JP6908808B1 - Extract extraction method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve the extraction efficiency of an extract from a solid substance containing fungi. A method for extracting an extract from a solid substance containing fungi. The first extraction step of extracting the extract from the solid matter with water is performed. From the residue obtained in the first extraction step, a second extraction step is performed in which an extract is extracted with water that is more acidic than the water used in the first extraction step. [Selection diagram] None

Description

The present invention relates to a method for extracting an extract.

Fungi, including mushrooms, contain various active ingredients. For example, Reishi is a mushroom belonging to the family Polyporaceae, and is known to contain β-glucan, terpenoids, germanium, chitin, eritadenine, lenticin, nucleotides, steroids, dietary fiber and the like as active ingredients. .. In addition, this type of mushroom has general medicinal effects such as antitumor activity, immunopotentiation, antiinflammatory effect, hypoglycemic effect, hypotensive effect, cholesterol lowering effect, antithrombotic effect, antiviral effect, obesity suppression effect, and dietary fiber. The fiber effect has been discovered, and it is known to be effective for pollinosis, atopic dermatitis, diabetes, cancer and the like. However, the amount of active ingredient that can be extracted from fungi as an extract is very small.

The extraction method of the extract from the fungus includes a hot water extraction method in which the fungus is immersed in hot water to boil the extract, and the fungus is cold-immersed or warm-soaked in a solvent such as chloroform, ether, alcohol, caustic soda, or salt water. There are a method of extracting the extract, a steam extraction method and a sublimation method of extracting the volatile oil component of the extract. For example, Patent Document 1 proposes a method for low-temperature extracting a Reishi extract from a low-temperature aqueous solution at 5 to 10 ° C. containing sliced Reishi, deionized water, and an organic acid (for example, citric acid, lactic acid, malic acid, etc.). ing. Further, in Patent Document 2, a mushroom mycelium in which mushroom mycelium is cultured using a mushroom fruiting body mixture (for example, Reishi, Agaricus blazei, Maitake mushroom, Shiitake mushroom) as a medium is immersed in high temperature water at 98 ° C. to obtain an extract. We propose a method of extracting and immersing the extracted residue in hot water to further extract the extract.

Japanese Patent No. 2777073 Japanese Patent No. 3373821

However, when extracting an extract from a solid substance containing fungi, there is a problem that the amount of the extract extracted is small.

An object of the present invention is to improve the extraction efficiency of an extract from a solid substance containing fungi.

In order to achieve the object of the present invention, the extract extraction method according to the embodiment of the present invention has the following configurations. That is, it is a method of extracting an extract from a solid containing bacteria, and the first extraction step is obtained from a first extraction step of extracting an extract from the solid with water and a residue obtained in the first extraction step. Includes a second extraction step of extracting the extract with water that is more acidic than the water used in the extraction step of.

According to the present invention, it is possible to improve the extraction efficiency of an extract from a solid substance containing fungi.

Hereinafter, embodiments will be described in detail. The following embodiments do not limit the invention according to the claims, and not all combinations of features described in the embodiments are essential to the invention. Two or more of the plurality of features described in the embodiments may be arbitrarily combined.

The method for extracting an extract from a solid substance containing fungi according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a first extraction step and a second extraction step. Hereinafter, these steps will be described.

In the first extraction step, an extract is extracted with water from a solid substance containing fungi. The fungus can be a fungus such as mushroom, yeast, or mold. Mushrooms can form fruiting bodies of visible size, which is a structure created for sporulation among fungi, and mushroom fruiting bodies generally have an umbrella and stalk structure. Examples of mushrooms from which the extract is extracted include Reishi, Agaricus blazei, Maitake mushrooms, and Shiitake mushrooms.

The solid containing the fungus can include mycelium or fruiting body of the fungus. For example, the filamentous part formed by fungi, such as the root that grows at the root of a mushroom, is called a mycelium. In one embodiment, the fungal-containing solid may include a medium and mycelium cultivated on the medium, such solids inoculating or inoculating the solid medium with the hyphae constituting the fungus. It can be obtained by planting and culturing. The solid matter containing fungi may contain two or more types of fungi. In addition, when the solid matter contains Reishi, in order to eliminate the astringency peculiar to Reishi, the solid matter is used for mushrooms such as Matsutake mushrooms, Kawara mushrooms, or Choreimaitake mushrooms, or Chinese herbs. It may also contain additional herbs.

The following is an example of a method for preparing a solid substance containing mushrooms as fungi. In the following example, mushroom hyphae are cultivated using a mixture of mushroom fruiting bodies as a medium. First, the mushroom fruiting body is crushed into sawdust, and a medium is prepared by giving 65 to 75% (weight) of water. The mushroom fruiting body used here may be a mixture of Reishi and at least one or more of Agaricus blazei, Maitake mushroom, and Shiitake mushroom. The obtained medium is sterilized. As a sterilization method, the medium is heated at 99 ° C. for 7 to 8 hours in a normal pressure steam kettle, or the medium is heated in a high pressure steam kettle at 120 to 150 ° C. for 2 to 3 at a pressure of 1.1 to 2 atm. A method of heating for hours can be mentioned. The sterilized medium is cooled to room temperature of 20 to 26 ° C.

The medium thus obtained can be inoculated or inoculated with mushroom hyphae in a sterile room. One type of mushroom hyphae may be inoculated or planted in the medium for each inoculation or planting. Mushroom hyphae can be inoculated or planted multiple times, and the type of mushroom hyphae may be changed in each inoculation or planting. There may be an interval between the first inoculation or planting of mushroom hyphae and the next inoculation or planting of mushroom hyphae. Alternatively, a medium may be prepared by sterilizing the mushroom hyphae dried after culturing, and further different types of mushroom hyphae may be inoculated or planted. For culturing, mushroom hyphae can be fed with a mixture of rice bran, bran, combran and the like as nutrients, starch with glucose added and the like. Mushroom hyphae are cultivated by storing the medium in a culture room kept at room temperature for 2 to 3 weeks.

The mushroom mycelium thus obtained or a mixture of the mycelium and the medium can be used as a solid containing fungi. The obtained mushroom mycelium and medium may be crushed or shredded (for example, a width of about 2 to 3 mm) as needed. Further, the obtained mushroom mycelium and the medium may be sterilized or dried. The sterilization treatment is performed, for example, by crushing mushroom mycelium at 100 ° C. or higher for 30 to 60 minutes, at 120 to 160 ° C. for 10 to 20 seconds under a pressure of 1.1 to 2 atm, or 1.5 to 2 atm. It can be carried out by heating at a temperature of 140 ° C. for 10 to 20 seconds under the pressure of. By performing the sterilization treatment for a short time in this way, it is possible to suppress a decrease in the content of the mushroom extract component. Examples of the heating method for the sterilization treatment include a method of directly heating the mushroom mycelium with gas or electricity, and a method of heating the mushroom mycelium with an atmosphere such as high-temperature high-pressure steam or high-pressure gas. By these heating methods, the sterilization treatment of bacteria and various germs adhering to mushrooms can be performed in a short time.

Further, in order to improve the aroma or flavor of the mushroom extract, the mushroom mycelium may be roasted. For example, roasting can be performed by heating the mushroom mycelium at 100 to 250 ° C. for 15 to 30 minutes. The mushroom mycelium may be sterilized by such roasting.

Examples of the extraction method of the extract from the solid matter containing bacteria in the first extraction step include methods such as low temperature extraction, hot water extraction, steam extraction, superheated water extraction, and superheated steam extraction. In the present embodiment, the extract is extracted using water, and for example, low temperature extraction or hot water extraction is performed in which the extract is extracted by immersing a solid substance in water. As the water used for extraction, neutral (pH 5 or more and 9 or less) water can be used. For example, water having a pH equivalent to tap water (pH 5.8 or more and 8.6 or less) may be used, or purified pure water (for example, pH 7.0) may be used. Water does not have to be substantially free of solutes.

When hot water extraction is performed, the extraction temperature can be 60 ° C. or higher, 80 ° C. or higher, or 90 ° C. or higher in order to increase the extraction efficiency of the extract, and even if a mixture of solid matter and water is boiled. good. The heating method is not particularly limited, but gas, electricity, or the like may be used. In hot water extraction, the extraction temperature can be maintained for a predetermined extraction time, and the extraction time may be 5 minutes or more, 10 minutes or more, or 30 minutes or more in order to increase the extraction efficiency of the extract. It may be 3 hours or less, or 2 hours or less in order to suppress the decomposition of the extract component.

The first extraction step may include a first treatment of extracting the extract with water from the solid matter and a second treatment of extracting the extract with water from the residue obtained in the first treatment. good. In this way, in the first extraction step, extraction can be performed twice or more times. With such a configuration, the extract contained in the solid matter can be extracted more efficiently. The same extraction method may be used in the first process and the second process. For example, the water used in the first treatment may have the same pH properties as the water used in the second treatment. Further, hot water extraction may be performed in both the first treatment and the second treatment. In this case, the extraction temperature and the extraction time may be the same or different.

In the second extraction step, the extract is extracted from the residue obtained in the first extraction step with water that is more acidic than the water used in the first extraction step. In one embodiment, neutral water is used in the first extraction step, and acidic water (pH 0 or more and less than 5) is used in the second extraction step. In order to extract the extract efficiently, the water used in the second extraction step may contain an acid as an additive. As the acid, for example, an organic acid can be used, and examples of the organic acid include carboxylic acids such as lactic acid, acetic acid, citric acid, and malic acid. In one embodiment, the acid used is a hydroxy acid such as citric acid or malic acid.

In one embodiment, the amount of acid added may be 0.01 g or more, 0.05 g or more, or 0.1 g or more in order to improve the extraction efficiency of the extract. The amount of the acid added may be increased or decreased depending on the amount of the solid matter. For example, in one embodiment, 0.01 g or more, 0.05 g or more, or 0.1 g with respect to 16.4 g of the solid matter. Acids may be added in the above proportions. The amount of acid added may be increased or decreased depending on the amount of water used for extraction. For example, in one embodiment, 0.01 g or more, 0.05 g or more, or 0.05 g or more with respect to 66.7 ml of water. The acid may be added so as to have a concentration of 0.1 g or more.

In the second extraction step, the extract can be extracted using the same method as in the first extraction step, except that water that is more acidic than the water used in the first extraction step is used. For example, in the second extraction step, low temperature extraction or hot water extraction can be performed in which the extract is extracted by immersing the residue obtained in the first extraction step in water. When hot water extraction is performed, the extraction temperature and the extraction time in the second extraction step may be the same as or different from those in the first extraction step. Since the extraction temperature and extraction time of the mixture in the second extraction step can be appropriately selected as described in the first extraction step, the description thereof will be omitted.

In the present embodiment, a first extraction step of extracting the extract with water and a second extraction step of extracting the extract with water more acidic than the water used in the first extraction step are used in combination. .. Such a combination results in a significant extraction efficiency of the extract, especially useful components such as β-glucan, as compared to the treatment of simply extracting the extract multiple times with water and the treatment of simply extracting the extract with acidic water. There is an improvement. In particular, by combining the first extraction step using neutral water and the second extraction step using acidic water, the extraction efficiency of useful components such as β-glucan can be significantly improved. Can be done. The reason is not clear, but it is thought that the effect of the acidic component that extracts useful components such as β-glucan will be improved on the solid matter after various components have been extracted in the first extraction step. Be done.

[Analysis method]
The method for evaluating the mushroom extract of each embodiment will be described below. First, water is added to the obtained mushroom extract to adjust the volume to a certain level, and then Brix measurement of the mushroom extract solution is performed in order to measure the sugar content of the mushroom extract solution. 250 ml of a mushroom extract solution is evaporated to dryness, and the weight is measured and the β-glucan content is measured by an enzymatic method. Based on the β-glucan content measurement result, the ratio of the β-glucan content to the mycelium weight is calculated.

[Example 1]
Reishi, Agaricus blazei, Maitake mushroom, and Shiitake mushroom were mixed, crushed, and sterilized by adding water to form a medium. Mushroom mycelium was formed by inoculating this medium with Reishi mycelium and culturing it.

A mixture of 16.4 g of the above mushroom mycelium mixed with 100 ml of water was heated to a boil. The mixture was allowed to stand for 1 hour while maintaining 90 ° C. or higher. After cooling the mixture to room temperature, the mixture was filtered to give a residue of mushroom extract and mushroom mycelium (first extraction). The mixture obtained by adding 66.7 ml of water to the above residue was heated to a boil and allowed to stand at 90 ° C. or higher for 1 hour. After cooling the mixture to room temperature, the mixture was filtered to give a residue of mushroom extract and mushroom mycelium (second extraction). 66.7 ml of water and 0.2 g of citric acid were added to the above residue to obtain a mixture. Since the subsequent steps are the same as those for the first and second extractions, the description thereof will be omitted (third extraction). All the mushroom extracts obtained in the first to third extractions were mixed, and water was added to all the mushroom extracts to obtain 250 ml of a mushroom extract solution.

The mushroom extract solution was analyzed based on the above analysis method. Brix was 1.3%, the mushroom extract content was 2.946 g (per 250 ml), and the β-glucan content in the mushroom extract was 0.48 g (per 250 ml). In this way, an amount of β-glucan corresponding to 2.93% of the mycelium weight could be extracted.

[Comparative Example 1]
A mixture of 16.4 g of mushroom mycelium formed in the same manner as in Example 1 to which 100 ml of water was added was heated to a boil. The mixture was allowed to stand for 1 hour while maintaining 90 ° C. or higher. After cooling the mixture to room temperature, the mixture was filtered to obtain a residue of mushroom extract and mushroom mycelium. To the extracted mushroom extract, 0.2 g of citric acid and water were added to obtain 250 ml of a mushroom extract solution.
The mushroom extract solution was analyzed based on the above analysis method. Brix was 1.2%, the mushroom extract content was 2.479 g (per 250 ml), and the β-glucan content was 0.41 g (per 250 ml). In this way, an amount of β-glucan corresponding to 2.50% of the mycelium weight was extracted.

[Comparative Example 2]
A mixture of 16.4 g of mushroom mycelium formed in the same manner as in Example 1 to which 100 ml of water and 0.2 g of citric acid was added was heated to a boil. The mixture was allowed to stand for 1 hour while maintaining 90 ° C. or higher. After cooling the mixture to room temperature, the mixture was filtered to obtain a residue of mushroom extract and mushroom mycelium. Water was added to the extracted mushroom extract to obtain 250 ml of a mushroom extract solution.
The mushroom extract solution was analyzed based on the above analysis method. Brix was 1.2%, the mushroom extract content was 2.602 g (per 250 ml), and the β-glucan content was 0.42 g (per 250 ml). In this way, an amount of β-glucan corresponding to 2.56% of mycelium weight was extracted.

[Comparative Example 3]
A mixture of 16.4 g of mushroom mycelium formed in the same manner as in Example 1 mixed with 100 ml of water was heated to a boil. The mixture was allowed to stand for 1 hour while maintaining 90 ° C. or higher. After cooling the mixture to room temperature, the mixture was filtered to give a residue of mushroom extract and mushroom mycelium (first extraction). The mixture obtained by adding 66.7 ml of water to the above residue was heated to a boil and allowed to stand at 90 ° C. or higher for 1 hour. After cooling the mixture to room temperature, the mixture was filtered to give a residue of mushroom extract and mushroom mycelium (second extraction). Since the third extraction is the same process as the second extraction, the description thereof will be omitted. All the mushroom extracts obtained in the first to third extractions were mixed, and 0.2 g of citric acid and water were mixed with all the mushroom extracts to obtain 250 ml of a mushroom extract solution.
The mushroom extract solution was analyzed based on the above analysis method. Brix was 1.3%, the mushroom extract content was 2.705 g (per 250 ml), and the β-glucan content in the mushroom extract was 0.41 g (per 250 ml). In this way, an amount of β-glucan corresponding to 2.50% of the mycelium weight was extracted.

As described above, in Comparative Example 2 in which the extract was extracted using acidic water, the amount of the obtained extract and the amount of β-glucan were slightly increased as compared with Comparative Example 1 in which the extract was extracted using neutral water. I just did it. Further, Comparative Example 3 in which extraction was performed three times using neutral water was also compared with Comparative Example 2 in which extraction was performed once using neutral water, and the amount of extract and β were obtained. The amount of glucan changed little. Nevertheless, according to Example 1 in which the first extraction was performed and then the extraction was performed using more acidic water, the amount of extract and the amount of β-glucan were significantly higher than those of Comparative Examples 1 to 3. I was able to get it. From these results, it is considered that the extraction using more acidic water for the residue after the initial extraction contributes to the increase in the extraction amount of the extract and β-glucan. As described above, the method according to the above embodiment has a remarkable effect as compared with the technique of simply extracting the extract using acidic water and the technique of simply extracting the extract by repeating it a plurality of times. It can be said.

The invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications and changes can be made within the scope of the gist of the invention.

Claims (4)

It is a method of extracting an extract containing β-glucan from the mycelium of Reishi.
The first extraction step of extracting the extract from the mycelium of Reishi with neutral water, and
A second extraction step of extracting an extract with acidic water from the residue of the mycelium of Reishi obtained in the first extraction step, and
A method characterized by including. In the first extraction step, the first treatment of extracting the extract from the mycelium of Reishi with neutral water and the neutral residue of the mycelium of Reishi obtained in the first treatment are neutral. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises a second treatment of extracting the extract with water. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the water used in the second extraction step is water containing an organic acid. In the first extraction step, the extract is extracted by heating a mixture of the mycelium of Reishi and the neutral water.
The second extraction step, wherein the extract is extracted by heating a mixture of the mycelium residue of Reishi and the acidic water, according to any one of claims 1 to 3. The method described.