JP6903443B2 - 発光装置 - Google Patents
発光装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6903443B2 JP6903443B2 JP2017023777A JP2017023777A JP6903443B2 JP 6903443 B2 JP6903443 B2 JP 6903443B2 JP 2017023777 A JP2017023777 A JP 2017023777A JP 2017023777 A JP2017023777 A JP 2017023777A JP 6903443 B2 JP6903443 B2 JP 6903443B2
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 106
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 claims description 53
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000005525 hole transport Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 152
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 43
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 26
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 15
- -1 IWZO Chemical compound 0.000 description 14
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 9
- TVIVIEFSHFOWTE-UHFFFAOYSA-K tri(quinolin-8-yloxy)alumane Chemical compound [Al+3].C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1.C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1.C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1 TVIVIEFSHFOWTE-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 8
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- DHDHJYNTEFLIHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=NC2=C1C=CC1=C(C=3C=CC=CC=3)C=CN=C21 DHDHJYNTEFLIHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- NJWNEWQMQCGRDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium zinc Chemical compound [Zn].[In] NJWNEWQMQCGRDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 5
- UHXOHPVVEHBKKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2,2-diphenylethenyl)-4-[4-(2,2-diphenylethenyl)phenyl]benzene Chemical compound C=1C=C(C=2C=CC(C=C(C=3C=CC=CC=3)C=3C=CC=CC=3)=CC=2)C=CC=1C=C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 UHXOHPVVEHBKKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RKVIAZWOECXCCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-carbazol-9-yl-n,n-diphenylaniline Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C(=CC=CC=1)N1C2=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C21)C1=CC=CC=C1 RKVIAZWOECXCCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- AWXGSYPUMWKTBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-carbazol-9-yl-n,n-bis(4-carbazol-9-ylphenyl)aniline Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C2N1C1=CC=C(N(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C32)C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C32)C=C1 AWXGSYPUMWKTBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 101000837344 Homo sapiens T-cell leukemia translocation-altered gene protein Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 102100028692 T-cell leukemia translocation-altered gene protein Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- NIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CC3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 NIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- IBHBKWKFFTZAHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[4-[4-(n-naphthalen-1-ylanilino)phenyl]phenyl]-n-phenylnaphthalen-1-amine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C2=CC=CC=C2C=CC=1)C1=CC=C(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC=2)C=C1 IBHBKWKFFTZAHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000003413 spiro compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- XNCMQRWVMWLODV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-phenylbenzimidazole Chemical compound C1=NC2=CC=CC=C2N1C1=CC=CC=C1 XNCMQRWVMWLODV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LPCWDYWZIWDTCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-phenylisoquinoline Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=NC=CC2=CC=CC=C12 LPCWDYWZIWDTCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZDAWFMCVTXSZTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-n',7-n'-dinaphthalen-1-yl-2-n',7-n'-diphenyl-9,9'-spirobi[fluorene]-2',7'-diamine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C2=CC=CC=C2C=CC=1)C1=CC=C(C=2C(=CC(=CC=2)N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC=2)C23C4=CC=CC=C4C4=CC=CC=C43)C2=C1 ZDAWFMCVTXSZTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VQGHOUODWALEFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylpyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 VQGHOUODWALEFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IEQGNDONCZPWMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-(7-carbazol-9-yl-9,9-dimethylfluoren-2-yl)carbazole Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C2N1C1=CC=C(C=2C(C3(C)C)=CC(=CC=2)N2C4=CC=CC=C4C4=CC=CC=C42)C3=C1 IEQGNDONCZPWMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KKKJYKXDWACECM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-(9,9-dimethylfluoren-1-yl)carbazole Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C2N1C1=C2C(C)(C)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=CC=C1 KKKJYKXDWACECM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NZGXEUWGGSDALJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N C1=CC=CC=C1C1=NC=CC=C1[Ir](C=1C(=NC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CN=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=NC=CC=C1[Ir](C=1C(=NC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CN=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 NZGXEUWGGSDALJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000218 acetic acid group Chemical group C(C)(=O)* 0.000 description 2
- CUJRVFIICFDLGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylacetonate Chemical compound CC(=O)[CH-]C(C)=O CUJRVFIICFDLGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229940058303 antinematodal benzimidazole derivative Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- DKHNGUNXLDCATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipyrazino[2,3-f:2',3'-h]quinoxaline-2,3,6,7,10,11-hexacarbonitrile Chemical compound C12=NC(C#N)=C(C#N)N=C2C2=NC(C#N)=C(C#N)N=C2C2=C1N=C(C#N)C(C#N)=N2 DKHNGUNXLDCATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002220 fluorenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- WLLRHFOXFKWDMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n'-bis(4'-diphenylamino-4-biphenylyl)-n,n'-diphenylbenzidine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC(=CC=1)C=1C=CC(=CC=1)N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC(=CC=1)C=1C=CC(=CC=1)N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC(=CC=1)C=1C=CC(=CC=1)N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 WLLRHFOXFKWDMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000000059 patterning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000002080 perylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=C2C=CC=C3C4=CC=CC5=CC=CC(C1=C23)=C45)* 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000005504 styryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000006617 triphenylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001637 1-naphthyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C2C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C2=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- GKWLILHTTGWKLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxine Chemical compound O1CCOC2=CSC=C21 GKWLILHTTGWKLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYTUDCZDAVNDOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[9,9-dimethyl-7-[5-(6-pyridin-2-ylpyridin-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]fluoren-2-yl]-5-(6-pyridin-2-ylpyridin-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole Chemical compound C1=C2C(C)(C)C3=CC(C=4OC(=NN=4)C=4N=C(C=CC=4)C=4N=CC=CC=4)=CC=C3C2=CC=C1C(O1)=NN=C1C(N=1)=CC=CC=1C1=CC=CC=N1 RYTUDCZDAVNDOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NSMJMUQZRGZMQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-naphthalen-1-yl-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline Chemical compound C12=CC=CN=C2C2=NC=CC=C2C2=C1NC(C=1C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC=1)=N2 NSMJMUQZRGZMQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WSNAMHKTKVHHSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline Chemical compound c1ccc(cc1)-c1ccnc2c1c(cc1cccnc21)-c1ccccc1 WSNAMHKTKVHHSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZEPNEZBNLFFDDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,7-di(carbazol-9-yl)-1,10-phenanthroline Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C2N1C1=CC=NC2=C1C=CC1=C(N3C4=CC=CC=C4C4=CC=CC=C43)C=CN=C21 ZEPNEZBNLFFDDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MZYDBGLUVPLRKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-(3-carbazol-9-ylphenyl)carbazole Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C2N1C1=CC(N2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C32)=CC=C1 MZYDBGLUVPLRKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100022299 All trans-polyprenyl-diphosphate synthase PDSS1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101710093939 All trans-polyprenyl-diphosphate synthase PDSS1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920001609 Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BSUHXFDAHXCSQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Zn+2].[W+4].[O-2].[In+3] Chemical compound [Zn+2].[W+4].[O-2].[In+3] BSUHXFDAHXCSQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001341 alkaline earth metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001556 benzimidazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001716 carbazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 1
- RBTKNAXYKSUFRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N heliogen blue Chemical compound [Cu].[N-]1C2=C(C=CC=C3)C3=C1N=C([N-]1)C3=CC=CC=C3C1=NC([N-]1)=C(C=CC=C3)C3=C1N=C([N-]1)C3=CC=CC=C3C1=N2 RBTKNAXYKSUFRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002503 iridium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- COLNWNFTWHPORY-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;8-hydroxyquinoline-2-carboxylate Chemical compound [Li+].C1=C(C([O-])=O)N=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1 COLNWNFTWHPORY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000476 molybdenum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FXLACZRLWRDUQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[4-[3-(n-naphthalen-1-ylanilino)phenyl]phenyl]-n-phenylnaphthalen-1-amine Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C2=CC=CC=C2C=CC=1)C1=CC=C(C=2C=C(C=CC=2)N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC=2)C=C1 FXLACZRLWRDUQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001579 optical reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical class O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxomolybdenum Chemical compound [Mo]=O PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000843 phenylene group Chemical group C1(=C(C=CC=C1)*)* 0.000 description 1
- IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalocyanine Chemical class N1C(N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000172 poly(styrenesulfonic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940005642 polystyrene sulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Chemical compound [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000427 thin-film deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001651 triphenylamine derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)
Description
第1電極と第2電極の間に位置し、それぞれが発光層を含む第1発光ユニット及び第2発光ユニットと、
前記第1発光ユニットと前記第2発光ユニットの間に位置する電荷発生層と、
を備え、
前記電荷発生層は、電子輸送材料及び金属を含む第1層と、正孔注入材料を含む第2層と、を含み、
前記第1発光ユニット及び前記第2発光ユニットは、前記電荷発生層に接する第3層及び第4層をそれぞれ含み、
前記第3層及び前記第4層のそれぞれのガラス転移点は、前記第1層の前記電子輸送材料のガラス転移点より高い発光装置である。
100 基板
102 第1面
102a 領域
102b 領域
102c 領域
104 第2面
110 第1電極
112 第1接続部
114 第1配線
120 有機層
130 第2電極
130a 端部
130b 端部
132 第2接続部
134 第2配線
152 発光部
154 透光部
160 絶縁層
160a 端部
160b 端部
162 開口
200 第1発光ユニット
202 層
210 HIL
220 HTL
230 EBL
240 EML
250 HBL
300 第2発光ユニット
302 層
310 HTL
320 EBL
330 EML
340 HBL
350 ETL
360 EIL
400 CGL
410 層
420 層
Claims (6)
- 第1電極と第2電極の間に位置し、それぞれが発光層を含む第1発光ユニット及び第2発光ユニットと、
前記第1発光ユニットと前記第2発光ユニットの間に位置する電荷発生層と、
を備え、
前記電荷発生層は、電子輸送材料及び金属を含む第1層と、正孔注入材料を含む第2層と、を含み、
前記第1発光ユニット及び前記第2発光ユニットは、前記電荷発生層に接する第3層及び第4層をそれぞれ含み、
前記第1層の前記電子輸送材料のガラス転移点は、125℃以上130℃以下であり、
前記第3層及び前記第4層のそれぞれのガラス転移点は、前記第1層の前記電子輸送材料のガラス転移点より高い発光装置。 - 請求項1に記載の発光装置において、
前記第3層は、前記第1層の前記電子輸送材料のガラス転移点よりも高いガラス転移点を有する前記第3層の電子輸送材料を含み、
前記第4層は、前記第1層の前記電子輸送材料のガラス転移点よりも高いガラス転移点を有する前記第4層の正孔輸送材料を含む発光装置。 - 請求項1又は2に記載の発光装置において、
前記電荷発生層の前記第1層の前記金属は、Ca、Li、Na、K、Rb、Cs及びMgのいずれか一つである発光装置。 - 請求項1から3までのいずれか一項に記載の発光装置において、
前記第3層及び前記第4層のそれぞれのガラス転移点は、140℃以上である発光装置。 - 請求項1から4までのいずれか一項に記載の発光装置において、
前記第3層及び前記第4層のそれぞれのガラス転移点は、前記第1層の前記電子輸送材料のガラス転移点より15℃以上高い発光装置。 - 請求項1に記載の発光装置において、
前記第1発光ユニットの前記第3層は、正孔阻止材料を含み、
前記第2発光ユニットの前記第4層は、正孔輸送材料を含む発光装置。
Priority Applications (1)
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JP2017023777A JP6903443B2 (ja) | 2017-02-13 | 2017-02-13 | 発光装置 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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JP2017023777A JP6903443B2 (ja) | 2017-02-13 | 2017-02-13 | 発光装置 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2018133127A JP2018133127A (ja) | 2018-08-23 |
JP6903443B2 true JP6903443B2 (ja) | 2021-07-14 |
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JP2017023777A Active JP6903443B2 (ja) | 2017-02-13 | 2017-02-13 | 発光装置 |
Country Status (1)
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JP (1) | JP6903443B2 (ja) |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2005005149A (ja) * | 2003-06-12 | 2005-01-06 | Tohoku Pioneer Corp | 有機el素子及びその製造方法 |
US7211948B2 (en) * | 2004-01-13 | 2007-05-01 | Eastman Kodak Company | Using a crystallization-inhibitor in organic electroluminescent devices |
JP4408382B2 (ja) * | 2004-03-18 | 2010-02-03 | 株式会社 日立ディスプレイズ | 有機発光表示装置 |
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