JP6915889B2 - 輸送または封じ込めのために放射性物質および有害物質を封じ込める、または封入する方法およびシステム - Google Patents
輸送または封じ込めのために放射性物質および有害物質を封じ込める、または封入する方法およびシステム Download PDFInfo
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- 229910052705 radium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HCWPIIXVSYCSAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N radium atom Chemical compound [Ra] HCWPIIXVSYCSAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F1/00—Shielding characterised by the composition of the materials
- G21F1/02—Selection of uniform shielding materials
- G21F1/10—Organic substances; Dispersions in organic carriers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F1/00—Shielding characterised by the composition of the materials
- G21F1/12—Laminated shielding materials
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F5/00—Transportable or portable shielded containers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F5/00—Transportable or portable shielded containers
- G21F5/005—Containers for solid radioactive wastes, e.g. for ultimate disposal
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F5/00—Transportable or portable shielded containers
- G21F5/06—Details of, or accessories to, the containers
- G21F5/12—Closures for containers; Sealing arrangements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
- G21F9/28—Treating solids
- G21F9/30—Processing
- G21F9/301—Processing by fixation in stable solid media
- G21F9/307—Processing by fixation in stable solid media in polymeric matrix, e.g. resins, tars
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
- G21F9/28—Treating solids
- G21F9/34—Disposal of solid waste
- G21F9/36—Disposal of solid waste by packaging; by baling
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Refuse Receptacles (AREA)
- Packging For Living Organisms, Food Or Medicinal Products That Are Sensitive To Environmental Conditiond (AREA)
- Packages (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
- Containers Having Bodies Formed In One Piece (AREA)
Description
上記のタイプのコンテナに毒性物質を入れるステップと、
コンテナをシールするステップと
を含む、毒性物質を封入する方法が提供される。
(i)放射性廃棄物および/または有害廃棄物を含む廃棄物と、
(ii)非生分解性熱可塑性ポリマーと、
(iii)ワックスと
を含む。
(i)封入され、かつ封じ込められる放射性廃棄物および/または有害廃棄物を提供するステップと、
(ii)ステップ(i)の廃棄物を、非生分解性熱可塑性ポリマーおよびワックスを含む封入組成物と混合するステップと、
(iii)封入組成物が溶融状または液状になるように、ステップ(ii)の廃棄物および封入組成物の混合物を加熱し、それによって廃棄物を封入するステップと、
(iv)ステップ(iii)の混合物をコンテナ入れ、それによって廃棄物を封じ込めるステップと
を含む。
(i)非生分解性熱可塑性ポリマーと、
(ii)ワックスと
を含む。
(i)放射性廃棄物および/または有害廃棄物を含む廃棄物と、
(ii)
(a)非生分解性熱可塑性ポリマーと、
(b)ワックスと
を含む封入組成物と
を含む。
(i)非生分解性熱可塑性ポリマーおよびワックスを含む、放射性廃棄物および/または有害廃棄物の封入のための封入組成物と、
(ii)封入組成物を受け入れるためのコンテナと
を含む。
(i)封入され、かつ封じ込められる放射性廃棄物および/または有害廃棄物を提供するステップと、
(ii)ステップ(i)の廃棄物を、非生分解性熱可塑性ポリマーおよびワックスを含む封入組成物と混合するステップと、
(iii)封入組成物が溶融状または液状になるように、ステップ(ii)の廃棄物および封入組成物の混合物を加熱し、それによって廃棄物を封入するステップと、
(iv)ステップ(iii)の混合物をコンテナ入れ、それによって廃棄物を封じ込めるステップと
を含む。
(i)非生分解性熱可塑性ポリマーおよびワックスを含む、放射性廃棄物および/または有害廃棄物の封入のための封入組成物と、
(ii)封入組成物を受け入れるためのコンテナと
を含む。
第1の実施形態によれば、封入組成物は、非生分解性熱可塑性ポリマーおよびワックスを含む。上に示した通り、ポリマーは、組成物中に、組成物の全体積に基づいて約0.5%〜約30%の量で存在し、ワックスは、全体積に基づいて約10%〜約99.5%の量で存在する。組成物からの廃棄物の浸出を最小にするという点から組成物中に含むこれらの成分の最適量を決定するために、様々な配合物を、標準的な手法にしたがって調製および試験することができる。代表的な配合物を表1に示す。
廃棄物形態内の汚染物質の封入は、環境中への浸出から廃棄物を隔離し、封じ込めるために用いられ得るいくつかの障壁のうちの第一である。したがって、様々な環境条件での長期間にわたるこのような封入廃棄物の耐久性は、封入廃棄物中の汚染物質が隔離され続け、封じ込められ続けるために重要な役割を果たす。したがって、封入組成物を試験して、封入組成物が構造的に安定であり、したがって、内部に封入された廃棄物を長期間十分に保持することを確認することが重要である。この点に関して、適切な試験は、廃棄物の処分、貯蔵および封じ込めの予想される条件をできるだけ正確に反映する短期のコンディショニングおよび特性評価を適用するものになる。以下の試験は、組成物によって封入された廃棄物に適用されてもよい。試験は、米国材料試験協会(ASTM)、国際標準化機構(ISO)および環境保護局(EPA)などの関連規制当局に裁判管轄上認められている標準化技術である。
(内部に封入された廃棄物を含む)記載の封入組成物に、いくつかの試験様式にしたがって燃焼性評価を行うことができる。これらの試験様式には以下が含まれるが、これらに限定されない。
圧縮試験は、試験が行われる条件を近似する条件下で用いられるとき、評価されるサンプル物質の圧縮特性に関する情報を与える。圧縮特性には、弾性率、降伏応力、降伏後の変形および圧縮強度(サンプル物質が単に平らになり、破壊しない場合を除く。)が含まれる。程度の低い延性を持つサンプル物質は降伏点を示さない場合がある。圧縮時に粉砕破壊によって破壊するサンプル物質の場合、圧縮強度は非常に明確な値を有する。圧縮時に粉砕破壊によって破壊しないサンプル物質の場合、圧縮強度は、サンプル物質の完全な破壊を示すと見なされるひずみ度に応じた不定値である。代表的な試験には、硬質プラスチックの圧縮特性のASTM標準試験法−ASTM 0695(ISO 604と技術的に同等)が含まれる。
これらの試験は、封入廃棄物内に存在するマーカー汚染物質の組成物からの漏出または浸出を封入組成物が抑制または低減することができる有効性を分析するために設計されている。マーカー汚染物質は、測定目的で廃棄物に人工的に投入することができる。このようなマーカー汚染物質には、典型的には、鉛、銀、ニッケル、水銀、クロム、ヒ素、カドミウム、ベリリウムおよびバリウムなどの様々な金属が含まれる。
第4の実施形態によれば、放射性廃棄物および/または有害廃棄物の封入および封じ込めのためのシステムが提供される。1つの実施形態において、本システムは、(i)非生分解性熱可塑性ポリマーおよびワックスを含む、放射性廃棄物および/または有害廃棄物の封入のための封入組成物と、(ii)封入組成物を受け入れるためのコンテナを含む。
Claims (14)
- 非生分解性熱可塑性ポリマーおよびワックスまたは脂肪を含む組成物であるマトリックス材料内に少なくとも部分的に配置された補強構造物を含む複数の複合パネルによって形成されるか、またはこれらを含み、前記マトリックス材料を溶融することによりコンテナのオープントップをシールするのに適したシール蓋を備えるオープントップコンテナである、毒性廃棄物質を封入するためのコンテナ。
- 非生分解性熱可塑性ポリマーおよびワックスまたは脂肪を含む組成物であるマトリックス材料内に少なくとも部分的に配置された補強構造物を含む複数の複合パネルによって形成されるか、またはこれらを含み、前記マトリックス材料を加熱して蓋をコンテナに融合させるために前記コンテナの開口端付近に配置された通電可能な少なくとも1つの導電性発熱体を有する、毒性廃棄物質を封入するためのコンテナ。
- ホウ素または黒鉛あるいはこれらの組み合わせおよび脂肪を含む組成物で形成された、前記コンテナ内に形成された内部放射線シールドをさらに含む、請求項1または2に記載のコンテナ。
- 単体構造のものである、請求項1または2のいずれか一項に記載のコンテナ。
- 前記少なくとも1つの発熱体が前記パネル内に一体成形されている、請求項2に記載のコンテナ。
- ガス排出ベントをさらに含む、請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載のコンテナ。
- コーナー保護部材をさらに含む、請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載のコンテナ。
- リフト車両との係合のための、その下部に形成された陥凹をさらに含む、請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載のコンテナ。
- 前記コンテナの下面および上面が、複数のコンテナをかみ合わせて積み重ねることを可能にする相補形状のかみ合わせフィーチャを含む、請求項1から8のいずれか一項に記載のコンテナ。
- シールされ、かつ非生分解性熱可塑性ポリマーおよびワックスを含む封入組成物に封入された放射性廃棄物および/または有害廃棄物を含み、前記封入組成物が溶融混合され、それによって前記廃棄物を前記組成物に封入する、非生分解性熱可塑性ポリマーおよびワックスまたは脂肪を含む組成物であるマトリックス材料内に少なくとも部分的に配置された補強構造物を含む複数の複合パネルによって形成されるか、またはこれらを含む、毒性廃棄物質を封入するためのコンテナから構成される毒性物質封入システム。
- 請求項10に記載の毒性物質封入システムによる複数のコンテナを含み、非生分解性熱可塑性ポリマーおよびワックスまたは脂肪で形成され、かつ前記ポリマー内に一体成形された補強構造物を有する複数のパネルで構成され、前記複数のパネルが、前記複数のコンテナが内部に配置される輸送コンテナ内に配列され、かつ前記輸送コンテナを整列させる、輸送システム。
- 前記非生分解性熱可塑性ポリマーが、低密度ポリエチレン(LDPE)、ポリプロピレン、高密度ポリエチレン(HDPE)、アクリル、ポリビニルエチレン、ポリ酢酸ビニル、ポリ塩化ビニル(PVC)、ポリスチレン、ナイロン、ポリブタジエンおよびこれらの混合物からなる群から選択されるポリオレフィンである、請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載のコンテナ。
- 前記ワックスが、パラフィン、蜜蝋、イボタ蝋、ラノリン、セラック蝋、鯨蝋、ヤマモモ蝋、カンデリラ蝋、カルナウバ蝋、昆虫蝋、ヒマシ蝋、エスパルトワックス、木蝋、ホホバ油、オーリキュリーワックス、米糠蝋、大豆蝋、ロータスワックス、セレシン蝋、モンタン蝋、地蝋、ピートワックス、ミクロクリスタリンワックス、ペトロラタム、フィッシャー−トロプシュワックス、置換アミドワックス、パルミチン酸セチル、パルミチン酸ラウリル、ステアリン酸セトステアリル、ポリエチレンワックス、C30−45アルキルメチコンおよびC30−45オレフィンからなる群のうちの1つまたは複数から選択される、請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載のコンテナ。
- 前記マトリックス材料が、ドライクリーンもしくは廃木粉、ガラス繊維、炭素繊維、アラミド繊維、炭化ケイ素繊維、ボロン繊維、アルミナ繊維、芳香族ポリアミド繊維、高弾性ポリエステル繊維、麻、ジュートまたはサイザルからなる群のうちの1つまたは複数から選択されるフィラーまたは補強繊維をさらに含む、請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載のコンテナ。
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