〜2重量部、より好ましくは0.05〜1.5重量部である。
分子量調整剤の使用量は、その種類によって異なるが、使用する全単量体100重量部に対して、好ましくは0.1〜1.5重量部、より好ましくは0.2〜1.0重量部である。
また、各単量体は、使用する各種単量体を予め混合してから反応容器に添加しても、あるいは別々に反応容器に添加してもよい。
重合停止剤の使用量は、特に限定されないが、通常、使用する全単量体100重量部に対して、0.05〜2重量部である。
架橋促進剤の使用量は、重合体ラテックス中の全固形分100重量部に対して、好ましくは0.1〜10重量部、より好ましくは0.5〜5重量部である。
実施例及び比較例で製造した積層体について、中指の先から12cmの掌部分の重合体層が積層された断面を、光学顕微鏡(キーエンス社製VHX−200)を用いて観察して、表面重合体層の厚み、浸透重合体層の厚み、および積層体全体の厚みを測定した。具体的な測定方法について図1を参照して説明すると、表面重合体層の厚みは、繊維基材の表面から、重合体層の表面までの距離を、10カ所測定し、測定結果の数平均値を算出することにより求めた。また、浸透重合体層の厚みは、繊維基材の表面から、浸透した重合体の最深部までの距離を、10カ所測定し、測定結果の数平均値を算出することにより求めた。さらに、積層体全体の厚みは、重合体層の表面から、繊維基材の裏面までの距離を、10カ所測定し、測定結果の数平均値を算出することにより求めた。
実施例および比較例で製造した手袋を10人にそれぞれ着用してもらい下記の評価基準で評価した。
5:非常に柔らかい
4:柔らかい
3:やや柔らかい
2:硬い
1:非常に硬い
摩耗試験はEN388に記載の方法に則って、マーチンデール式摩耗試験機(STM633:SATRA社製)を用いて評価を実施した。具体的には、実施例および比較例で製造した積層体について、所定の加重をかけながら摩擦を繰り返し、破損までの摩擦回数を得た。破損に至るまでの摩擦回数に従い、レベル0からレベル4までのレベルに分けられ、レベルが高いほど耐摩耗性に優れる。
LEVEL 4:回転数8,000回転
LEVEL 3:回転数2,000回転以上、8,000回転未満
LEVEL 2:回転数500回転以上、2,000回転未満
LEVEL 1:回転数100回転以上、500回転未満
LEVEL 0:回転数100回転未満
実施例及び比較例で製造した積層体について、繊維基材に浸透した重合体層が繊維基材の裏面まで到達しているか否かを目視にて確認し、以下の基準で評価した。
無し:重合体層が繊維基材の裏面まで到達していなかった。
有り:重合体層が繊維基材の裏面まで到達していた。
実施例及び比較例で製造した積層体を被験者10人が着用し、キーボード入力操作の軽作業を1時間行い、1時間の作業後に酢酸の臭気による不快感を覚えた人の人数をカウントし、以下の基準により評価した。
無し:不快感を覚えた人数が0人であった。
有り:不快感を覚えた人数が1人以上であった。
配合剤の分散液の調製
コロイド硫黄(細井化学工業社製)1.0部、分散剤(花王社製、商品名「デモールN」)0.5部、5%水酸化カリウム水溶液(和光純薬工業社製)0.0015部、水1.0部を、ボールミル中で48時間粉砕攪拌し、固形分濃度50重量%の分散液を得た。
重合反応器に、共役ジエン単量体として1,3−ブタジエン(以下、「BD」ということがある。)65部、α,β−エチレン性不飽和ニトリル単量体としてアクリロニトリル(以下、「AN」ということがある。)30部、エチレン性不飽和モノカルボン酸系単量体としてメタクリル酸(以下、「MAA」ということがある。)5部、t−ドデシルメルカプタン0.4部、イオン交換水132部、ドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリウム3部、β−ナフタリンスルホン酸ホルマリン縮合物ナトリウム塩0.5部、過硫酸カリウム0.3部およびエチレンジアミン四酢酸ナトリウム塩0.05部を仕込み、重合温度を30〜40℃に保持して重合を行い、重合転化率が94%に達するまで反応させて、重合体ラテックスを得た。
上記のディップ成形用ラテックスに、10%アンモニア水溶液を添加して、pHを9.5に調整するとともに、ディップ成形用ラテックス中の共重合体100部に対して、それぞれ固形分換算で、コロイド硫黄1.0部(上記硫黄分散液として添加)、ZnDBC0.5部、酸化亜鉛2.0部となるように、各配合剤の水分散液を添加した。なお、各配合剤の水分散液の添加の際には、ディップ成形用ラテックスを撹拌した状態で、所定の量をゆっくり添加した。添加物が均一に混合された後に、粘度調整剤としてアロン(東亜合成(株)製)を添加して組成物の粘度を3,000mPa・sに調整し、ディップ成形用ラテックス組成物を得た。
凝固剤としての硝酸カルシウム1.0重量%、および有機酸としての酢酸3.0重量%をそれぞれメタノールに溶解させてなるメタノール溶液を、凝固剤溶液として調製した。
まず、上述したディップ成形用ラテックス組成物に対して、温度30℃、48時間の条件で、熟成(前加硫ともいう。)を施した。次いで、手袋形状の繊維基材(材質:ナイロン、線密度:300デニール、ゲージ数:13ゲージ、厚み:0.8mm)を被せたセラミックス手袋型を、上記の凝固剤溶液に5秒間浸漬し、凝固剤溶液から引き上げた後、温度30℃、1分間の条件で乾燥させた。その後、セラミックス手袋型を、上記のディップ成形用ラテックス組成物に5秒間浸漬し、ディップ成形用ラテックス組成物から引き上げた後、温度30℃、30分間の条件で乾燥させ、次いで温度70℃、10分間の条件で乾燥させることで、繊維基材上に重合体層を形成した。その後、重合体層を形成したセラミックス手袋型を、60℃の温水に90秒間浸漬して、重合体層から水溶性の不純物を溶出させた後、温度30℃、10分間の条件で乾燥させ、さらに温度125℃、30分間の条件で熱処理を行う事で、重合体層中の重合体に架橋処理を施した。次いで、重合体層が形成された繊維基材をセラミックス手袋型から剥がすことで、積層体(保護手袋)を得た。得られた積層体について、上述した方法に従い、表面重合体層の厚み、浸透重合体層の厚みおよび積層体全体の厚み、柔軟性、耐摩耗性、裏抜けならびに酢酸臭の評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。なお、表1においては、表面重合体層の厚み、および浸透重合体層の厚みの合計値を、重合体層全体の厚みとして示した。
実施例1で用いた凝固剤溶液に代えて、硝酸カルシウム0.2重量%および酢酸3.0重量%のメタノール溶液(実施例2)、硝酸カルシウム7.0重量%および酢酸3.0重量%のメタノール溶液(実施例3)、硝酸カルシウム1.0重量%および酢酸0.1重量%のメタノール溶液(実施例4)、ならびに硝酸カルシウム1.0重量%および酢酸7.0重量%のメタノール溶液(実施例5)を、それぞれ調製して凝固剤溶液として使用した以外は、実施例1と同様にして、積層体(保護手袋)を得て、同様に評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
実施例1で用いた凝固剤溶液に代えて、硝酸カルシウム4.8重量%および酢酸3.0重量%のメタノール溶液を調製して凝固剤溶液として使用した以外は、実施例1と同様にして、積層体(保護手袋)を得て、同様に評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
実施例1で用いた凝固剤溶液に代えて、硝酸カルシウム1.0重量%のみを溶解させたメタノール溶液(比較例1)、酢酸3.0重量%のみを溶解させたメタノール溶液(比較例2)、硝酸カルシウム0.1重量%のみを溶解させたメタノール溶液(比較例3)、硝酸カルシウム10.0重量%のみを溶解させたメタノール溶液(比較例4)、ならびに硝酸カルシウム10.0重量%および酢酸8.0重量%のメタノール溶液(比較例5)を、それぞれ調製して凝固剤溶液として使用した以外は、実施例1と同様にして、積層体(保護手袋)を得て、同様に評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
一方、凝固剤の含有割合が上記範囲であっても、有機酸を含有しない凝固剤溶液を用いて得られた積層体は、柔軟性に劣るものであった(比較例1)。
有機酸の含有割合が上記範囲であっても、凝固剤を含有しない凝固剤溶液を用いて得られた積層体は、柔軟性に劣り、しかも裏抜けが発生してしまうものであった(比較例2)。
凝固剤の含有割合が小さすぎであり、かつ、有機酸を含有しない凝固剤溶液を用いて得られた積層体は、柔軟性に劣り、しかも裏抜けが発生してしまうものであった(比較例3)。
凝固剤の含有割合が大きすぎであり、かつ、有機酸を含有しない凝固剤溶液を用いて得られた積層体は、柔軟性および耐摩耗性に劣るものであった(比較例4)。
凝固剤の含有割合および有機酸の含有割合がいずれも大きすぎる凝固剤溶液を用いて得られた積層体は、耐摩耗性に劣り、しかも酢酸臭が確認されてしまうものであった(比較例5)。
Claims (7)
- 繊維基材に凝固剤溶液を付着させる凝固剤溶液付着工程と、
前記凝固剤溶液を付着させた前記繊維基材に、重合体ラテックスを接触させて重合体を凝固させることで、前記繊維基材上に重合体層を形成する凝固工程と、を備え、
前記凝固剤溶液として、溶媒中に、凝固剤としての金属塩0.2〜4.0重量%、および有機酸0.1〜7.0重量%を溶解または分散させてなるものを用いる積層体の製造方法。 - 前記金属塩が多価金属塩である請求項1に記載の積層体の製造方法。
- 前記有機酸がカルボキシル基、スルホ基、ヒドロキシ基、チオール基の少なくとも一種類の基を有する有機酸である請求項1または2に記載の積層体の製造方法。
- 前記重合体ラテックスを構成する重合体がニトリルゴムである請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の積層体の製造方法。
- 前記凝固工程において、前記重合体層のうち前記繊維基材に浸透した部分である浸透重合体層の厚みが、0.05〜0.6mmとなるように、前記重合体層を形成する請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の積層体の製造方法。
- 前記凝固工程において、前記重合体層のうち前記繊維基材に浸透していない部分である表面重合体層の厚みが、0.05〜0.6mmとなるように、前記重合体層を形成する請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の積層体の製造方法。
- 請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載の製造方法により得られる積層体を用いる保護手袋の製造方法。
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