JP6914012B2 - リチウムイオン蓄電池 - Google Patents
リチウムイオン蓄電池 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP6914012B2 JP6914012B2 JP2016129094A JP2016129094A JP6914012B2 JP 6914012 B2 JP6914012 B2 JP 6914012B2 JP 2016129094 A JP2016129094 A JP 2016129094A JP 2016129094 A JP2016129094 A JP 2016129094A JP 6914012 B2 JP6914012 B2 JP 6914012B2
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- Prior art keywords
- negative electrode
- positive electrode
- storage battery
- current collector
- active material
- Prior art date
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- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 title claims description 300
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Description
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様に係るリチウムイオン蓄電池100と、その作製方法について説明する。本発明の一態様として、グラフェン化合物の一例である、酸化グラフェンを用いた場合について示す。
酸化グラフェン膜103は、グラフェン化合物を酸化して形成してもよく、修飾された酸化グラフェンでもよい。シート状の酸化グラフェンを形成して、これに電極を収納して酸化グラフェン膜103としてもよく、図5(A)乃至図5(D)はその工程を示している。予め、負極集電体に負極活物質層を形成し、リードを取り付けた状態の負極102を用意し、シート状の酸化グラフェンを折りたたみ、負極102を内包した状態で外縁部に接合部108を設け接合することで、負極102を包む酸化グラフェン膜103を形成することができる。この際、負極は、リードのために、酸化グラフェン膜103から少なくとも一部を露出しなければならない。そのため、本発明の一態様に係るリチウムイオン蓄電池において、酸化グラフェン膜103に包まれる負極102は、負極102のすべてが包まれることには限定されないことは言うまでもなく、部分的に包まれていてもよく、少なくとも一部が包まれていればよい。また、酸化グラフェン膜103と負極102とが直接接していることにも限定されず、酸化グラフェン膜103と負極102との間に他の構造物を有していてもよい。なお、負極102をシート状の酸化グラフェン膜103で包むとき、接合部108を設けなくてもよい。また、図30(A)、図30(B)及び図30(C)に、酸化グラフェン膜103に包まれた負極の断面模式図の一例を示す。
本発明の一態様において、正極、負極の一方または両方は酸化グラフェン膜103に包まれるが、酸化グラフェン膜103は酸化グラフェンに限らずその他のグラフェン化合物を用いることができる場合がある。また、グラフェン化合物は酸化グラフェン膜103以外の構造物に用いてもよい。例えば、正極集電体101a、正極活物質層101b、負極集電体102a、負極活物質層102b、セパレータ109、外装体107、電解液106のいずれか少なくとも一つにグラフェン化合物を用いることができる。グラフェン化合物は後述の通り、修飾により構造及び特性を幅広く選択することができるため、グラフェン化合物を適用しようとする部材に応じて、好ましい性質を発現させることができる。また、グラフェン化合物は機械的強度が高いため、グラフェン化合物は可撓性を有する蓄電装置を構成する各部材にも適用することができる。以下、グラフェン化合物について説明する。
正極101は、正極集電体101aと、正極集電体101a上に形成された正極活物質層101bなどにより構成される。本実施の形態では、シート状(又は帯状)の正極集電体101aの一方の面に正極活物質層101bを設けた例を示しているが、これに限られず、正極活物質層101bを正極集電体101aの両面に設けてもよい。正極活物質層101bを正極集電体101aの両面に設けることで、リチウムイオン蓄電池100の容量を大きくすることができる。また、本実施の形態では、正極活物質層101bは、正極集電体101a上の全域に設けているが、これに限られず、正極集電体101aの一部に設けても良い。例えば、正極集電体101aの、正極リード104と電気的に接する部分(以下、「正極タブ」ともいう。)には、正極活物質層101bを設けない構成とするとよい。
負極102は、負極集電体102aと、負極集電体102a上に形成された負極活物質層102bなどにより構成される。本実施の形態では、シート状(又は帯状)の負極集電体102aの一方の面に負極活物質層102bを設けた例を示しているが、これに限られず、負極活物質層102bは、負極集電体102aの両面に設けてもよい。負極活物質層102bを負極集電体102aの両面に設けることで、リチウムイオン蓄電池100の容量を大きくすることができる。また、本実施の形態では、負極活物質層102bは、負極集電体102a上の全域に設けているが、これに限られず、負極集電体102aの一部に設けても良い。例えば、負極集電体102aの、負極リード105と電気的に接する部分(以下、「負極タブ」ともいう。)には、負極活物質層102bを設けない構成とするとよい。
リチウムイオン蓄電池100に用いる電解液106の溶媒としては、非プロトン性有機溶媒が好ましく、例えば、エチレンカーボネート(EC)、プロピレンカーボネート(PC)、ブチレンカーボネート、クロロエチレンカーボネート、ビニレンカーボネート、γ−ブチロラクトン、γ−バレロラクトン、ジメチルカーボネート(DMC)、ジエチルカーボネート(DEC)、エチルメチルカーボネート(EMC)、ギ酸メチル、酢酸メチル、酪酸メチル、1,3−ジオキサン、1,4−ジオキサン、ジメトキシエタン(DME)、ジメチルスルホキシド、ジエチルエーテル、メチルジグライム、アセトニトリル、ベンゾニトリル、テトラヒドロフラン、スルホラン、スルトン等の1種、又はこれらのうちの2種以上を任意の組み合わせ及び比率で用いることができる。
二次電池の構造としては、様々な構造があるが、本実施の形態では、外装体107の形成にフィルムを用いる。なお、外装体107を形成するためのフィルムは金属フィルム(アルミニウム、ステンレス、ニッケル鋼など)、有機材料からなるプラスチックフィルム、有機材料(有機樹脂や繊維など)と無機材料(セラミックなど)とを含むハイブリッド材料フィルム、炭素含有無機フィルム(カーボンフィルム、グラファイトフィルムなど)から選ばれる単層フィルムまたはこれら複数からなる積層フィルムを用いる。金属フィルムは、エンボス加工を行いやすく、エンボス加工を行って凹部または凸部を形成すると外気に触れる外装体107の表面積が増大するため、放熱効果に優れている。
本発明の一態様において、例えば、図1(A)、図2(A)および図3(A)に示す通り、正極101と負極102の間にセパレータ109を設けてもよい。
次に、上述の構成部材を組み合わせて、外装体107を封止することにより図1、図2及び図3に示す通り、正極101と、負極102と、酸化グラフェン膜103とを積み重ね、電解液106とともに外装体107により封止された状態とする。外装体107の内部に各構成部材を収納する工程を図6(A)及び図6(B)に示す。図6では図示しないが、セパレータ109を用いる場合、正極101と負極102との間に配置する。
本実施の形態においては、可撓性を有するリチウムイオン蓄電池について説明する。
本実施の形態にて示された各部材の材料から、可撓性を有する材料を選択して用いると、可撓性を有するリチウムイオン蓄電池を作製することができる。近年、変形可能なデバイスの研究及び開発が盛んである。そのようなデバイスに用いる蓄電池として、可撓性を有する蓄電池の需要が生じている。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様に係る蓄電池の構造について、図9乃至図11を参照して説明する。
図9(A)は、コイン型(単層偏平型)の蓄電池の外観図であり、図9(B)は、その断面図である。
次に、円筒型の蓄電池の一例について、図10を参照して説明する。円筒型の蓄電池600は図10(A)に示すように、上面に正極キャップ(電池蓋)601を有し、側面及び底面に電池缶(外装缶)602を有している。これら正極キャップと電池缶(外装缶)602とは、ガスケット(絶縁パッキン)610によって絶縁されている。
次に、積層型の蓄電池の一例について、図11(A)を参照して説明する。積層型の蓄電池は、可撓性を有する構成とすれば、可撓性を有する部位を少なくとも一部有する電子機器に実装すれば、電子機器の変形に合わせて蓄電池も曲げることもできる。
ここで、図12に外観図を示す積層型蓄電池の作製方法の一例について、図14(B)、(C)を用いて説明する。
蓄電池の構造例について、図16乃至図20を用いて説明する。ただし、図示しないが図16乃至図20において、蓄電池の正極または負極は酸化グラフェン膜に包まれている。
次に、蓄電池を車両に搭載する例について示す。蓄電池を車両に搭載すると、ハイブリッド車(HEV)、電気自動車(EV)、又はプラグインハイブリッド車(PHEV)等の次世代クリーンエネルギー自動車を実現できる。
実施の形態1乃至3で説明した蓄電池を電池セルとして、これと組み合わせて用いることができる電池制御ユニット(Battery Management Unit:BMU)、及び該電池制御ユニットを構成する回路に適したトランジスタについて、図22乃至図28を参照して説明する。本実施の形態では、特に直列に接続された電池セルを有する蓄電池の電池制御ユニットについて説明する。
101 正極
101a 正極集電体
101b 正極活物質層
102 負極
102a 負極集電体
102b 負極活物質層
103 酸化グラフェン膜
103a 第1の領域
103b 第2の領域
104 正極リード
105 負極リード
106 電解液
107 外装体
108 接合部
109 セパレータ
300 蓄電池
301 正極缶
302 負極缶
303 ガスケット
304 正極
305 正極集電体
306 正極活物質層
307 負極
308 負極集電体
309 負極活物質層
310 セパレータ
400 蓄電池
402 正極
404 負極
406 電解液
408 セパレータ
500 蓄電池
501 正極集電体
502 正極活物質層
503 正極
504 負極集電体
505 負極活物質層
506 負極
507 セパレータ
508 電解液
509 外装体
510 正極タブ電極
511 負極タブ電極
531 酸化グラフェン膜
600 蓄電池
601 正極キャップ
602 電池缶
603 正極端子
604 正極
605 セパレータ
606 負極
607 負極端子
608 絶縁板
609 絶縁板
610 ガスケット
611 PTC素子
612 安全弁機構
900 回路基板
910 ラベル
911 端子
912 回路
913 蓄電池
914 アンテナ
915 アンテナ
916 層
917 層
918 アンテナ
919 端子
920 表示装置
921 センサ
922 端子
930 筐体
930a 筐体
930b 筐体
931 負極
932 正極
933 セパレータ
951 端子
952 端子
1700 曲面
1701 平面
1702 曲線
1703 曲率半径
1704 曲率中心
1800 曲率中心
1801 フィルム
1802 曲率半径
1803 フィルム
1804 曲率半径
1805 電池材料
7100 携帯表示装置
7101 筐体
7102 表示部
7103 操作ボタン
7104 蓄電池
7400 携帯電話機
7401 筐体
7402 表示部
7403 操作ボタン
7404 外部接続ポート
7405 スピーカ
7406 マイク
7407 蓄電池
8021 充電装置
8022 ケーブル
8100 自動車
8200 自動車
8101 ヘッドライト
S1 制御信号
S2 制御信号
S3 変圧信号
BT00 蓄電池
BT01 端子対
BT02 端子対
BT03 切り替え制御回路
BT04 切り替え回路
BT05 切り替え回路
BT06 変圧制御回路
BT07 変圧回路
BT08 電池部
BT09 電池セル
BT10 トランジスタ
BT11 バス
BT12 バス
BT13 トランジスタ
BT14 電流制御スイッチ
BT15 バス
BT16 バス
BT17 スイッチ対
BT18 スイッチ対
BT21 トランジスタ対
BT22 トランジスタ
BT23 トランジスタ
BT24 バス
BT25 バス
BT31 トランジスタ対
BT32 トランジスタ
BT33 トランジスタ
BT34 バス
BT35 バス
BT41 電池制御ユニット
BT51 絶縁型DC−DCコンバータ
BT52 スイッチ部
BT53 トランス部
S001 ステップ
S002 ステップ
S003 ステップ
S004 ステップ
S005 ステップ
S006 ステップ
S007 ステップ
S008 ステップ
Claims (6)
- 正極と、負極と、外装体と、を有し、
前記正極は、正極集電体と、前記正極集電体の材料と異なる正極活物質層と、を有し、
前記負極は、負極集電体と、前記負極集電体の材料と異なる負極活物質層と、を有し、
前記正極または前記負極の少なくとも一方は、第1の膜に少なくとも一部が包まれており、
前記第1の膜は、前記正極集電体と前記正極活物質層の周囲、または前記負極集電体と前記負極活物質層の周囲を覆っており、
前記第1の膜は、グラフェン化合物を有し、
前記第1の膜は、前記正極活物質層または前記負極活物質層と接する第1の領域と、前記正極集電体または前記負極集電体と接する第2の領域と、を有し、
前記第1の領域は、第1の官能基を有し、かつ前記第2の領域よりリチウムイオンが通過しやすく、
前記第2の領域は、前記第1の官能基とは異なる第2の官能基を有し、かつ前記第1の領域より機械強度が高く、
前記正極と、前記負極と、は、前記外装体に収納されているリチウムイオン蓄電池。 - 正極と、負極と、外装体と、を有し、
前記正極と、前記負極と、の間にセパレータを有し、
前記正極は、正極集電体と、前記正極集電体の材料と異なる正極活物質層と、を有し、
前記負極は、負極集電体と、前記負極集電体の材料と異なる負極活物質層と、を有し、
前記正極または前記負極の少なくとも一方は、第1の膜に少なくとも一部が包まれており、
前記第1の膜は、前記正極集電体と前記正極活物質層の周囲、または前記負極集電体と前記負極活物質層の周囲を覆っており、
前記第1の膜は、グラフェン化合物を有し、
前記第1の膜は、前記セパレータと接する第1の領域と、前記正極集電体または前記負極集電体と接する第2の領域と、を有し、
前記第1の領域は、第1の官能基を有し、かつ前記第2の領域よりリチウムイオンが通過しやすく、
前記第2の領域は、前記第1の官能基とは異なる第2の官能基を有し、かつ前記第1の領域より機械強度が高く、
前記正極と、前記負極と、前記セパレータと、は、前記外装体に収納されているリチウムイオン蓄電池。 - 正極と、負極と、外装体と、を有し、
前記正極は、正極集電体と、前記正極集電体の材料と異なる正極活物質層と、を有し、
前記負極は、負極集電体と、前記負極集電体の材料と異なる負極活物質層と、を有し、
前記正極または前記負極の少なくとも一方は、第1の膜に少なくとも一部が包まれており、
前記第1の膜は、前記正極集電体と前記正極活物質層の周囲、または前記負極集電体と前記負極活物質層の周囲を覆っており、
前記第1の膜は、グラフェン化合物を有し、
前記第1の膜は、前記正極活物質層または前記負極活物質層と接する第1の領域と、前記正極集電体または前記負極集電体と接する第2の領域と、を有し、
前記第1の領域は、第1の修飾を施され、かつ前記第2の領域よりリチウムイオンが通過しやすく、
前記第2の領域は、前記第1の修飾とは異なる第2の修飾を施され、かつ前記第1の領域より機械強度が高く、
前記正極と、前記負極と、は、前記外装体に収納されているリチウムイオン蓄電池。 - 正極と、負極と、外装体と、を有し、
前記正極と、前記負極と、の間にセパレータを有し、
前記正極は、正極集電体と、前記正極集電体の材料と異なる正極活物質層と、を有し、
前記負極は、負極集電体と、前記負極集電体の材料と異なる負極活物質層と、を有し、
前記正極または前記負極の少なくとも一方は、第1の膜に少なくとも一部が包まれており、
前記第1の膜は、前記正極集電体と前記正極活物質層の周囲、または前記負極集電体と前記負極活物質層の周囲を覆っており、
前記第1の膜は、グラフェン化合物を有し、
前記第1の膜は、前記セパレータと接する第1の領域と、前記正極集電体または前記負極集電体と接する第2の領域と、を有し、
前記第1の領域は、第1の修飾を施され、かつ前記第2の領域よりリチウムイオンが通過しやすく、
前記第2の領域は、前記第1の修飾とは異なる第2の修飾を施され、かつ前記第1の領域より機械強度が高く、
前記正極と、前記負極と、前記セパレータと、は、前記外装体に収納されているリチウムイオン蓄電池。 - 請求項1乃至請求項4のいずれか一項において、
前記グラフェン化合物は、グラフェンと酸素とを有するリチウムイオン蓄電池。 - 請求項1乃至請求項5のいずれか一項において、
前記グラフェン化合物は、炭素で構成される七員環以上の多員環を有するリチウムイオン蓄電池。
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DE112017001004T5 (de) | 2016-02-26 | 2018-11-08 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Verbindungselement, Leistungsversorgungsvorrichtung, elektronisches Gerät und System |
WO2017149405A1 (en) | 2016-03-02 | 2017-09-08 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Graphene compound, method for forming graphene compound, and lithium-ion storage battery |
CN118016977A (zh) | 2016-07-05 | 2024-05-10 | 株式会社半导体能源研究所 | 锂离子二次电池 |
WO2018011675A1 (en) | 2016-07-13 | 2018-01-18 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Graphene compound, method for forming graphene compound, and power storage device |
US9837682B1 (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2017-12-05 | Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc | Variable layer thickness in curved battery cell |
KR20220038810A (ko) | 2016-10-12 | 2022-03-29 | 가부시키가이샤 한도오따이 에네루기 켄큐쇼 | 양극 활물질 입자 및 양극 활물질 입자의 제작 방법 |
US10707524B2 (en) | 2016-10-19 | 2020-07-07 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Graphene compound and manufacturing method thereof, electrolyte, and power storage device |
CN118458757A (zh) * | 2016-12-09 | 2024-08-09 | 株式会社半导体能源研究所 | 二次电池及其制造方法 |
US11270686B2 (en) * | 2017-03-28 | 2022-03-08 | International Business Machines Corporation | Deep language and acoustic modeling convergence and cross training |
CN107086306A (zh) * | 2017-05-08 | 2017-08-22 | 厦门大学 | 一种采用石墨烯薄膜作为负极的微型薄膜锂电池 |
WO2018207049A1 (ja) | 2017-05-12 | 2018-11-15 | 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 | 正極活物質粒子 |
KR102591354B1 (ko) | 2017-05-19 | 2023-10-19 | 가부시키가이샤 한도오따이 에네루기 켄큐쇼 | 양극 활물질, 양극 활물질의 제작 방법, 및 이차 전지 |
KR102223712B1 (ko) | 2017-06-26 | 2021-03-04 | 가부시키가이샤 한도오따이 에네루기 켄큐쇼 | 양극 활물질의 제작 방법 및 이차 전지 |
KR102244909B1 (ko) * | 2017-10-26 | 2021-04-26 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 분리막 및 이를 포함하는 리튬-황 전지 |
DE102018200973A1 (de) * | 2018-01-23 | 2019-07-25 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Festelektrolyt-Flüssigelektrolyt-Hybrid-Zelle |
EP3654413A1 (en) * | 2018-11-14 | 2020-05-20 | Université de Liège | Silicon-carbon composite anode material |
WO2020104892A1 (ja) | 2018-11-22 | 2020-05-28 | 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 | 半導体装置及び充電制御システム |
CN113875082B (zh) * | 2019-03-21 | 2023-01-31 | 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司 | 用于高安全性包设计的导热性各向异性的多层复合材料 |
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CN118302897A (zh) * | 2021-11-30 | 2024-07-05 | 株式会社半导体能源研究所 | 柔性电池管理系统及电子设备 |
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WO2012158924A2 (en) * | 2011-05-17 | 2012-11-22 | Indiana Research And Technology Corporation | Rechargeable alkaline metal and alkaline earth electrodes having controlled dendritic growth and methods for making and using the same |
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KR20240139091A (ko) | 2013-11-28 | 2024-09-20 | 가부시키가이샤 한도오따이 에네루기 켄큐쇼 | 축전 장치 |
JP6851131B2 (ja) | 2013-12-04 | 2021-03-31 | 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 | 可撓性を有する二次電池 |
US10158108B2 (en) | 2014-10-24 | 2018-12-18 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Power storage device including separator surrounding electrode |
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