JP6908284B2 - 骨伝導性複合材料 - Google Patents
骨伝導性複合材料 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6908284B2 JP6908284B2 JP2018518575A JP2018518575A JP6908284B2 JP 6908284 B2 JP6908284 B2 JP 6908284B2 JP 2018518575 A JP2018518575 A JP 2018518575A JP 2018518575 A JP2018518575 A JP 2018518575A JP 6908284 B2 JP6908284 B2 JP 6908284B2
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Description
関連出願の相互参照
本発明は、2015年10月14日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/241,410号による優先権の利益を主張する。当該仮出願は、その全体が参照により本書に組み込まれる。
ペプチド両親媒性物質と生体適合性粒子との複合体を含む組成物、ならびに骨及び/または組織の欠損の治療のための当該組成物の使用が、本明細書で提供される。詳細には、組成物は、ペプチド両親媒性物質ナノファイバー溶液を固体の生体適合性粒子と混合したもののスラリーペーストを含み、組織/骨再生、成長因子送達、及び/または細胞送達に使用される。
[背景技術]
[発明の概要]
[図面の簡単な説明]
[図1B]以下の3つの実験群で測定した癒合スコアを示す。第1群:コラーゲンスポンジ及び100ngのBMP2、第2群:100ngのBMP2及びコラーゲン粒子、第3群:100ngのBMP2及びNanoSlurry。
[図2]ウサギ後外側脊椎癒合モデルにおける実験手順及び治療群を示す。浸漬及びロール(soak−and−roll)の技法を用いて第1〜4群からの移植物を調製した。NanoSlurry群(第5〜7群)には、5mLのシリンジから直接癒合ベッド(fusion bed)に適用した。
[図3]ウサギの後外側脊椎癒合モデルに対する、盲検的な手触診に基づく癒合率及びスコアを示す。
[図4]ウサギの後外側脊椎癒合モデルに対する移植後8週間の最終時点における全てのX線写真である。
[図5]ウサギの後外側脊椎癒合モデル;手術後8週間時の選択群のuCT画像である。
[図6]ウサギの後外側脊椎癒合モデル;選択群の各々において最も多くの量の骨成長を伴った個体を示すuCT画像である。「偽手術後対照」の代表個体は、PLF皮質除去手順の直後に安楽死させた。
本明細書に記載の実施形態を実施または試験する際に、本明細書に記載の方法及び材料に類似または同等の任意の方法及び材料を使用してもよいが、本明細書でいくつかの好ましい方法、組成物、デバイス、及び材料について説明する。ただし、本発明の材料及び方法の説明に入る前に、本明細書に記載の特定の分子、組成物、方法論、またはプロトコルは、通例の実験及び最適化に応じて変動し得るため、本発明がこれらの記載事項に限定されないということを理解されたい。また、発明を実施するための形態で使用する用語は、特定のバージョンまたは実施形態を説明するためのものに過ぎず、こうした用語が本明細書に記載の実施形態の範囲を限定するようには意図されていないことも理解されたい。
1)アラニン(A)及びグリシン(G);
2)アスパラギン酸(D)及びグルタミン酸(E);
3)アスパラギン(N)及びグルタミン(Q);
4)アルギニン(R)及びリジン(K);
5)イソロイシン(I)、ロイシン(L)、メチオニン(M)、及びバリン(V);
6)フェニルアラニン(F)、チロシン(Y)、及びトリプトファン(W);
7)セリン(S)及びスレオニン(T);ならびに
8)システイン(C)及びメチオニン(M)。
[発明を実施するための形態]
実施例1
ラットモデル
本明細書における実施形態の開発中に、本明細書に記載の組成物の有効性をin vivoでラットモデルにおいて評価するため、実験を行った(図1A)。in vivo実験は、ラットに実施した脊椎癒合モデルにおけるBMP2成長因子からの送達ビヒクルとしてNanoSlurryを使用して実施した。
合成及び精製
本研究で使用したPA分子、TSPHVPYGGGS−E3A3V3−C16(BMP2−PA)(配列番号5)及びE3A3V3−C16(希釈剤PA)(配列番号6)を、標準的な固相Fmoc化学作用により、CS Bio自動ペプチド合成装置において過去に報告された方法(Lee et.al.Advanced Healthcare Materials 4(1),(2015)131−141.;その全体が参照により本明細書に組み込まれる)を用いて合成した。得られた生成物を、標準的な逆相高速液体クロマトグラフィーを用いて精製した。各PAの純度及び正確な質量を、エレクトロスプレーイオン化四重極飛行時間型質量分析計における液体クロマトグラフィー/質量分析を用いて検証した。次にPA分子を滅菌フィルター処理し、分取し、凍結乾燥し、使用まで−80℃で保管した。
全てのPA溶液を滅菌MilliQ水に溶解した。手術当日、PA溶液をストックrhBMP−2溶液(1,500μg/mL)及び水と混合して、PAナノファイバー溶液に分散した所望最終濃度のrhBMP−2を達成した。NanoSlurryの調製用に、上記で調製したナノファイバー溶液を乾燥コラーゲン粒子と混合してペーストを形成した。指定のrhBMP−2濃度で混合した後、130uLのNanoSlurry混合物を滅菌1mLシリンジに装填した。
製剤:
吸収性コラーゲンスポンジ(ACS)及び0.1ugのr−BMP−2
1)130uLの0.38ug rBMP−2/mLを4mm x 10mmのACSシートに装填する。
製剤:
5重量%の吸収性コラーゲンスポンジ(ACS)粒子、(0.1ug rBMP−2/動物)0.38ug rBMP−2/mL
1)1.5mLの水及び167uLの4.04ug rBMP−2/mLを混合、
2)87.7mgの粉砕ACSと混合。(全体積1.7547mLと想定)
3)1つの欠損X10への移植用に130uLを1ccシリンジに装填
製剤:
5重量%の吸収性コラーゲンスポンジ(ACS)、1重量%のPA、(0.1ug rBMP−2/個体)0.38ug rBMP−2/mL
1)1.5mLの1.11重量% E3及び167uLの4.04ug rBMP−2/mLを混合、
2)87.7mgの粉砕ACSと混合。(全体積1.7547mLと想定)
3)1つの欠損X10への移植用に130uLを1ccシリンジに装填
本明細書における実施形態の開発中に行った実験は、Institutional Animal Care and Use Committeeによる承認を受け、IACUCの方針及び手順に従って行った。最初に、動物を以下の3つの治療群のうちの1群に割り当てた:第1群:100ngのBMP2及び吸収性コラーゲンスポンジ(ACS)、第2群:100ngのBMP2及びコラーゲン粒子、第3群:100ngのBMP2及びNanoSlurry。手術手順:ラットを、イソフルラン吸入麻酔送達システムによる継続的な麻酔下で暖房パッド上に維持し、心臓または呼吸の困難に備えたアシスタントが手順の全体にわたりラットを監視した。過去に説明された手術技法を利用して、腰椎棘突起に対し後部正中線切開を行い、この後に正中線から4mmのところで2つの別々の筋膜切開を行った。筋裂アプローチを用いて、骨膜までの鈍的な剥離により、L4及びL5横突起を露出させた。十分な露出の後、癒合ベッド(fusion bed)を滅菌ゲンタマイシン/食塩水溶液で洗浄し、高速バールを使用して横突起の表面皮層を取り除いた。次にグラフト材料を、横突起間にある傍脊椎筋系の両側に移植した。筋膜及び皮膚の切開を、3−0 Monocryl吸収性縫合糸によるシンプルな断続パターンを用いて閉鎖した。縫合糸は術後7〜10日で皮膚から除去された。手術後、ラットを別々のケージに収容し、自由に飲食させ、体重を支持させた。
術後8週間時に安楽死させた後、手触診により癒合を評価した。内容を知らされていない3人の観察者が、過去に確立した以下のスコア付け体系を用いて脊椎をスコア化した:
0=ブリッジングなし;1=片側のブリッジング;2=両側のブリッジング;3=十分量の骨による両側のブリッジング。平均スコアが1.0以上の脊椎を癒合が成功したものとみなした。
ラット研究の結果を図1Bに示す。第3群は、全ての動物について100%癒合という結果だった。これらの結果は、成長因子送達ビヒクルとしてのNanoSlurryの有効性を実証するものである。2つの対照群である第1群及び第2群は、コラーゲン及び水しか含有しておらず、これらの群は手触診による有意な脊椎癒合の尺度をもたらさなかった。これらの結果は、NanoSlurry製剤内に含まれるナノファイバーがrhBMP−2を有効に送達し、結果として脊椎癒合をもたらす役目を果たしていることを示すものである。
ウサギの後外側脊椎癒合
本明細書における実施形態の開発中に、本明細書に記載の組成物の有効性をin vivoで評価するため、ウサギの後外側脊椎癒合モデルにおいて実験を行った(図2)。
合成及び精製
本研究で使用したPA分子、TSPHVPYGGGS−E3A3V3−C16(BMP2−PA)(配列番号5)及びE3A3V3−C16(希釈剤PA)(配列番号6)を、標準的な固相Fmoc化学作用により、CS Bio自動ペプチド合成装置において過去に報告された方法(Lee他)を用いて合成した。得られた生成物を、標準的な逆相高速液体クロマトグラフィーを用いて精製した。各PAの純度及び正確な質量を、エレクトロスプレーイオン化四重極飛行時間型質量分析計における液体クロマトグラフィー/質量分析を用いて検証した。次にPA分子を滅菌フィルター処理し、分取し、凍結乾燥し、使用まで−80℃で保管した。
全てのPA溶液を滅菌MilliQ水に溶解した。手術当日、PA溶液をストックrhBMP−2溶液(1,500μg/mL)及び水と混合して、PAナノファイバー溶液に分散した所望最終濃度のrhBMP−2を達成した。次にPA/rhBMP−2溶液をACS骨格に浸し、2枚一組で重ねて巻いて最終移植物にした(図2)。
手術の24時間前に、動物に首輪をはめ、右耳介の内側でフェンタニルパッチ(12μg/時間)を投与した。
手術部位を剪毛し、Betadine(ポビドンヨード)擦り付け及びアルコール拭き取りのプロトコルを用いて滅菌様式で準備した。
ケタミン/キシラジンカクテル注射を用いてウサギに麻酔をかけ、ノーズコーンを介した2.5%イソフルラン吸入を用いて鎮静状態を維持した。手術部位を滅菌ドレープで覆った。手触診を用いて腸骨稜を識別し、L3〜L6椎体の位置に近接し、切開部位に局所麻酔を皮下投与した。対応棘突起のすぐ上方にある背側腰椎領域に沿って10cmの正中線切開を行った。L4〜L5横突起を露出するため、L4及びL5の棘突起の側面に(椎間関節の側面に)両側縦方向の筋膜及び筋肉の切開を行った。鈍的及び鋭的な剥離の組合せを用いて、傍脊椎筋群を椎体及び横突起から分離した。
X線撮影を2週間間隔で、CCM施設で術後8週時に屠殺するまで行った。X線撮影については、Lomirのウサギ用包帯(swaddle)を用いてウサギを物理的に固定した。この包帯は横たわらせるためのデバイス(snuggle device)であり、動物の胸骨位置を保持して、麻酔の必要なしに腰椎の撮影を容易にする。
動物を術後8週間時に安楽死させ、手触診による癒合の評価用に脊椎を採取した。評価は、前述のようにグレード分けされたスコア付け体系(0はブリッジングしていない骨、1はL4〜L5ブリッジング骨による片側癒合、2は両側がブリッジングした骨)を用いて、3人の独立した内容を知らされていない観察者により実施された。次に、各試験片に対する個々のスコアを平均化した。平均スコア≧1.0を安定した癒合とみなした。
2つの対照群(第1群はACS+30μgのrhBMP−2、第2群はACS+60μgのrhBMP−2)は、それぞれの癒合率が0%、50%であり、予想される通りであった(図3)。発明者らは、rhBMP−2の送達がPAナノファイバーの添加(第3群及び第4群)により強化されたことを見いだした。移植物にPAを添加することにより、30ugまたは60ugのrhBMP−2を送達させた場合において、全ての動物に対し、100%の癒合率及び可能な範囲での最高の癒合スコア(全ての動物における両側の癒合)がもたらされた。これらの目覚ましい結果は、PAナノゲルによるrhBMP−2の保持、rhBMP−2のバースト放出の回避、及びバースト放出ではなくゆっくりとした成長因子放出の動態が可能になったことによるものであると、発明者らは考えている。PAナノファイバーは、rhBMP−2に強力に結合し、バースト放出を防止するが、場合によってはrhBMP−2を非活性化する可能性が考えられる酵素及び他の生物学的因子に対するバリアも提供する。発明者らは、PAナノゲルは、侵入細胞がナノファイバーマトリックスを分解し保持されている成長因子へのアクセスを得るまで、ナノファイバーマトリックス内のほとんどのrhBMP−2を保護及び保持するものと仮定している。
Claims (12)
- (1)ペプチド両親媒性物質ナノファイバー、(2)コラーゲンスポンジ材料の生体適合性ポリマー微粒子、及び(3)骨の欠損の修復又は骨の再生のための成長因子を含む、骨伝導性複合材料。
- 前記複合材料がペースト様粘性を有する、請求項1に記載の複合材料。
- 前記ペプチド両親媒性物質ナノファイバーがペプチド両親媒性物質溶液に由来する、請求項1に記載の複合材料。
- 骨または軟骨の欠損の修復の促進に使用するための、請求項1に記載の複合材料。
- 請求項1に記載の複合材料を調製する方法であって、(a)水中でペプチド両親媒性物質溶液を骨誘導性生体活性作用物質と合わせて、前記ペプチド両親媒性物質溶液中に前記骨誘導性生体活性作用物質が分散した溶液を生成すること、及び(b)水溶液中で前記ペプチド両親媒性物質溶液中の前記骨誘導性生体活性作用物質の前記溶液をコラーゲンスポンジ材料の生体適合性ポリマー微粒子と混合することを含む、前記方法。
- コラーゲンスポンジを粉砕及び/または凍結乾燥して微粒子を生成するステップをさらに含む、請求項5に記載の方法。
- (a)請求項1に記載の複合材料、及び
(b)前記複合材料を対象における骨の欠損に適用するための医療デバイスを含む、システム。 - 前記医療デバイスが、シリンジ、カテーテル、またはペーストアプリケーターである、請求項7に記載のシステム。
- 前記成長因子が、骨形成タンパク質、形質転換成長因子、成長分化因子、血管内皮成長因子、又は線維芽細胞成長因子を含む、請求項1に記載の複合材料。
- 前記成長因子が、BMP−1、BMP−2、BMP−4、BMP−6、及びBMP−7からなる群から選択される骨形成タンパク質を含む、請求項9に記載の複合材料。
- 前記成長因子が、TGF−β1、TGF−β2、及びTGF−β3からなる群から選択される形質転換成長因子を含む、請求項9に記載の複合材料。
- 前記成長因子が、GDF1、GDF2、GDF3、GDF5、GDF6、GDF7、ミオスタチン/GDF8、GDF9、GDF10、GDF11、及びGDF15からなる群から選択される成長分化因子を含む、請求項9に記載の複合材料。
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